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        伊朗Semnan省姬蜂科(膜翅目)昆蟲區(qū)系研究

        2015-03-18 09:06:10HassanGHAHARI
        武夷科學(xué) 2015年0期
        關(guān)鍵詞:區(qū)系伊朗

        Hassan GHAHARI

        (Department of Plant Protection, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Branch,

        Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)

        Received: 2015-07-22; Published: 2015-10-31

        Author: Hassan Ghahari, Email: hghahari@yahoo.com

        Ghahari H.2015.A faunistic study on Ichneumonidae(Hymenoptera)from Semnan province,Iran.武夷科學(xué),31:34-42.

        伊朗Semnan省姬蜂科(膜翅目)昆蟲區(qū)系研究

        Hassan GHAHARI

        (DepartmentofPlantProtection,Yadegar-e-ImamKhomeini(RAH)Branch,

        IslamicAzadUniversity,Tehran,Iran)

        摘要:本文研究了伊朗Semnan省的姬蜂科昆蟲區(qū)系,采集和鑒定了Alomyinae亞科(1種)、Anomaloninae亞科(1種)、Cremastinae亞科(1種)、Cryptinae亞科(5種)、Ctenopelmatinae亞科(2種)、Ichneumoninae亞科(5種)、Phuridinae亞科(1種)、Tersilochinae亞科(1種)和Tryphoninae亞科(4種)的21種。

        關(guān)鍵詞:膜翅目;姬蜂科;區(qū)系;Semnan省;伊朗

        1Introduction

        Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) is a large family of parasitic wasps with 24 281 described species in 1 538 genera at world level (Yuetal., 2012), but the estimation is over 100 000 species (Gauld, 2000). These insects are powerful natural enemies of agricultural and forest pests and have important role in biological control of insect pests (Turnocketal., 1976; Gupta, 1988; Wahl, 1993). The catalogue of Iranian Ichneumonidae has been published by Kolarov and Ghahari (2005), they recorded 144 species belonging to 65 genera and 14 subfamilies. After that, many other works were published (e.g. Kolarov & Ghahari, 2005; Masnadi, 2006; Kolarov & Ghahari, 2006; Kolarov & Ghahari, 2007; Kolarov & Ghahari, 2008; Masnadi & Jussila 2008; Masnadi & Jussila, 2009; Zarepouretal., 2009; Ghahari & Jussila, 2010a, b; Akbarzadeh, 2011; Ghahari & Jussila, 2011), most data are given in the checklist done by Barahoeietal. (2012) with 502 species belonging to 189 genera and 24 subfamilies. Latter, other authors (Ghahari, 2012; Mohammadi Khoramabadietal., 2013; Ghahari & Jussila, 2014a, b, 2015; Barahoeietal., 2014a, b, 2015, etc.) have made contributions to the Iranian fauna. The aim of this paper is the faunistic study on the ichneumonids from some regions of the Semnan province.

        2Materials and Methods

        The specimens were collected by Malaise traps and sweeping nets from some regions (Damghan, Garmsar, Semnan, Shahmirzad and Shahrud) of Semnan province in different seasons of 2011. Semnan province covers an area of 96 816 square kilometers and stretches along the Alborz mountain range and borders to Dasht-e Kavir desert in its southern parts. The province is divided into two parts: a mountainous region, and the plains at the foot of the mountains. In this paper, classification, nomenclature and distribution data were taken from Yuetal. (2012).

        3Results

        Totally 21 ichneumonid species from 21 genera (Aderaeon Townes, Agrothereutes F?rster, Agrypon F?rster, Barytarbes F?rster, Colpognathus Wesmael, Cryptus Fabricius, Diaparsis F?rster, Diphyus Kriechbaumer, Erromenus Holmgren, Ichneumon Linneaus, Idiolispa F?rster, Lathrolestes F?rster, Mesoleptus Gravenhorst, Netelia Gray, Phaestacoenitus Smits van Burgst, Pristomerus Curtis, Thrybius Townes, Trichomma Wesmael, Tryphon Fallén, Virgichneumon Heinrich, and Vulgichneumon Heinrich) were collected and identified from some regions of Semnan province. Four species Trichomma enecator (Rossi, 1790), Agrypon flexorium (Thunberg, 1822), Thrybius praedator (Rossi, 1792), and Diaparsis (Nanodiaparsis) frontella (Holmgren, 1860) are new records for the fauna of Iran. The list of species with distribution data is given below.

        Subfamily Alomyinae Forster, 1869

        GenusTrichommaWesmael, 1849

        Trichommaenecator(Rossi, 1790), new record for Iran

        Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahrud (Jangal-e Abr), 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 1♀, 21 June 2011.

        Distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Islands, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, former Yugoslavia.

