牟愛珍,李衍森,紀凡層△
(濰坊市人民醫(yī)院:1.麻醉科;2.檢驗科,山東濰坊 261041)
血氣分析中動脈血和中心靜脈血電解質(zhì)指標的相關(guān)性研究
牟愛珍1,李衍森2,紀凡層1△
(濰坊市人民醫(yī)院:1.麻醉科;2.檢驗科,山東濰坊 261041)
目的分析血氣分析中動脈血和中心靜脈血電解質(zhì)指標的相關(guān)性。方法選取擬行中心靜脈穿刺和橈動脈穿刺的麻醉患者72例,在全身麻醉誘導后10 min分別抽取動脈血和中心靜脈血,使用GEM Premier 3000血氣分析儀進行血氣分析,對Na+、K+、Ca2+濃度的測定值進行相關(guān)性分析。結(jié)果動脈血中Na+:(138.81±2.40)mmol/L,靜脈血中Na+:(139.90±2.39)mmol/L,兩者比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.01);動脈血中K+:(3.92±0.42)mmol/L,靜脈血中K+:(3.93±0.39)mmol/L,兩者比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.01);動脈血中Ca2+:(1.30±0.04)mmol/L,靜脈血中Ca2+:(1.32±0.05)mmol/L,兩者比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.01)。結(jié)論動脈血和中心靜脈脈血血氣分析中測定的Na+、Ca2+的離子濃度有明顯差異,中心靜脈血濃度略高于動脈血,而K+的濃度無明顯差異。
動脈血氣分析; 靜脈血氣分析; 鈉離子; 鉀離子; 鈣離子
隨著危重、復雜手術(shù)患者的增多,手術(shù)實施過程中常常需要行動脈血氣分析來判斷機體的氧供等情況。在行血氣分析時同時能夠測定部分離子濃度,判斷機體的內(nèi)環(huán)境情況。但對于動脈血和中心靜脈血測得的離子濃度有無區(qū)別,是否存在相關(guān)性,尚無明確報道。本研究對手術(shù)過程中同一時刻抽取的動脈血和中心靜脈血分別行血氣分析,得出離子濃度并進行相關(guān)性分析,旨在為臨床醫(yī)生提供參考。
1.1 一般資料 選取擇期擬在全身麻醉下行腹部大手術(shù)的患者72例,年齡52~74歲,ASAI-Ⅲ級,排除術(shù)前電解質(zhì)、血常規(guī)異?;颊?。本研究獲得了醫(yī)院倫理委員會批準,并且與患者或家屬簽署知情同意書。
1.2 方法 入室后建立中心靜脈、橈動脈通路,輸液開始用乳酸鈉林格氏液,速度為1 000 m L/h。麻醉誘導氣管插管后實施機械通氣,潮氣量為10 m L/kg,呼吸頻率為12次/分,吸呼比為1∶2,吸入氣中的氧濃度分數(shù)(FiO2)=1.0,維持呼氣末CO235~45 mm Hg。誘導10 min后,用0.2%肝素注射液沖管后的空針分別抽取動、靜脈全血1 m L。即刻采用GEM Premier 3000血氣分析儀(美國IL公司)進行血氣分析,嚴格按照監(jiān)測儀提供的吸入氧濃度、溫度、血液類別輸入分析儀。選取Na+,K+,Ca2+的測定值進行相關(guān)性分析。動脈血標本設(shè)為A組,中心靜脈血標本設(shè)為V組。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學處理 采用SPSS19.0進行統(tǒng)計分析。測得的離子濃度采用±s表示,組間比較采用t檢驗,P<0.01為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。將動脈血測得的離子濃度設(shè)為X,靜脈血相應離子濃度設(shè)為X,推導相應的直線回歸方程。
2.1 動脈血和靜脈血Na+離子濃度的相關(guān)性分析 A組Na+:(138.81±2.40)mmol/L,V組Na+:(139.90±2.39)mmol/L,兩者比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P=0.008 7<0.01)。直線回歸方程為Y=0.825X+25.393,相關(guān)系數(shù):r2=0.682,見圖1。
2.2 動脈血和靜脈血K+離子濃度的相關(guān)性分析 A組K+:(3.92±0.42)mmol/L,V組K+:(3.93±0.39)mmol/L,兩者比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P=0.727 0>0.01),直線回歸方程為Y=0.807X+0.762,回歸系數(shù):r2=0.754,見圖2。
2.3 動脈血和靜脈血Ca2+離子濃度的相關(guān)性分析 A組
Ca2+:(1.30±0.04)mmol/L,V組Ca2+:(1.32±0.05)mmol/
L,兩者比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P=0.000 5<0.01),直線回歸方程為Y=1.047 1X-0.038 0,回歸系數(shù):r2=0.780,見圖3。
麻醉過程中常常抽取動脈血或者中性靜脈血行血氣分析,血氣分析報告中有Na+、K+、Ca2+的濃度數(shù)據(jù),此數(shù)據(jù)是否可以用于診斷電解質(zhì)情況,尚無明確定論。對于動脈血和靜脈血離子濃度的相關(guān)性及差異,國內(nèi)外有很多研究[1-8]。大部分是動脈全血和外周或者中心靜脈血清對比[9],不同生化分析儀會得到不同的結(jié)果[10],結(jié)論具有較大的差異。因為液體肝素鈉的稀釋和結(jié)合作用對測定值有一定的影響[11]。本研究選取同一時點和同一機器進行測定,避免了機體變化和不同儀器對測定值的影響。抽取血樣后隔絕空氣立即檢測,避免了血樣保存時間過長對離子濃度的影響,因此本研究獲得的數(shù)據(jù)可靠性要優(yōu)于其他研究。生化分析儀采用的是間接電極法,GEM Premier 3000血氣分析儀采用的是直接電極法,與生化分析儀相比Na+、K+、Ca2+的測定值偏低。
