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        淺談主謂一致的原則

        2015-02-10 13:14:21劉鵬
        關(guān)鍵詞:保持一致單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)

        劉鵬

        謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語的人稱和數(shù)一致,這就叫主謂一致。針對(duì)近幾年中考出題特點(diǎn),現(xiàn)對(duì)此內(nèi)容做如下歸納:

        【課標(biāo)考點(diǎn)】

        1. 掌握就近一致原則;

        2. 掌握意義一致原則;

        3. 掌握語法一致原則。

        一、就近一致原則(即謂語的單、復(fù)數(shù)取決于離謂語最近的主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式)

        1. there be句型(當(dāng)主語是系列事物時(shí),謂語與鄰近的主語保持一致。)

        例如:

        (1) There is a table and two chairs in the room. (房間里有一張桌子和兩把椅子。)

        (2) There are two chairs and a table in the room. (房間里有兩把椅子和一張桌子。)

        2. 由either ... or ...,neither ... nor ...,not only ... but also ...,not ... but ...等詞連接并列主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞跟鄰近的主語保持一致。

        例如:

        (1) Either you or the twins are going to leave. (不是你就是這對(duì)雙胞胎要離開。)

        (2) Not only he but also I am invited. (不僅他還有我也被邀請(qǐng)了。)

        二、意義一致原則(即主、謂語在意義上保持一致關(guān)系。)

        1. 表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、重量、長(zhǎng)度等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),通常被看作一個(gè)整體,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

        例如:

        (1) Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown. (他離開家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)有二十年了。)

        (2) Ten dollars is enough. (十美元足夠了。)

        2. 在表達(dá)數(shù)學(xué)算式時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

        例如:

        Five and four is nine. (五加四等于九。)

        3. 以s結(jié)尾的名詞(news,maths,physics)本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。

        例如:

        (1) The news in the newspaper is true. (報(bào)紙上的這條消息是真的。)

        (2) Maths is not very hard. (數(shù)學(xué)不是很難。)

        4. “the+形容詞”表示一類人(the poor,the rich,the old,the young等)用作主語的,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

        例如:

        The old are taken good care of in this area. (這個(gè)地區(qū)的老人被照顧得很好。)

        5. 姓氏名詞復(fù)數(shù)前加the,表示一家人,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

        例如:

        The Greens are watching TV. (格林一家人正在看電視。)

        6. family,class,team,group等集體名詞作主語,若只一個(gè)整體,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);若指具體成員,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

        例如:

        (1) Class 2 is the best class in this school. (二班是這所學(xué)校最好的班。)[Class 2為整體]

        (2) Class 2 are the winners. (二班是勝利者。)[Class 2為全體成員]

        7. people,police等集體名詞做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

        例如:

        (1) The police are looking for the missing child. (警察正在尋找那個(gè)失蹤的孩子。)

        (2) The Chinese people are very friendly. (中國(guó)人很友好。)

        8. “a number of ...”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);“the number of ...”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

        例如:

        (1) The number of the students in our class is 53. (我們班學(xué)生的數(shù)量是五十三個(gè)。)

        (2) A number of players come from Japan. (許多隊(duì)員來自日本。)

        9. all of,some of,most of,the rest of,a lot of,plenty of,分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+ of+ 名詞等短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常與of后的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。

        例如:

        (1) A lot of students are waiting outside. (許多學(xué)生正在外面等著。)

        (2) A lot of water is polluted by people. (大量的水被人們污染了。)

        (3) Two thirds of boys like playing basketball. (三分之二的男孩喜歡打籃球。)

        (4) Two thirds of the watermelon is eaten by Tom. (三分之二的西瓜被湯姆吃了。)

        (5) Some students are reading in the classroom, the rest are playing on the playground. (一些學(xué)生正在讀書,其他的在操場(chǎng)上玩。)endprint

        10. 由and連接的并列主語,如果描述同一個(gè)人或同一種事物時(shí),其后的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果描述不是同一人或事物,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

        例如:

        (1) The writer and the teacher are playing chess. (這位作家和這位老師正在下棋。)

        (2) The writer and teacher is my friend. (這位作家兼教師是我的朋友。)

        三、語法一致原則(即主、謂語在語法形式上保持一致。)

        1. 主語后有with/ together with/ as well as/ without/ including/ besides/ except/ but等引導(dǎo)的短語作插入語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要與主語一致而與插入語無關(guān)。

        例如:

        (1) Mary with her mother is shopping now. (瑪麗正在和她媽媽一起購(gòu)物。)

        (2) All the students, including Tom, are going to the park. (所有的學(xué)生包括湯姆在內(nèi)都要去公園。)

        2. 非謂語動(dòng)詞(不定式、動(dòng)名詞等)短語或從句作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。

        例如:

        (1) Doing a lot of practice is a good way to improve your English. (做大量練習(xí)是提高你英語的好方法。)

        (2) What I need is a good book. (我需要的是一本好書。)

        3. 不定代詞something,anything,nothing,everyone,anybody,nobody,each,neither,either,little,much,one等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

        例如:

        (1) Someone is waiting for you. (有人在等你。)

        (2) Neither of the answers is right. (兩個(gè)答案都不對(duì)。)

        4. 名詞shoes,glasses,pants,shorts,jeans等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。但是,如果這些名詞被a pair

        of修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù)。

        例如:

        (1) The shoes are under the bed. (鞋子在床下面。)

        (2) A pair of shoes is under the bed. (床下面有一雙鞋子。)

        5. 在定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞that,who,which等作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。

        例如:

        (1) This is the boy who wants to see you. (這就是想要見你的男孩。)

        (2) The boys who are playing football there are my best friends. (正在那兒踢足球的那些男生是我的好朋友。)

        6. each ... and each ...,every ... and every ...,no ... and no ...,many a and many a ... 結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

        例如:

        (1) Every man and every woman is at work. (每個(gè)男人和每個(gè)女人都在工作中。)

        (2) No sound and no voice is heard for a long time. (很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒有聽到一點(diǎn)聲音。)endprint

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