趙青云, 趙秋芳, 王 輝, 王 華, 莊輝發(fā)，朱自慧

(1 中國熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院香料飲料研究所， 海南萬寧 571533；2 農(nóng)業(yè)部香辛飲料作物遺傳資源利用重點實驗室， 海南萬寧 571737；3 海南省熱帶香辛飲料遺傳改良與品質(zhì)調(diào)控重點實驗室， 海南萬寧 571533)

根際促生菌BacillussubtilisY-IVI在香草蘭上的應(yīng)用效果研究

趙青云1,3, 趙秋芳1,2,3, 王 輝1,3, 王 華1,2, 莊輝發(fā)1,2，朱自慧1,3

(1 中國熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院香料飲料研究所， 海南萬寧 571533；2 農(nóng)業(yè)部香辛飲料作物遺傳資源利用重點實驗室， 海南萬寧 571737；3 海南省熱帶香辛飲料遺傳改良與品質(zhì)調(diào)控重點實驗室， 海南萬寧 571533)

【目的】香草蘭為多年生熱帶經(jīng)濟(jì)作物，隨著種植年限的增加，植株長勢弱，土壤有益微生物減少，土壤微生物區(qū)系失衡，嚴(yán)重制約了香草蘭產(chǎn)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展?？莶菅挎邨U菌作為一種根際促生菌，被廣泛應(yīng)用于促進(jìn)作物生長，改善土壤微生物環(huán)境。本文將枯草芽孢桿菌Y-IVI接種在有機肥上，生產(chǎn)了生物有機肥，并就該生物有機肥對香草蘭生長的影響進(jìn)行了研究?！痉椒ā坎捎脺厥遗柙栽囼灒{(diào)查施用根際促生菌枯草芽孢桿菌(Bacillussubtilis)Y-IVI及其經(jīng)固體發(fā)酵制得的微生物有機肥料(Y-IVI： 3×108cfu/g)后，香草蘭植株地上部及根系的生長狀況，采用選擇性培養(yǎng)基方法研究了Y-IVI在香草蘭根際土壤中的定殖能力及對香草蘭根莖腐病致病菌-尖孢鐮刀菌數(shù)量的影響?！窘Y(jié)果】施用Y-IVI及BIO 4個月后，香草蘭根際土壤Y-IVI數(shù)量仍可達(dá)到106cfu/g土，二者無顯著差異，在處理OF和對照中未檢測到菌株Y-IVI。施用生物有機肥香草蘭地上部干重和根系干重均顯著高于對照，分別增加了63.1%和59.4%，與不接種Y-IVI的有機肥處理(OF)相比，地上部干重顯著提高了43.2%，根系干重提高了18%，差異不顯著；施用Y-IVI菌液的處理植株地上部干重和根系干重均高于對照，但無顯著性差異；處理BIO根系直徑、根系表面積和總體積與對照相比分別增加了41.9%、88.9%和80.4%，均顯著高于對照，總根長與對照差異不顯著；處理BIO根系表面積和總體積與有機肥處理OF相比分別顯著增加了41.9%和30.8%，根系直徑與OF相比增加了10.1%，差異不顯著；處理Y-IVI根系直徑與對照相比顯著增加了25.5%，但根系表面積和總體積與對照差異不顯著；與對照相比，施用BIO及Y-IVI的處理根際土壤尖孢鐮刀菌數(shù)量分別明顯降低了52.2%和41.8%，施用有機肥OF的處理降低了10%，差異不顯著?！窘Y(jié)論】Y-IVI可穩(wěn)定定殖于香草蘭根際土壤對其生長起有益作用，含促生菌Y-IVI的生物有機肥料比單獨使用促生菌菌液可以更有效地減少根際土壤中尖孢鐮刀菌數(shù)量，降低連作生物障礙。施用生物有機肥料比施用化肥和有機肥更有效地促進(jìn)香草蘭地上部及根系生長，因此，施用由根際促生菌枯草芽孢桿菌(Bacillussubtilis)Y-IVI制得的生物有機肥是解決香草蘭連作生物障礙和提高收益的有效手段。

