臧 麗,張 娟,郭清華,曹鄧晗,楊國慶,金 楠,谷偉軍,陳 康,杜 錦,王先令,楊麗娟,巴建明,呂朝暉,竇京濤,母義明
1解放軍總醫(yī)院 內(nèi)分泌科,北京 100853;2河北省新樂市醫(yī)院,河北新樂 050700;3鄭州市第一人民醫(yī)院,河南鄭州 450004
臨床研究論著
89例垂體柄中斷綜合征患者垂體-甲狀腺軸激素特點(diǎn)分析
臧 麗1,張 娟2,郭清華1,曹鄧晗3,楊國慶1,金 楠1,谷偉軍1,陳 康1,杜 錦1,王先令1,楊麗娟1,巴建明1,呂朝暉1,竇京濤1,母義明1
1解放軍總醫(yī)院 內(nèi)分泌科,北京 100853;2河北省新樂市醫(yī)院,河北新樂 050700;3鄭州市第一人民醫(yī)院,河南鄭州 450004
目的分析垂體柄中斷綜合征(pituitary stalk interruption syndrome,PSIS)患者垂體-甲狀腺軸激素特點(diǎn)。方法回顧性分析解放軍總醫(yī)院自2000 - 2013年收治的89例PSIS患者垂體-甲狀腺軸激素特點(diǎn)。結(jié)果89例中71例(79.78%)發(fā)生中樞性甲減,血清促甲狀腺激素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)為(5.42±3.67) mU/L;18例甲狀腺功能正常,TSH為(3.66±1.50) mU/L。中樞性甲減患者中29例(40.85%)TSH高于正常[(8.79±3.17) mU/L],38例(53.53%)在正常范圍內(nèi)[(3.42±1.30) mU/L],4例(5.63%)低于正常范圍[(0.02±0.01) mU/L];TSH升高組血清游離T4 (serum free T4,F(xiàn)T4)較TSH正常組略低,但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[(7.90±1.38) pmol/L vs (8.08±1.42) pmol/L,P>0.05)]。中樞性甲減伴TSH升高患者行甲狀腺激素替代治療后TSH降至正常[(7.24±0.98) mU/L vs (1.67±1.51) mU/L]。PSIS患者TSH水平與垂體高度及垂體柄狀態(tài)不相關(guān)(P>0.05)。結(jié)論P(yáng)SIS所致中樞性甲減患者TSH升高比例更高,升高幅度更大。PSIS患者TSH升高與垂體柄的狀態(tài)及垂體前葉高度無關(guān),其原因可能為甲狀腺激素的反饋抑制作用減弱致使垂體TSH細(xì)胞分泌了無生物活性的TSH。
垂體柄中斷綜合征;中樞性甲減;促甲狀腺激素
垂體柄中斷綜合征(pituitary stalk inter-ruption syndrome,PSIS)是指由于遺傳因素導(dǎo)致垂體柄缺如合并垂體后葉異位,下丘腦分泌的激素不能通過垂體柄輸送到垂體所致的臨床系列征候群[1-2]。PSIS可以表現(xiàn)為單純生長激素缺乏,也可以表現(xiàn)為多種垂體前葉激素缺乏,而垂體后葉激素正常[3-4]。在臨床工作中,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)席漢綜合征、垂體瘤等疾病導(dǎo)致中樞性甲減患者的促甲狀腺激素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)多在正常范圍內(nèi),TSH升高的患者相對少見,而PSIS所致中樞性甲減的患者TSH高于正常范圍的比例明顯高于其他類型中樞性甲減的患者,有的患者TSH甚至超過10 mU/L,易誤診為原發(fā)性甲減。隨著對PSIS認(rèn)識的增加,關(guān)于該疾病臨床和內(nèi)分泌激素特征的總結(jié)報(bào)道也越來越多,但關(guān)于垂體-甲狀腺軸的激素特點(diǎn)及影響因素的探討尚不深入[5-6]。本研究通過分析89例PSIS患者垂體-甲狀腺軸激素特點(diǎn),進(jìn)一步提高臨床醫(yī)生對該疾病的認(rèn)識。
1 對象 解放軍總醫(yī)院2000 - 2013年通過MRI影像學(xué)檢查、垂體前葉功能評價(jià)以及臨床特征相符的PSIS患者共89例。
2 方法 收集所有患者的臨床特征。PSIS患者中血清FT4水平<10.4 pmol/L(正常范圍10.4 ~ 24.3 pmol/L)定義為PSIS相關(guān)性中樞性甲減。胰島素樣生長因子-1(insulin-like growth factor-1,IGF-1)和低血糖興奮試驗(yàn)、吡啶斯的明興奮試驗(yàn)、精氨酸興奮試驗(yàn)評估垂體-生長激素軸功能;睪酮、雌二醇基礎(chǔ)值和促性腺激素釋放激素(gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH)興奮試驗(yàn)評估垂體-性腺軸功能;促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素(adrenocorticotropic hormone,ACTH)、皮質(zhì)醇基礎(chǔ)值和低血糖興奮試驗(yàn)評估垂體-腎上腺軸功能。垂體磁共振掃描+動態(tài)增強(qiáng)評估患者的垂體高度及垂體柄狀態(tài)。垂體MRI顯示垂體柄纖細(xì)或缺如、垂體前葉發(fā)育不良、垂體后葉高信號異位同時(shí)伴有一種或多種垂體前葉激素缺乏定義為PSIS。
