張露++郭晴
摘要厘清中國消費者低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費行為的決定因素與差異,是引導(dǎo)消費者選擇低碳消費,進而實現(xiàn)碳減排目標的基石。本文運用多元線性回歸方法,分析消費者低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費行為的決定因素,結(jié)果表明,“宣傳教育”、“消費者認知”與“消費者偏好”三者顯著影響中國消費者低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費行為。進而本文運用獨立樣本T檢驗方法,比較不同類型消費者在低碳消費行為及行為決定因素各個維度的差異,結(jié)果表明,高端消費群體(高學(xué)歷、高收入與高消費額群體)與低端消費群體(低學(xué)歷、低收入與低消費額群體)在“消費偏好”、“消費者認知”以及“消費者行為”維度存在顯著差異,且前者表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于后者;男性消費者與女性消費者在“消費者認知”與“消費者行為”維度存在顯著差異,且前者表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于后者;青年消費者與中老年消費者在“宣傳教育維度”存在顯著差異,且后者表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于前者。因此,本文建議加強對低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的宣傳教育,提升消費者對低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的認知,進而引導(dǎo)消費者產(chǎn)生對低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的偏好;針對不同類型的消費者群體,制定差異化的策略來引導(dǎo)其低碳消費行為。
關(guān)鍵詞低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品;消費行為;情境實驗;多元線性回歸;獨立樣本T檢驗
中圖分類號F713文獻標識碼A文章編號1002-2104(2014)12-0055-07doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2104.2014.12.008
消費者的日常消費以農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費為主,而農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)與銷售需要耗費大量的可再生與不可再生的化石燃料,以及大量的人力與畜力,從而給自然環(huán)境造成沉重負擔。歐盟委員會的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)表明,由食品消費產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體排放量占據(jù)全球溫室氣體排放總量的18%左右[1];美國食物體系的運作,包括農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)、食品加工以及分銷等環(huán)節(jié),占據(jù)全美能源消耗碳排量的19%[2];英國商品的消費與使用占據(jù)總體碳排量的20%[3]。而在中國,由于人口密度大,因居民消費產(chǎn)生的碳排放量就占到全國總體排放量的30%左右[4]。
隨著碳減排在全球的迅速升溫,同時鑒于消費在碳排放總量中占據(jù)顯著比例,發(fā)展“低碳產(chǎn)品”與倡導(dǎo)“低碳消費”成為各界關(guān)注的焦點。相關(guān)世界組織與各個國家相繼制定產(chǎn)品碳足跡認證標準,來測算產(chǎn)品或者服務(wù)在全部生命周期內(nèi)的碳排量;并制定碳標簽推廣方案,來與消費者溝通產(chǎn)品的碳排量信息。代表性的碳足跡評估標準包括:英國標準協(xié)會頒布的PAS 2050:商品和服務(wù)在生命周期內(nèi)的溫室氣體排放評價規(guī)范;世界資源研究所和世界可持續(xù)發(fā)展工商理事會聯(lián)合頒布的溫室氣體議定書。代表性的碳標簽方案包括:英國Carbon Trust公司的 Carbon Reduction Label方案,美國的Certified Carbon Free方案以及Climate Conscious Carbon Label方案;新西蘭的Carbon Zero方案;以及韓國的Cool (CO2) Label方案等。
對中國而言,無論是低碳產(chǎn)品的發(fā)展,還是低碳消費的推廣,均處于起步階段。因此,厘清中國消費者對低碳產(chǎn)品的消費行為差異是為首要任務(wù)。
1文獻綜述
當前學(xué)界的相關(guān)研究大體可以劃歸為兩個向度,即低碳消費行為的影響因素研究;消費者對低碳產(chǎn)品的態(tài)度調(diào)查研究。
部分學(xué)者就低碳消費行為或者低碳消費決策的影響因素進行了研究。Aoki[5]研究日本消費者在購買食品時是否會考慮二氧化碳排放量,結(jié)果表明,環(huán)境意識與消費者的低碳行為高度相關(guān)。王建民等[6]基于扎根理論研究公眾低碳消費模式的影響因素,研究結(jié)果表明,低碳心理意識、個體實施成本、制度技術(shù)情境和社會參照規(guī)范對消費者的低碳消費模式產(chǎn)生顯著影響。龐晶等[7]的問卷調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,消費者的收入越高,其對低碳產(chǎn)品的意愿支付價格就越高;低碳產(chǎn)品的環(huán)境價值置信度越高,消費者對于產(chǎn)品的意愿支付價就越高;低碳產(chǎn)品碳排放量降幅越大,消費者對低碳產(chǎn)品的需求價格就越高。Mungkung等[8]認為影響消費者購買決策的因素眾多,包括價格、品牌和營養(yǎng)等等。同時,由于技術(shù)的可選擇性和數(shù)據(jù)源的不同等因素,消費者對究竟多少碳排量能夠被稱之為“低碳”也并沒有清晰的概念和認知。