香草蘭； 根際促生菌； 生物有機肥； 尖孢鐮刀菌

香草蘭(VanillaplanifoliaAmes.)是蘭科香草蘭屬熱帶攀緣藤本香料植物，有“天然食品香料之王”的美譽。其鮮豆莢經(jīng)過生香加工后含有250多種芳香成分，香氣獨特，被廣泛用于調(diào)制各種高級香煙、名酒、茶葉，是各類高檔食品和飲料的配香原料，在國際市場上供不應(yīng)求[1]。另外香草蘭還是用途廣泛的天然藥材，被列入美國、德國、英國的國家藥典，有補腎、健胃、消脹、健脾之功效[2]。香草蘭廣泛分布于熱帶和亞熱帶地區(qū)，南北緯25°以內(nèi)。在中國海南省及云南西雙版納地區(qū)均有栽培。

香草蘭為多年生作物，在生產(chǎn)上以施用化肥和有機肥為主。隨著種植年限的增加，植株長勢變?nèi)酰寥牢⑸飬^(qū)系失衡，土壤有益微生物數(shù)量減少，根莖腐病致病菌-尖孢鐮刀菌數(shù)量增加，出現(xiàn)連作生物障礙問題[3]，嚴(yán)重制約了香草蘭產(chǎn)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

近年來，根際促生菌成為國內(nèi)外學(xué)者研究的熱點之一，被廣泛應(yīng)用于促進(jìn)作物生長，改善土壤微生物環(huán)境。Zaidi等[4]盆栽試驗研究顯示，土壤接種BacillussubtilisSJ-101可顯著提高芥菜生物量，促進(jìn)植物生長。Han等[5]從中國南方水稻根際土中分離到的菌株DelftiatsuruhatensisHR4具有固氮能力，對植株生長有促生作用，并且可作為生防菌株防治水稻紋枯病等常見病害。Karlidag等[6]在大田條件下研究了促生菌M3、 OSU-142、 FS01對蘋果樹生長的影響，結(jié)果表明，在移栽前用109cfu/mL的菌懸液浸根可刺激蘋果樹生長。Niranjan Raj[7]通過溫室盆栽及大田試驗比較了5種不同的促生菌對御谷的促生作用，結(jié)果表明土壤接種促生菌的處理種子發(fā)芽率，株高，植株鮮、干重，葉片面積，千粒重，籽粒數(shù)等均顯著高于對照；開花期與對照相比提前了4-5 d。Ling等[8]通過大田和盆栽試驗研究表明，施用由PaenibacilluspolymyxaSQR21制得的微生物肥料可顯著提高西瓜產(chǎn)量，有效降低根際土壤尖孢鐮刀菌的數(shù)量。Wang等[9]研究顯示，施用由B.amyloliquefaciensW19制得的微生物肥料可顯著提高香蕉植株干重，降低枯萎病發(fā)病率，改善土壤微生物環(huán)境。

促生菌在植物根際土壤中的成功定殖是其起促生作用的關(guān)鍵步驟[10-11]。Zhao等[12]研究表明，土壤接種B.subtilisY-IVI可顯著促進(jìn)甜瓜生長。施用由B.subtilisY-IVI制得的微生物肥料BIO可降低甜瓜根際土壤致病性真菌-尖孢鐮刀菌的數(shù)量，提高植株干重，在施用BIO 60天后，Y-IVI在根際土壤仍可達(dá)到107cfu/g土[13]。本文采用的促生菌B.subtilisY-IVI由南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)江蘇省固體有機廢棄物資源化高技術(shù)研究重點實驗室提供，旨在通過盆栽試驗研究施用Y-IVI及其制得的微生物肥料BIO對香草蘭生長是否有促進(jìn)作用，并采用選擇性培養(yǎng)基的方法研究Y-IVI在香草蘭根際土壤中的定殖能力及對香草蘭根莖腐病致病菌-尖孢鐮刀菌數(shù)量的影響，為解決香草蘭種植中出現(xiàn)的長勢弱和連作生物障礙問題提供理論依據(jù)。

1 材料與方法

1.1 試驗材料與設(shè)計

供試土壤為沙壤土，養(yǎng)分含量為全氮0.72 g/kg、 速效磷13.00 mg/kg、 速效鉀93.00 mg/kg、 有機質(zhì)12.67 g/kg。試驗盆缽采用周轉(zhuǎn)箱(內(nèi)尺寸600×420×165 mm)，每盆裝土10 kg。選取長勢一致的健康香草蘭作為供試苗。