        Subfamily Anomaloninae Viereck, 1918

        GenusAgryponF?rster, 1860

        Agryponflexorium(Thunberg, 1822), new record for Iran

        Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahrud (Jangal-e Abr), 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 1♀, 22 June 2011.

        Distribution: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, Uzbekistan.

        Subfamily Cremastinae Foerster, 1869

        GenusPristomerusCurtis, 1836

        PristomerushorribilisNarolsky, 1987

        Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Damghan, 35°30′ N 54°20′ E, 1♂, 5-6 August 2011.

        Distribution: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Iran, Poland, Slovakia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine.

        Subfamily Cryptinae Kirby, 1837

        GenusAgrothereutesF?rster, 1850

        Agrothereutesparvulus(Habermehl, 1926)

        Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Garmsar, 35°00′ N 52°20′ E, 2♀, 17 April 2011.

        Distribution: Bulgaria, France, Iran, Poland, Spain, Turkey.

        GenusCryptusFabricius, 1804

        CryptusdianaeGravenhorst, 1829

        Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahrud, 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 1♀, 1♂, 24 June 2011; Damghan, 35°30′ N 54°20′ E, 1♀, 5-6 August 2011.

        Distribution outside Iran: Afghanistan, Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Egypt, Eritrea, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK.

        GenusIdiolispaF?rster, 1869

        Idiolispaanalis(Gravenhorst, 1807)

        Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Garmsar, 35°00′ N 52°20′ E, 1♀, 17 April 2011; Shahmirzad, 35°42′ N 53°21′ E, 2♀, 19 June 2011.

        Distribution: Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, USA, UK.

        GenusMesoleptusGravenhorst, 1829

        Mesoleptusincessor(Haliday, 1839)

        Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Damghan, 35°30′ N 54°20′ E, 2♂, 5-6 August 2011.

        Distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK.

        GenusThrybiusTownes, 1965

        Thrybiuspraedator(Rossi, 1792), new record for Iran

        Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahrud (Jangal-e Abr), 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 3♀, 22 June 2011.

        Distribution: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, UK.

        Subfamily Ctenopelmatinae F?rster, 1869

        GenusBarytarbesF?rster, 1869

        Barytarbessuperbus(Schmiedeknecht, 1914)

        Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Semnan, 35°20′ N 53°20′ E, 1♀, 20 June 2011.

        Distribution: Algeria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, former Yugoslavia.

        GenusLathrolestesF?rster, 1869

        Lathrolestesensator(Brauns)

        Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahrud, 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 1♂, 23 June 2011.

        Distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Germany, Iran, Netherlands, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK.

        Subfamily Ichneumoninae Latreille, 1802

        GenusColpognathusWesmael, 1845

        ColpognathusceleratorGravenhorst, 1844

        Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahrud (Jangal-e Abr), 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 1♀, 21 June 2011; Semnan, 35°20′ N 53°20′ E, 2♀,exofOstrinianubilalisHübner (Lepidoptera: Pyraiistidae), 20 June 2011.

        Distribution: Andorra, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, former Yugoslavia.

        GenusDiphyusKriechbaumer, 1890

        Diphyusquadripunctorius(Müller, 1776)

        Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahrud (Jangal-e Abr), 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 1♀, 21 June 2011.

        Distribution: Algeria, Andorra, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, former Yugoslavia.

        GenusIchneumonLinneaus, 1758

        IchneumoncaedatorGravenhorst, 1829

        Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahrud (Jangal-e Abr), 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 2♀, 22 June 2011; Damghan, 35°30′ N 54°20′ E, 1♀, 5-6 August 2011.

        Distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, former Yugoslavia.

        GenusVirgichneumonHeinrich, 1977

        Virgichneumonalbosignatus(Gravenhorst, 1893)

        Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahrud, 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 2♀, 24 June 2011; Damghan, 35°30′ N 54°20′ E, 1♂, 5-6 August 2011.

        Distribution: Afghanistan, Andorra, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK.

        GenusVulgichneumonHeinrich, 1962

        Vulgichneumonsuavis(Gravenhorst, 1820)

        Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahrud (Jangal-e Abr), 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 1♂, 22 June 2011.

        Distribution: Andorra, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Tunisia, Ukraine, UK, former Yugoslavia.

        Subfamily Phuridinae Townes & Townes, 1949

        GenusPhaestacoenitusSmits van Burgst, 1913

        Phaestacoenitusnigernitidus Kasparyan, 1983

        Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Garmsar, 35°00′ N 52°20′ E, 1♀, 17 April 2011.

        Distribution: Caucasus, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Turkey.

        Subfamily Tersilochinae Schmiedeknecht, 1910

        GenusDiaparsisF?rster, 1869

        Diaparsis(Nanodiaparsis)frontella(Holmgren, 1860), new record for Iran

        Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahrud (Jangal-e Abr), 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 2♀, 21 June 2011.

        Distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, UK.