張露等:低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費行為:影響因素與組間差異中國人口·資源與環(huán)境2014年第12期部分學(xué)者就消費者對低碳產(chǎn)品的態(tài)度展開了問卷調(diào)查。Gibbon[9]通過電話隨機選取歐洲15歲及以上的26 500位消費者,結(jié)果表明84%的歐洲消費者認為在其購買決策中,產(chǎn)品的環(huán)境影響非常重要或者相當重要,在消費者的排序中,環(huán)境影響僅次于質(zhì)量(97%)和價格(87%),居于消費者購買決策考慮要素的第三位,遠高于品牌因素(39%)。Gadema等[10]基于對英國超市里428名消費者調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)指出,72%的消費者對加注碳標簽的產(chǎn)品有表述層面的偏好,但由于不良的溝通和市場推廣,高達89%的消費者在解釋和理解碳標簽方面存在困惑。Vanclay[11]在澳大利亞新威爾士北部的巴利納就2 890種商品進行了為期兩周的碳標簽實驗性銷售,結(jié)果表明,當消費者接收到正確的關(guān)于產(chǎn)品碳排量的引導(dǎo)信息后,他們會調(diào)整其購買偏好,支持加注綠色標簽的產(chǎn)品,這種轉(zhuǎn)變大概占他們總采購額的5%左右。Tan[12]對新加坡消費者的調(diào)查表明,76%的消費者表示愿意在產(chǎn)品購買決策時關(guān)注碳排量信息;68%的消費者表示在以往的購買中基于綠色或者能源標簽選購了綠色環(huán)保產(chǎn)品;僅13%的消費者表示并不關(guān)注環(huán)境標簽。
文獻回顧表明:①環(huán)境意識、宣傳教育、低碳認知與消費者偏好可能對消費者低碳產(chǎn)品消費行為產(chǎn)生顯著影響;②不同類型的消費者(如不同收入水平、不同學(xué)歷水平等)可能在低碳產(chǎn)品消費行為方面存在差異;③目前國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對低碳消費行為的研究主要以問卷調(diào)查為主,囿于局部地區(qū)樣本展開分析,尚未以農(nóng)產(chǎn)品為研究對象,深入探索不同類型消費者低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費行為的差異。
2行為影響因素的理論探析
價值-信念-規(guī)范理論認為五大因素構(gòu)成的因果鏈引致行為,順次分別為:個體價值(特別是利他價值)、新環(huán)境范式、后果意識、責任歸屬與個人規(guī)范。態(tài)度-行為-情境理論則在肯定價值-信念-規(guī)范的基礎(chǔ)上,提出行為是個體領(lǐng)域態(tài)度變量(內(nèi)因)與情境因素(外因)交互作用的產(chǎn)出??梢姡芯康吞嫁r(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費行為等親環(huán)境行為時,需要重點考慮消費者的個體內(nèi)因?qū)τ谄溆H環(huán)境行為的影響,如消費者利他價值(價值)、消費者對于碳標簽的認知(信念)、消費者的環(huán)境意識(規(guī)范)等;而在重點考慮消費者的個體內(nèi)因(如環(huán)境意識、低碳認知)影響其親環(huán)境行為的同時,也要兼顧外因(如宣傳教育)對于其親環(huán)境行為的潛在影響。
同時,合理行為理論認為個體的行為意向主要由個體對行為的態(tài)度以及主觀規(guī)范決定;人際行為理論提出意向是行為的直接誘因;同是計劃行為理論也表明影響決策制定的最重要因素就是個體的行為意向。因此,探析低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費行為的影響因素,也需要充分發(fā)掘消費者的行為意向,即消費者偏好,對于消費者實際行為的作用。
此外,說服理論指出,信息接收者的特征,也即教育水平、收入、已有態(tài)度的強度、性別和年齡等因素方面的差異,都可能影響接收者對信息的解釋和反應(yīng)。因此,需要對不同特征的消費者群體展開精細化的研究,發(fā)掘各個群體在接收碳標簽信息進而改變態(tài)度方面的異同,以制定針對性的措施,達到說服效果的最大化。
綜合上述分析,本文用環(huán)境意識與低碳認知表征個體內(nèi)因,用宣傳教育表征社會外因,同時考慮消費者偏好的潛在作用,來探究消費者低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費行為的潛在影響因素。同時,本文將消費者按照學(xué)歷、收入、消費額、性別、年齡分組,進行對比分析。
3方法與數(shù)據(jù)
根據(jù)文獻綜述和理論探析,環(huán)境意識、宣傳教育、低碳認知與消費者偏好可能對消費者低碳產(chǎn)品消費行為產(chǎn)生顯著影響。由此,本文首先以消費者低碳產(chǎn)品購買行為為自變量,環(huán)境意識、宣傳教育、低碳認知與消費者偏好為因變量進行多元線性回歸分析,以判定究竟何種因素可能影響消費者的低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費行為。
同時,文獻綜述和理論探析表明不同類型的消費者(如不同收入水平、不同學(xué)歷水平等)可能在低碳產(chǎn)品消費行為方面存在差異。由此,本文分別對不同學(xué)歷、不同月收入、不同月農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費額、不同性別以及不同年齡的消費者進行分組分析,選擇獨立樣本T檢驗方法,來判定不同類型消費者在低碳消費行為維度及各個行為決定因素維度是否存在顯著差異。
本文設(shè)計了6個識別性問題和16個研究性問題來測度中國消費者低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品購買行為變量及行為決定因子變量。其中,6個識別性問題分別詢問消費者的地域、性別、年齡、教育程度、月收入以及月農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費額;13個研究性問題分別根據(jù)影響消費者行為的要素設(shè)計,以調(diào)查問卷的方式由受訪者自行填寫;另外3個旨在反映消費者實際購買行為的研究性問題,以情境實驗的方式由觀測者填寫。問題參照已有研究成果改編而來,以保證量表問題的效度。共計876位超市消費者參與問卷調(diào)查與情境實驗,其中873位受試者的結(jié)果有效。