試驗設(shè)4個處理： 1)對照(CK，施用等量化肥)； 2)施用牛糞堆肥(OF，300 g/盆)；3)施用標(biāo)記菌株Y-IVI菌懸液(接種濃度107cfu/g，土)；4)施用微生物有機肥(BIO，300 g/盆)。該盆栽試驗每盆栽種2株香草蘭(1株用于測定生物量及根系掃描，另外1株用于根際土壤微生物數(shù)量測定)，每處理重復(fù)4次，3次獨立試驗，共48盆。

1.2 測定項目及方法

1.2.1 植株生物量及根系形態(tài) 在香草蘭移栽4個月后毀滅性采樣，采用EPSON根系掃描儀掃描, WINRhizo軟件分析根系各生長參數(shù)。根系及莖葉分別裝入牛皮紙袋中，置烘箱殺青并烘至恒重，稱量。

1.2.2 根際土壤標(biāo)記菌株Y-IVI數(shù)量及尖孢鐮刀菌數(shù)量 植株根從盆缽中拔出，輕輕抖掉土體土，黏附在根上的土連同根作為根際樣品[15-16]，帶回實驗室保存于4℃冰箱中保存。采用平板稀釋涂布的方法，稀釋至不同的濃度梯度，分別涂布在Fusariumoxysporum[17]，Bacillusspp.[14-15]選擇性培養(yǎng)基上，計數(shù)。

1.3 數(shù)據(jù)分析

數(shù)據(jù)均采用SPSS軟件(SPSS 16.0)進(jìn)行ANOVA方差分析和多重比較(LSD,P≤0.05)。

2 結(jié)果與分析

2.1 不同處理對香草蘭植株生物量的影響

由圖1A可知，施用生物有機肥的處理(BIO)香草蘭地上部干重顯著高于其他處理，與對照(CK)相比，提高了63.1%。施用牛糞有機肥的處理(OF)和接種促生菌Y-IVI的處理(Y-IVI)地上部干重分別比CK增加了13.8%和14.6%，但三者之間無顯著性差異。處理BIO香草蘭根系干重顯著高于CK及處理Y-IVI，分別增加了59.4%和37.2%。處理BIO與OF之間差異不顯著(圖1B)。由此可見，施用促生菌Y-IVI及BIO均可促進(jìn)香草蘭地上部及根系生長，且BIO促生效果更好。

2.2 不同處理對香草蘭根系生長的影響

從表1得出，CK總根長高于其他處理，與處理OF及BIO無顯著差異，但顯著高于處理Y-IVI。另外，處理OF、Y-IVI和BIO之間差異不顯著。處理BIO根系表面積與其他處理差異顯著，分別比CK、OF及Y-IVI增加了88.9%、41.6%和71.9%，并且，處理OF根系表面積顯著高于CK及處理Y-IVI。處理BIO根系直徑與CK及處理Y-IVI相比，分別顯著提高了41.9%和12.9%，與處理OF無顯著性差異。處理BIO根系體積顯著高于其他處理，但處理OF與Y-IVI之間差異不顯著，分別比CK增加了80.4%和31.1%。這說明施用促生菌Y-IVI或由其制得的BIO均可促進(jìn)香草蘭根系生長發(fā)育，且以施用BIO對培育香草蘭發(fā)達(dá)的根系具有顯著效果。

2.3 不同處理對香草蘭根際土壤尖孢鐮刀菌數(shù)量的影響

圖2表明，處理Y-IVI和BIO根際土壤尖孢鐮刀菌數(shù)量無顯著性差異，但均顯著低于CK和處理OF。處理BIO與CK、OF及Y-IVI相比，尖孢鐮刀菌數(shù)量分別降低了52.6%、47.3%和19.0%。另外，處理OF與CK相比，土壤尖孢鐮刀菌數(shù)量降低了10.4%，但二者差異不顯著。這說明，施用Y-IVI及BIO均可顯著降低香草蘭根際土壤尖孢鐮刀菌的數(shù)量，但OF處理對降低尖孢鐮刀菌數(shù)量不顯著。