本研究表明,靜脈血中Na+、Ca2+濃度的統(tǒng)計學分析顯示均明顯高于動脈血,但此濃度的差異不會給臨床處理帶來明顯不同的處理方法,因此在實際應用中可以忽略其不同。動脈血和靜脈血中的K+離子濃度無明顯差異,因此可以使用動脈血氣分析中的K+濃度代替靜脈血K+濃度。動脈血和靜脈血產(chǎn)生差異的原因可能為體內(nèi)血氣分壓的改變,如PCO2、PO2、p H值等因素和代謝因素均可影響體內(nèi)離子濃度[12-18]。
綜上所述,動脈血和中心靜脈血氣分析中測定的Na+、Ca2+的離子濃度有差異,但具有明顯的相關(guān)性,中心靜脈血的離子濃度略高于動脈血;而K+的濃度無明顯差異。動脈血和中心靜脈血離子濃度的差異值得臨床醫(yī)生關(guān)注,以便更準確地進行診斷和用藥。
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Evaluation of the correlation of ion concentration between arterial and central venous blood gas values in patients
Mu Aizhen1,Li Yansen2,Ji Fanceng1△
(1.Department of anesthesiology;2.Department of Clinical Laboratory,Weifang People's Hospital,Weifang,Shandong 261041,China)
ObjectiveTo study the correlation between ion concentrations of arterial and central venous blood in blood gas analysis.MethodsThis prospective study was performed in 72 patients with a central venous catheter and an artery catheter.A central venous blood sample and an artery blood sample were obtained at the same time after 10 minutes′anesthesia induction.Correlation analysis of the ion concentrations such as Na+,K+,Ca2+between those in arterial and central venous blood were performed.The ion concentrations were determined by using GEM Premier 3000 Blood Gas Analysis System.ResultsThe concentration value of Na+in artery blood was(138.81±2.40)mmol/L and in central venous blood was(139.90±2.39)mmol/L,there was significant difference between them(P<0.01).The concentration value of K+in artery blood was(3.92±0.42)mmol/L and in central venous blood was(3.93±0.39)mmol/L,which were not significantly different(P>0.01).The values of Ca2+in artery blood was(1.30± 0.04)mmol/L and in central venous blood was(1.32±0.05)mmol/L,which were significantly different(P<0.01).Conclusion
There is significant difference between Na+,Ca2+concentrations in arterial blood gas analysis and those in central venous blood gas analysis,central venous blood is relatively higher than artery blood,while no statistically significant difference is observed for K+concentration.
arterial blood gas analysis; central venous blood gas analysis; sodium; kalium; calcium
10.3969/j.issn.1673-4130.2015.17.031
A
1673-4130(2015)17-2529-02
2015-04-22)
牟愛珍,女,醫(yī)師,主要從事臨床檢驗基礎(chǔ)的研究?!?/p>
,E-mail:jifanceng@163.com。