具體分析樣本數(shù)據(jù)在不同類型消費者中的分布情況。地域維度,樣本調(diào)研所涉及的六個城市總分布大體均衡,頻率分布在13%(武漢)-20%(深圳)之間;性別維度,女性樣本頻率(58.10%)高于男性樣本頻率(41.90%),與中國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品采購以女性為主的傳統(tǒng)一致。年齡維度,樣本以逐漸成為農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費主力軍的中青年為主,年齡為20-49歲的樣本累計頻率達到81.30%。學(xué)歷維度,樣本主要分布在高職高專(24.90%)與本科(33.10%),基本符合目前中國學(xué)歷結(jié)構(gòu)特征,即青年人學(xué)歷以本科為主,中年人學(xué)歷以高職高專為主。收入維度,月收入在5 000元人民幣以下的樣本累計頻率達到86.40%,與當前中國城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)大體相符;農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費額維度,月農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費額在1 000-1 999元人民幣的消費群體頻率為34.70%,這一分布符合對中國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費現(xiàn)狀的相關(guān)統(tǒng)計描述??傊疚臉颖驹诓煌M者類型中的分布,可以表征目前中國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費者的不同特性,具有較好的代表性。
4結(jié)果與討論4.1低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費行為的決定因素分析
本文運用多元線性回歸方法來探究中國消費者低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費行為的決定因素。具體來說,本文將通過情境實驗觀察獲取的實際行為數(shù)據(jù)作為自變量,將通過問卷調(diào)查獲取的環(huán)境意識、宣傳教育、低碳認知與消費者偏好作為因變量,運用SPSS 20.0軟件進行多元線性回歸分析。
Y=α+β1PE+β2EC+β3CA+β4CP(1)
其中,Y表示實際行為,PE表示宣傳教育,EC表示環(huán)境意識,CA表示消費者認知,CP表示消費者偏好,α表示回歸常數(shù),βi表示回歸系數(shù)。
分析結(jié)果顯示,“宣傳教育”在5%水平上顯著,且回歸系數(shù)為正,說明在其他條件不變的情況下,政府和企業(yè)對低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的宣傳教育力度越大,則消費者購買低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的實際行為表現(xiàn)越好;“消費者認知”在5%水平上顯著,且回歸系數(shù)為正,說明在其他條件不變的情況下,消費者對低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的認知度越高,則其購買低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的實際行為表現(xiàn)越好;“消費者偏好”在5%水平上顯著,且回歸系數(shù)為正,說明在其他條件不變的情況下,消費者對低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的偏好程度越高,則其購買低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的實際行為表現(xiàn)越好。另外,“環(huán)境意識”對消費者購買低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的實際行為表現(xiàn)未產(chǎn)生顯著影響。
基于此,本文分別從學(xué)歷、月收入、月消費額、性別與年齡五個維度,展開不同類型消費者低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品購買行為及其決定因素的獨立樣本T檢驗分析,以發(fā)掘不同類型消費者的異同,進而提出針對性的政策建議。
4.2不同學(xué)歷消費者的比較分析
對不同學(xué)歷層次的樣本進行獨立樣本T檢驗,結(jié)果如表1所示。學(xué)歷在??萍耙韵碌霓r(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費者與學(xué)歷在本科及以上的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費者在15個顯變量上均表現(xiàn)出顯著差異。
在“消費偏好”、“消費者認知”、“宣傳教育”以及“消費者行為”四個維度上,學(xué)歷在本科及以上的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費者表現(xiàn)均優(yōu)于學(xué)歷在??萍耙韵碌霓r(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費者。
4.3不同月收入消費者的比較分析
對不同月收入層次的樣本進行獨立樣本T檢驗,結(jié)果如表2所示。月收入低于3 000元的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費者與月收入3 000元及上的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費者在“宣傳教育”維度的兩個顯變量(“參與碳標簽宣傳教育活動的意愿”、“主動宣傳碳標簽的意愿”)上沒有顯著差異。而這兩個不同收入的消費者群體,在“消費偏好”、“消費認知”以及“消費者行為”三個維度的潛變量上均表現(xiàn)出顯著差異,且后者(高收入者)的表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于前者(低收入者)。
4.4不同月農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費額消費者的比較分析
對不同月農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費水平的樣本進行獨立樣本T檢驗,結(jié)果如表3所示。月農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費額低于1 000元的消費者與月農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費額1 000元及以上的消費者在在“宣傳教育”維度的兩個顯變量(“參與碳標簽宣傳教育活動的意愿”、“主動宣傳碳標簽的意愿”)上沒有顯著差異。而這兩個不同農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費水平的群體,在“消費偏好”、“消費認知”以及“消費者行為”三個維度的潛變量上均表現(xiàn)出顯著差異,且后者(高水平消費者)的表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于前者(低水平消費者)。