圖1 不同處理對香草蘭植株地上部及根系干重的影響Fig.1 Effects of different treatments on vanilla shoot and root dry weight[注(Note)： CK—化肥Chemical fertilizer；OF—有機肥 manure；Y-IVI—枯草芽孢桿菌Y-IVI菌液(接種濃度107 cfu/g土)Inocula of Bacillus subtilis Y-IVI (107cfu/g, soil)；BIO—接種Y-IVI菌液生物有機肥(Y-IVI, 3 × 108 cfu/g) Manure inoculated with Y-IVI (Y-IVI, 3 × 108 cfu/g). 圖中柱上不同小寫字母表示差異顯著(P<0.05)Bars with different letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05).]

處理Treatment總根長Totalrootlength(m/plant)根系直徑Averagerootdiameter(mm)根系表面積Rootsurfacearea(cm2/plant)根系體積Totalrootvolume(cm3/plant)CK4．82±0．06a0．94±0．08c115．41±8．34c2．74±0．58cOF4．72±0．12ab1．29±0．14ab153．95±8．49b4．94±0．53bY-IVI4．55±0．18b1．18±0．09b126．84±13．78c3．59±0．58bcBIO4．71±0．10ab1．42±0．10a218．49±5．76a6．46±0．42a

注(Note): 表中數(shù)據(jù)為3次獨立試驗的平均值±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差， Data were expressed as mean±standard deviation (n=3)； 數(shù)值后不同小寫字母表示處理間差異顯著(P<0.05)Values followed by different letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

圖2 不同處理對香草蘭根際土壤尖孢鐮刀菌數(shù)量的影響Fig.2 Effects of different treatments on Fusarium spp population in vanilla rhizosphere soil[注(Note)： CK—化肥Chemical fertilizer；OF—有機肥 manure；Y-IVI—枯草芽孢桿菌Y-IVI菌液(接種濃度107 cfu/g土)Inocula of Bacillus subtilis Y-IVI (107cfu/g, soil)；BIO—接種Y-IVI菌液生物有機肥(Y-IVI, 3 × 108 cfu/g) Manure inoculated with Y-IVI (Y-IVI, 3 × 108 cfu/g). 圖中柱上不同小寫字母表示差異顯著(P<0.05)Bars with different letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05).]

2.4 促生菌Y-IVI在香草蘭根際土壤的定殖能力

圖3顯示，在土壤施用Y-IVI及BIO 4個月后，處理Y-IVI和BIO根際土壤促生菌Y-IVI數(shù)量仍可達(dá)到106cfu/g土，但在處理CK及OF根際土壤中并未檢測到促生菌Y-IVI。由此可見，Y-IVI可穩(wěn)定定殖于根際土壤對香草蘭生長起促進(jìn)作用，并可抑制土壤中有害真菌尖孢鐮刀菌的數(shù)量。

圖3 促生菌Y-IVI在香草蘭根際土壤的定殖能力Fig.3 Colonization ability of plant growth promotion rhizobacteria Y-IVI in vanilla rhizosphere soil[注(Note)： CK—化肥Chemical fertilizer；OF—有機肥 manure；Y-IVI—枯草芽孢桿菌Y-IVI菌液(接種濃度107 cfu/g土)Inocula of Bacillus subtilis Y-IVI (107cfu/g, soil)；BIO—接種Y-IVI菌液生物有機肥(Y-IVI, 3 × 108 cfu/g) Manure inoculated with Y-IVI (Y-IVI, 3 × 108 cfu/g). 圖中柱上不同小寫字母表示差異顯著(P<0.05)Bars with different letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05).]

3 討論與結(jié)論

化肥的大量施用對提高作物產(chǎn)量起到了重要的作用，但同時也帶來了諸多問題，如化肥利用率降低，生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化，土壤微生物區(qū)系單一化等。根際促生菌在促進(jìn)作物生長，防治植物病害，改善土壤微生物環(huán)境等方面具有重要的作用，在一定程度上可替代化肥、農(nóng)藥等應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)[12]，減少有害成分對環(huán)境及人類健康造成危害，實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。另外，生物有機肥是由有益微生物菌群與有機肥結(jié)合形成的新型、高效、安全的生物有機肥料。它兼具了有機肥和微生物肥料的優(yōu)點，可為微生物提供充足的養(yǎng)分，維持功能菌種活性，有效地提高肥料利用率，促進(jìn)作物生長，改善土壤微生物環(huán)境[18-20]。促生菌及生物有機肥被廣泛應(yīng)用于瓜果蔬菜類經(jīng)濟(jì)作物以替代部分化肥及普通有機肥，在國內(nèi)外促生菌及生物有機肥在香草蘭上的應(yīng)用研究鮮有報道。