3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 所有數(shù)據(jù)均用SPSS17.0軟件分析,計(jì)量數(shù)據(jù)用表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),影響因素預(yù)測采用Logistic回歸分析,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
1 一般資料 89例PSIS患者中男性79例,女性10例,平均年齡(20.46±6.09)歲。多數(shù)患者因生長發(fā)育遲緩就診,平均身高(147.63±16.31) cm,平均體質(zhì)量(45.46±16.23) kg。所有患者均伴有生長激素缺乏;促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素缺乏患者67例,占75.28%;促性腺激素缺乏患者77例,占86.52%。患者均為非近親結(jié)婚,足月分娩,均無家族史。
2 PSIS患者垂體-甲狀腺軸激素特點(diǎn) 89例PSIS患者中71例(79.78%)發(fā)生中樞性甲減,18例(20.22%)甲狀腺功能正常,但FT4在正常低限。中樞性甲減患者的TSH均值高于甲狀腺功能正常的患者(P<0.05) (表1)。中樞性甲減的PSIS患者中29例(40.85%) TSH高于正常范圍,38例(53.53%) TSH在正常范圍內(nèi)(平均水平高于正常中線值),僅4例TSH水平低于正常。TSH升高組FT4較TSH正常組略低,但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(表2)。中樞性甲減伴TSH升高患者行甲狀腺激素替代治療后TSH降至正常[(7.24±0.98) mU/L vs (1.67±1.51) mU/L]。見圖1。3 PSIS患者TSH水平相關(guān)因素分析 以TSH升高為因變量,垂體前葉高度和垂體柄狀態(tài)為自變量,行Logistic回歸分析,結(jié)果未提示垂體前葉高度和垂體柄狀態(tài)與TSH水平相關(guān)(P>0.05)。
表1 89例PSIS患者垂體-甲狀腺軸激素特點(diǎn)Tab. 1 Characteristics of thyrotrophic axis in 89 PSIS patients ()
表1 89例PSIS患者垂體-甲狀腺軸激素特點(diǎn)Tab. 1 Characteristics of thyrotrophic axis in 89 PSIS patients ()
aP < 0.05, vs FT4 ↓
表2 71例中樞性甲減PSIS患者垂體-甲狀腺軸激素特點(diǎn)Tab. 2 Characteristics of thyrotrophic axis in 71 PSIS patients with central hypothyroidism ()
表2 71例中樞性甲減PSIS患者垂體-甲狀腺軸激素特點(diǎn)Tab. 2 Characteristics of thyrotrophic axis in 71 PSIS patients with central hypothyroidism ()
aP>0.05, vs TSH↑
圖 1 中樞性甲減PSIS患者甲狀腺激素替代前后TSH變化Fig. 1 Changes of TSH in PSIS patients with central hypothyroidism before and after thyroid hormone replacement
PSIS是近幾年隨著影像學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展而被大家逐漸認(rèn)知的一種少見病,其典型影像學(xué)特征為垂體柄纖細(xì)或缺如,垂體前葉發(fā)育不良,垂體后葉異位。PSIS可以僅表現(xiàn)為生長激素缺乏,也可以表現(xiàn)為多種垂體前葉激素缺乏,而垂體后葉功能不受影響。郭清華等[7]的報(bào)道顯示,PSIS男性多發(fā),多數(shù)患者為臀位產(chǎn),主要就診原因?yàn)樯L遲緩和第二性征發(fā)育不良;伴有3種以上垂體前葉激素缺乏的患者高達(dá)92.7%,生長激素、促性腺激素、促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素、促甲狀腺激素缺乏的比例分別為100%、95.8%、81.8%和76.3%,所有患者的垂體后葉功能均正常;垂體MRI顯示平均垂體前葉高度為28 mm,垂體柄纖細(xì)或缺如。