4.5不同性別消費者的比較分析
本文對不同性別組的樣本進行獨立樣本T檢驗,結(jié)果如表4所示。男性農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費者與女性農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費者在“消費偏好”維度的兩個顯變量上(“低碳在消費者購買決策關(guān)鍵要素中的位次”“對低碳產(chǎn)品價格的偏好”)上沒有顯著差異;在“宣傳教育”維度的兩個顯變量(“對當前碳標簽宣傳教育效用的評價”“參與碳標簽宣傳教育活動的意愿”)上沒有顯著差異;在“消費者行為”維度的一個顯變量(“為低碳產(chǎn)品多支付的比例”)上沒有顯著差異。
男性農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費者與女性農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費者在“消費者認知”維度存在顯著差異,且前者(男性)的表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于后者(女性)。同時,男性農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費者相對女性農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費者具有更高的購買低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的意愿。另外,在“消費者行為”方面,男性農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費者相對女性農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費者采購低碳產(chǎn)品的金額比例更高,并且具備更少的表1不同學(xué)歷層次的獨立樣本T檢驗結(jié)果
(2)不同類型的消費者在低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品購買行為及影響行為的各個因素上存在一定程度的差異。獨立樣本T檢驗分析顯示:①高學(xué)歷、高月收入、高月農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費額的消費者群體與低學(xué)歷、低月收入、低農(nóng)產(chǎn)品消費額的消費者群體,在“消費認知”、“消費偏好”以及“消費者行為”三個維度的顯變量上均表現(xiàn)出顯著差異,且前者的表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于后者。這可能是因為較之于低端消費者,高端消費者具備更多的知識儲備來理解碳標簽等低碳信息,具備更強的經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)來為低碳產(chǎn)品支付額外費用,具備更高的消費需求來迎合其高品質(zhì)的生活理念。②男性消費者與女性消費者在“消費者認知”的三個顯變量以及“消費者行為”的兩個顯變量上存在顯著差異,且男性消費者的表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于女性消費者。這可能是因為女性消費者對于商品信息知覺的選擇性以及購買行為決策多受到性價比等因素的主導(dǎo),而男性消費者對于商品信息知覺的選擇性以及購買行為決策則多受到社會認同感或道德優(yōu)越感等因素的主導(dǎo)。③青年消費者與中老年消費者在“宣傳教育”維度的顯變量存在顯著差異,且中老年消費者的表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于青年消費者。這可能是因為中老年消費者是當前中國低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品主要的購買群體,因而其更為關(guān)注低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的相關(guān)宣傳教育信息。同時,中老年消費者群體可能具有更多的時間與精力來參與低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的相關(guān)宣傳教育活動。
5.2政策建議
基于上述研究結(jié)論,本文建議:
(1)加強對低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的宣傳教育,提升消費者對低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的認知,進而引導(dǎo)消費者產(chǎn)生對低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的偏好??梢酝ㄟ^大眾傳媒(如網(wǎng)絡(luò)、報刊、雜志)和社區(qū)活動(如公益講座、社區(qū)海報、有獎問答)等方式就低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品對消費者及自然環(huán)境的有益貢獻進行宣傳,也可以通過低碳產(chǎn)品促銷(如試用,降價)的方式來吸引消費者關(guān)注低碳產(chǎn)品,以促進消費者對低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品認知水平的提升。
(2)針對不同類型的消費者群體,制定差異化的策略來引導(dǎo)其低碳消費行為。對于高端(高學(xué)歷、高收入、高消費)消費者,由于其對低碳產(chǎn)品具備一定水平的認知度及偏好度,是為推廣低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的首要目標客戶群;受中國傳統(tǒng)文化的影響,女性消費者是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品購買決策及購買行為產(chǎn)生的主要主體,但其目前對低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的認知度及偏好度都亟待提升;中老年消費者在家庭農(nóng)產(chǎn)品購買決策中占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位,同時這類消費者對低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品宣傳教育表現(xiàn)出一定興趣,因而對低碳農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的宣傳教育活動可以以中老年消費者為主要目標群體。