本試驗研究表明，施用促生菌B.subtilisY-IVI及由其制得的微生物肥料BIO可提高香草蘭植株干重，促進(jìn)根系生長，以施用BIO促生效果最顯著，這與Zhao等[13]研究結(jié)果一致，表明B.subtilisY-IVI及其微生物肥料BIO可用于香草蘭生產(chǎn)，以減少化肥施用量，改善香草蘭生長狀況。

芽孢桿菌是土壤微生態(tài)的優(yōu)勢種群之一，能形成具有較強抗逆能力的芽孢，有利于其在生物有機肥的生產(chǎn)及土壤環(huán)境中存活、定殖與繁殖[21]。微生物在根際成功定殖是其產(chǎn)生有益作用的先決條件[22]。Cao等[23]將B.subtilisSQR9與有機肥經(jīng)固體發(fā)酵制得微生物有機肥，結(jié)果表明施用該肥料可顯著抑制尖孢鐮刀菌在根際土壤中的數(shù)量，降低黃瓜枯萎病發(fā)病率，其原因是B.subtilisSQR9可在植株根系及根際土壤穩(wěn)定定殖。Zhang等[24]研究結(jié)果表明，施用由B.subtilisN11制得的微生物肥料可有效防治香蕉枯萎病，主要因為B.subtilisN11可在香蕉植株根系形成生物膜，穩(wěn)定定殖于根系及根際土壤。Huang等[25]研究表明，施用由B.pumilusSQR-N43制得的微生物肥料20天后，B.pumilusSQR-N43在土壤中的數(shù)量并無顯著下降，仍維持在108cfu/g土，對黃瓜立枯病防治率達(dá)到68%，顯著高于施用普通有機肥的處理(9%)。Zhao等[12]盆栽試驗結(jié)果顯示，土壤接種B.subtilisY-IVI 30天后其在甜瓜根際土壤中的數(shù)量與接種時相比并未顯著降低，仍可達(dá)到108cfu/g土。本文結(jié)果顯示，土壤接種Y-IVI及施用微生物有機肥4個月后Y-IVI在香草蘭根際土壤中的數(shù)量為106cfu/g土，說明Y-IVI亦可穩(wěn)定定殖在香草蘭根際土壤對其生長起促進(jìn)作用。

部分微生物兼具促生和生防的作用。Ren等[26]研究指出，PaenibacilluspolymyxaC5可提高煙草植株干重，并可明顯降低煙草黑脛病發(fā)病率。施用由B.amyloliquefaciens制得的生物有機肥可提高植株干重，有效防治番茄青枯病[27]。Wang等[28]盆栽試驗結(jié)果顯示，施用由B.amyloliquefaciensW19制得的生物肥料可有效防治香蕉枯萎病，提高植株地上部及地下部干重。Zhao等[29]盆栽及大田試驗結(jié)果表明，施用由芽孢桿菌制得的微生物肥料后，甜瓜枯萎病發(fā)病率顯著降低，植株生物量及甜瓜產(chǎn)量顯著提高。本文結(jié)果表明，土壤接種Y-IVI及施用BIO的處理香草蘭根際土壤尖孢鐮刀菌數(shù)量顯著低于對照及施用普通有機肥的處理，Y-IVI及BIO對降低香草蘭根莖腐病有一定的作用。Y-IVI可產(chǎn)生脂肽類物質(zhì)抑制有害真菌尖孢鐮刀菌，改善土壤微生物環(huán)境，并可產(chǎn)生鐵載體，吲哚乙酸等促生類物質(zhì)促進(jìn)甜瓜生長[12-13]。由此可見，B.subtilisY-IVI可作為廣譜促生菌及生防菌應(yīng)用于香草蘭生產(chǎn)，以減少化肥施用量，促進(jìn)香草蘭生長，改善土壤微生物環(huán)境，緩解其種植中出現(xiàn)的植株長勢弱，連作生物障礙問題。筆者擬從Y-IVI是否可在香草蘭根際形成生物膜和分泌可調(diào)節(jié)植物生長的活性物質(zhì)等方面進(jìn)一步研究其作用機理。