中樞性甲減是由于下丘腦或垂體病變引起的促甲狀腺激素釋放激素(thyrotropin releasing hormore,TRH)或者TSH產(chǎn)生和分泌減少所致的甲減,中樞性甲減患者的TSH可以降低,也可以正常,甚至升高[8-9]。Alexopoulou等[10]曾報(bào)道大部分中樞性甲減患者的TSH在正常范圍內(nèi),8%的患者TSH降低,8%的患者TSH升高,但升高的患者TSH絕對值一般不超過10 mU/L。本組PSIS所致中樞性甲減患者中TSH升高比例高達(dá)40.85%,且平均值為(8.79±3.17) mU/L,其升高的比例及幅度遠(yuǎn)大于前述文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的其他原因所致中樞性甲減,結(jié)合本組資料分析可能原因如下:1)垂體柄與垂體前葉發(fā)育狀態(tài):垂體TSH細(xì)胞分泌TSH受下丘腦所分泌TRH的影響,當(dāng)垂體柄中斷時(shí),下丘腦分泌的TRH無法通過門脈系統(tǒng)到達(dá)垂體,刺激垂體TSH細(xì)胞分泌TSH,因此我們設(shè)想垂體柄的狀態(tài),垂體柄纖細(xì)還是完全中斷會影響患者的TSH水平;垂體前葉是多種內(nèi)分泌激素的起源部位,垂體發(fā)育欠佳時(shí)垂體前葉激素的分泌會受影響,TSH亦不例外[11]。TRH興奮試驗(yàn)有助于鑒別PSIS致中樞性甲減的病變來源于垂體柄還是垂體前葉[10]。垂體性甲減時(shí)TSH對TRH刺激無反應(yīng),而下丘腦性甲減時(shí)TSH對TRH刺激反應(yīng)正常。PSIS患者既有垂體柄中斷又有垂體發(fā)育不良,兩者中哪個(gè)更占優(yōu)勢目前尚不清楚,TRH興奮試驗(yàn)有助于鑒別,但目前國內(nèi)無TRH應(yīng)用于臨床,限制了該實(shí)驗(yàn)的開展,因此不能以此來鑒別病變來源。為此我們用Logistic回歸分析評估TSH升高與垂體柄狀態(tài)及垂體前葉高度之間的相關(guān)性。但本組資料Logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,TSH升高與垂體柄狀態(tài)及垂體前葉高徑不相關(guān)。2)甲狀腺激素的反饋抑制作用:TSH的分泌除受TRH的調(diào)控外,另外一個(gè)重要的調(diào)控因素就是甲狀腺激素的負(fù)反饋?zhàn)饔?。本組資料顯示,PSIS患者中甲減患者的TSH明顯高于甲狀腺功能正常的患者;在中樞性甲減的患者中40.85%的患者TSH升高,且TSH升高組FT4較TSH正常組略低,即在PSIS患者中FT4越低,TSH就越高,提示甲狀腺激素對TSH的負(fù)反饋?zhàn)饔迷赥SH分泌中起了至關(guān)重要的作用。PSIS伴中樞性甲減的患者行甲狀腺激素替代治療后TSH均能降至正常范圍,也驗(yàn)證了這一假設(shè)。3)無生物活性的TSH:伴TSH升高的中樞性甲減患者的甲減狀態(tài)并未因TSH升高而得到相應(yīng)改善,提示檢測到血液中的部分TSH無生物活性,可能是因?yàn)榧谞钕偌に販p少后,垂體TSH細(xì)胞代償性地大量分泌TSH,因合成時(shí)間短、數(shù)量大,在TSH的合成過程中發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤,導(dǎo)致無生物活性的TSH分泌至血液中。
綜上所述,PSIS所致中樞性甲減患者TSH升高的比例及幅度均大于文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的其他原因所致的中樞性甲減。PSIS患者TSH的升高與垂體柄的狀態(tài)及垂體前葉高度無關(guān),其可能原因?yàn)榧谞钕偌に氐姆答佉种谱饔脺p弱而致使垂體TSH細(xì)胞分泌了無生物活性的TSH。
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Characteristics of pituitary-thyroid axis in patients with pituitary stalk interruption syndrome: An analysis of 89 cases
ZANG Li1, ZHANG Juan2, GUO Qinghua1, CAO Denghan3, YANG Guoqing1, JIN Nan1, GU Weijun1, CHEN Kang1, DU Jin1, WANG Xianling1, YANG Lijuan1, BA Jianming1, LYU Zhaohui1, DOU Jingtao1, MU Yiming1
1Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;2Department of Endocrinology, Xinle Hospital of Hebei Province, Xinle 050700, Hebei Province, China;3Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450004, Henan Province, China
MU Yiming. Email: muyiming@301hospital.com.cn