        Subfamily Tryphoninae Shuckard, 1840

        GenusAderaeonTownes, 1949

        AderaeonhamatumKasparyan, 1971

        Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahmirzad, 35°42′ N 53°21′ E, 1♀, 18 June 2011; Shahrud, 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 2♀, 23 June 2011.

        Distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine.

        GenusErromenusHolmgren, 1855

        Erromenusplebejus(Woldstedt, 1877)

        Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Semnan, 35°20′ N 53°20′ E, 1♀, 2♂, 20 June 2011; Shahmirzad, 35°42′ N 53°21′ E, 1♀, 19 June 2011.

        Distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Iran, Korea, Moldova, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, UK.

        GenusNeteliaGray, 1860

        Neteliafuscicornis(Holmgren, 1860)

        Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahrud (Jangal-e Abr), 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 1♀, 1♂, 22 June 2011.

        Distribution: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Nepal, Netherlands, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia & Montenegro, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia.

        GenusTryphonFallén, 1813

        Tryphon(Tryphon)psilosagatorAubert, 1966

        Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahrud, 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 2♀, September 2011.

        Distribution: Bulgaria, France, Greece, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine, Turkey, Ukraine.

        4Discussion

        Upon the results of this research and also other work on the ichneumonids of Semnan province (Ghahari, 2012) with 15 species, the fauna of Ichneumonidae in Semnan province seems diverse. Of course, samplings were done in some regions of the province and so we expect several other species when other areas are sampled. Since these beneficial insects have an efficient role in biological control of agricultural and forest pests, continuing the faunistic surveys is necessary for determining their distribution and especially their hosts in different regions of Iran. Biological control distinguishes itself from all other forms of pest control by acting in a density-dependent manner; natural enemies increase in intensity and destroy a larger portion of the population as the density of that population increases, and vice-versa (De Bach and Rosen, 1991; Altierietal., 1997). Although the fauna of Iranian Ichneumonidae was studied rather well, most the faunistic works were done on the basis of collecting adult wasps by sweeping nets and Malaise traps and in this case the hosts of parasitoids are unknown. Therefore, determining ichneumonids' hosts is necessary upon the rearing of different hosts in optimum condition.

        Acknowledgement

        The author is grateful to R. Jussila (University of Turku, Finland), N.S. Gadallah (University of Cairo, Egypt) and E. Ruiz-Cancino (Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, México) for confirming some materials and editing the manuscript, H. Naderian and H. Saedi (M. Sc. students of Garmsar Islamic Azad University) for their cooperation during the samplings, J. Huang (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China) for preparing the manuscript for publishing. This research was supported by Islamic Azad University (Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Branch).

        References

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        Ghahari H,Jussila R.2014a.A faunistic study on the Ichneumonidae(Hymenoptera:Ichneumonoidea)from the west of Iran.Linzer biologische Beitr?ge,46/2:1373-1377.

        Ghahari H,Jussila R.2014b.A study on the subfamily Ichneumoninae(Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae)from Khorasan province,Iran.Linzer biologische Beitr?ge,46/2:1367-1371.

        Ghahari H,Jussila R.2015.Faunistic notes on the Ichneumonid wasps(Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae)in alfalfa fields in some regions of Iran.Entomofauna,36(12):185-192.

        Gupta S.1988.New distributional records for Ichneumoninae(Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae)for the Indo-Australian area.Oriental Insects,22:301-357.

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        Kolarov J,Ghahari H.2006.A study of the Iranian Ichneumonidae(Hymenoptera):I.Pimplinae and Tryphoninae.Zoology in the Middle East,38:63-68.

        Kolarov J,Ghahari H.2007.A study of the Iranian Ichneumonidae(Hymenoptera):II.Brachycyrtinae and Cryptinae.Zoology in the Middle East,42:79-82.

        Kolarov J,Ghahari H.2008.A study of the Iranian Ichneumonidae(Hymenoptera)III.Ichneumoninae.Acta entomologica serbica,13(1/2):61-76.

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        (責(zé)任編輯:陳曉雯)

        A faunistic study on Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) from

        Semnan province, Iran

        Hassan GHAHARI

        (DepartmentofPlantProtection,Yadegar-e-ImamKhomeini(RAH)Branch,

        IslamicAzadUniversity,Tehran,Iran)

        Abstract:The fauna of ichneumonid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from some regions of the Semnan province was studied in this paper. In total, 21 species from the subfamilies Alomyinae (1), Anomaloninae (1), Cremastinae (1), Cryptinae (5), Ctenopelmatinae (2), Ichneumoninae (5), Phuridinae (1), Tersilochinae (1) and Tryphoninae (4) were collected and identified.

        Key words:Hymenoptera; Ichneumonidae; fauna; Semnan; Iran

        中圖分類號:Q969.54

        文獻標(biāo)識碼:A

        文章編號:1001-4276-(2015)01-0034-09

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