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Beneficial effects of plant growth promoter rhizobacteria on vanilla (VanillaplanifoliaAmes.) growth

ZHAO Qing-yun1,3, ZHAO Qiu-fang1,2,3, WANG Hui1,3, WANG Hua1,2, ZHUANG Hui-fa1,2, ZHU Zi-hui1,3

(1InstituteofSpiceandBeverage,CATAS,Wanning,Hainan571533,China; 2KeyLaboratoryofGeneticResourcesUtilizationofSpiceandBeverageCrops,MinistryofAgriculture,Wanning,Hainan571533,China; 3HainanProvincialKeyLaboratoryofGeneticImprovementandQualityRegulationforTropicalSpiceandBeverageCrops,Wanning,Hainan571533,China)

【Objectives】Vanilla(VanillaplanifoliaAmes.) is one of tropical perennial crop. The elongation of growth period often leads to weak plant, reduced population of soil beneficial microbes, increased harmful microbes and unbalance of the soil microbial community structure. We hope this can provide theoretical basis for solving the problems of weak vanilla plant growth and continuous cropping biological obstacles. The main objectives of this study were to study the effect of one of recognized root growth promoter, rhizobacteriaBacillussubtilisY-IVI on ameliorate soil microbial community structure and the proper way of its application. 【Methods】 A solid fermented bioorganic fertilizer (BIO) was prepared by inoculatingBacillussubtilisY-IVI into cattle manure and fermented 5 days inside greenhouse, the final active Y-IVI content is 3 × 108cfu/g. A pot experiment in green house was carried out with chemical fertilizer as control, the effects of application of Y-IVI inocula, biofertilizer and cattle manure on the plant growth of both aboveground part and root were investigated Selective mediums method was used to study the colonization ability of Y-IVI in vanilla rhizosphere soil and their influence on the pathogen number of rhizome rot disease (Fusariumoxysporum). 【Results】 The application of BIO could obviously increase vanilla plant above ground and root dry weight by 63.1% and 59.4% compared with control, and significantly increased the plant above ground dry weight by 43.2% compared with cattle manure. The single application of Y-IVI binocular does not have the significant effect on plant above ground and root dry weight. The application of BIO significantly increases the average root diameter, root surface area and total root volume by 41.9%, 88.9% and 80.4%, compared with control, but not the total root length; root surface area and total root volume of BIO treatment were obviously increased by 41.9% and 30.8% compared with manure, respectively, while average root diameter merely increased by 10.1%; average root diameter of Y-IVI treatment was significantly increased by 25.5% compared with control, but root surface area and total root volume had no significant difference. Application of BIO and Y-IVI significantly decreased population ofFusariumoxysporumin rhizosphere soil by 52.2% and 41.8%, compared with control, respectively, and organic fertilizer treatment merely decreased by 10%; population of Y-IVI remained about 106cfu/g rhizosphere soil after application of BIO and Y-IVI 4 mouths. No Y-IVI was detected in organic fertilizer treatment and control. 【Conclusions】 Inoculation of Y-IVI solid fermented bio-organic fertilizer BIO could promote vanilla plant above ground and root growth, significantly decreaseF.oxysporumnumber in rhizosphere soil; Y-IVI can successfully colonize in rhizosphere soil to have sound effects on vanilla growth. The BIO can apply to vanilla culture to reduce chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer application, the number ofF.oxysporum, and decrease continuous cropping obstacles.

vanilla (VanillaplanifoliaAmes.); plant growth promotion rhizobacteria; bio-organic fertilizer;Fusariumoxysporum

2014-02-09 接受日期： 2014-09-23

國家自然科學(xué)青年基金項目(31201683)；海南省自然科學(xué)基金項目(312032)資助。

趙青云(1983—)，女，河南駐馬店人，博士，助理研究員，主要從事土壤微生物與生物肥料研究。E-mail: qingyun_022@163.com

S144; S573

A

1008-505X(2015)02-0535-06