ObjectiveTo analyze the characteristics of thyrotrophic axis and the influencing factors in patients with pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS).MethodsClinical data about 89 patients with PSIS admitted to Chinese PLA General Hospital from 2000 to 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsOf the 89 patients, 71 patients (79.78%) were diagnosed with central hypothyroidism based on FT4 levels lower than 10.4 pmol/L with the TSH level of 5.42±3.67 mU/L. The FT4 levels in the remaining 18 patients with no central hypothyroidism were close to the lower limit of reference range and the TSH was 3.66±1.50 mU/L. Of the 71 central hypothyroidism patients, TSH level in 29 patients (40.85%) was higher than 5.5 mU/L with a mean±SD of 8.79±3.17 mU/L, 38 patients (53.53%) was in the normal range with a mean±SD of 8.79±3.17 mU/L and 4 patients (5.63%) was lower than the normal level with a mean ±SD of 0.02±0.01 mU/L. The FT4 levels of the higher TSH group were slightly higher than that of normal TSH group, but there was no differences in statistics (7.90±1.38 pmol/L vs 8.08±1.42 pmol/L, P>0.05). Elevated TSH level in the PSIS patients with central hypothyroidism decreased to normal after hormone replacement therapy (7.24±0.98 mU/ L vs 1.67±1.51 mU/L). TSH Level had no relationship with pituitary height and pituitary stalk (P>0.05).ConclusionThe ratio and amplitude of elevated TSH in PSIS induced central hypothyroidism patients are higher than that of the other causes of central hypothyroidism. The TSH level in PSIS patients is independent of the height of anterior pituitary and status of pituitary stalk, the possible reason is reduced thyroid hormone feedback inhibition stimulated the secretion of TSH with no biological activity.
pituitary stalk interruption syndrome; central hypothyroidism; thyroid stimulating hormone
R 581
A
2095-5227(2015)01-0053-03
10.3969/j.issn.2095-5227.2015.01.018
時(shí)間:2014-11-14 18:38
http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.3275.R.20141114.1838.001.html
2014-07-28
國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(81370871)
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81370871)
臧麗,女,博士,主治醫(yī)師。Email: zangli301@163.com;共同第一作者:張娟,女,本科,醫(yī)師。Email: 68466463@qq.com
母義明,男,主任醫(yī)師,教授,博士生導(dǎo)師。Email: mu yiming@301hospital.com.cn