動(dòng)物學(xué)

不同濃度葡聚糖硫酸鈉對(duì)小鼠炎癥性腸病模型建立及其致病相關(guān)免疫因子表達(dá)的影響

李欣，武文卿，張卓超，等

目的：探討飲用不同濃度的葡聚糖硫酸鈉（dextran sulfate sodium，DSS）對(duì)于建立小鼠炎癥性腸病（inflammatory bowel disease，IBD）模型及其致病相關(guān)免疫因子表達(dá)的影響。方法：雄性C57BL/6J小鼠隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和不同濃度的DSS飲用組（3%、5%、7%）。觀察小鼠的大便性狀，體重和生存時(shí)間。飲用后的第6天處死各組小鼠，觀察結(jié)腸大體形態(tài)并評(píng)分；取病變處進(jìn)行石蠟包埋病理切片，蘇木素伊紅染色并進(jìn)行病理組織學(xué)評(píng)分；定量PCR檢測(cè)各組脾細(xì)胞免疫因子表達(dá)情況。結(jié)果：飲用3%、5%、7%濃度DSS的小鼠在第6天均有不同程度潰瘍形成，成模率隨著DSS濃度提升而增加，但是小鼠死亡率也相應(yīng)增加。定量PCR結(jié)果表明促炎因子（TNF-α、IFN-γ和IL-17A）的表達(dá)水平與DSS濃度成正相關(guān)，而抑炎因子（IL-4和IL-10）以及調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞相關(guān)的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子Foxp3的表達(dá)水平與DSS濃度成負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。結(jié)論：給予小鼠5%濃度的DSS溶液飲用有助于高效經(jīng)濟(jì)地建立小鼠IBD模型，為進(jìn)一步研究IBD的發(fā)病機(jī)理、生物學(xué)特性、干預(yù)因素等打下了重要基礎(chǔ)。

葡聚糖硫酸鈉；炎癥性腸病；小鼠模型

來(lái)源出版物：中國(guó)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物學(xué)報(bào), 2015, 23(4): 336-341聯(lián)系郵箱：寧守斌，ning-shoubin@163.com

來(lái)源出版物：Current Zoology, 2015, 61(4): 569-577聯(lián)系郵箱：Jacopo P. MORTOLA, jacopo.mortola@mcgill.ca

封面介紹：Many aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals of medium and large size when resting ashore or at the water surface breathe with a low frequencyfby comparison to terrestrial mammals of the same body size. From a gathering of literature data, it appears that such difference does not apply to heart rate (HR). Therefore, their HR-f ratio can be much higher than in terrestrial mammals of similar body mass. The results agree with the possibility that the low frequency of aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals may have evolved for a non-respiratory function, namely the regulation of buoyancy at the water surface.

The heart rate-breathing rate relationship in aquatic mammals: A comparative analysis with terrestrial species

Jacopo P. MORTOLA

Aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals, while resting at the water surface or ashore, breathe with a low frequency (f) by comparison to terrestrial mammals of the same body size, the difference increasing the larger the species. Among various interpretations, it was suggested that the low-fbreathing is a consequence of the end-inspiratory breath-holding pattern adopted by aquatic mammals to favour buoyancy at the water surface, and evolved to be part of the genetic makeup. If this interpretation was correct it could be expected that, differently fromf, the heart rate (HR, beats/min) of aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals at rest would not need to differ from that of terrestrial mammals and that their HR-fratio would be higher than in terrestrial species. Literature data for HR (beats/min) in mammals at rest were gathered for 56 terrestrial and 27 aquatic species. In aquatic mammals the allometric curve (HR=191·M-0.18;M= body mass, kg) did not differ from that of terrestrial species (HR=212·M-0.22) and their HR-fratio (on average 32±5) was much higher than in terrestrial species (5±1) (P＜0.0001). The comparison of these HR allometric curves to those forfpreviously published indicated that the HR-fratio was body size-independent in terrestrial species while it increased significantly with M in aquatic species. The similarity in HR and differences infbetween aquatic and terrestrial mammals agree with the possibility that the lowfof aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals may have evolved for a non-respiratory function, namely the regulation of buoyancy at the water surface .

allometry; breathing pattern; control of breathing; diving;cardio-respiratory coupling