同時,本文建議后續(xù)研究可以向供應(yīng)鏈上游延伸,探析生產(chǎn)性消費領(lǐng)域低碳消費行為的影響因素,以及不同行業(yè)背景下生產(chǎn)性低碳消費行為的差異。
(編輯:尹建中)
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[8]Mungkung R, Gheewala S H, Kanyarushoki C, et al. Product Carbon Footprinting in Thailand: A Step Towards Sustainable Consumption and Production?[J]. Environmental Development, 2012, 3: 100-108.
[9]Gibbon P. European Organic Standard Setting Organisations and ClimateChange Standards[C]. Paris: OECD Global Forum on Trade and Climate Change, 2009.
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[12]Tan M Q B, Tan R B H, Khoo H H. Prospects of Carbon LabelingA Life Cycle Point of View[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2012, (6): 1-13.
Lowcarbon Agric Product Consumption Behavior: Influencing
Factors and Differences Between Groups
ZHANG Lu1GUO Qing2
(1. School of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan Hubei 430074, China;
2. School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan Hubei 430074, China)
AbstratFiguring out influencing factors and differences of consumers lowcarbon agric product consumption behavior could be considered as the footing stone of leading lowcarbon consumption behaviors and achieving carbon reduction goals. This paper analyzed the influencing factors of lowcarbon agric product consumption behavior adopting multiple regression, which proves that “publicity and education”, “consumer awareness” and “consumer preference” respectively have significant impacts on consumers lowcarbon agric product consumption behavior. Then this paper compared influencing factors and differences of lowcarbon agric product consumption behavior among different types of consumers. It shows that there are statistically significant differences between highend consumers (welleducated, wellpaid and highspending consumers) and lowend consumers (lesseducated, lowpaid and lowspending consumers) in terms of “consumer awareness”, “consumer preference” and “consumer behavior”, and the former performs better than the latter. In addition, male and female have significant differences in terms of “consumer awareness” and “consumer behavior”, and the former performs better than the latter. Besides, the significant differences also can be found between younger consumers and older consumers in terms of “publicity and education”, and the latter performs better than the former. Therefore, this paper suggests that it is necessary to strength the promotion of lowcarbon agric products, add consumers knowledge of lowcarbon agric products, and guide consumers preference of lowcarbon agric products. Also, for different types of consumers, differential marketing strategies are required to lead consumers lowcarbon consumption behavior.
Key wordslowcarbon agric product; consumption behavior; scenario experiment; multiple regression; independentsample T test
[6]王建明, 王俊豪. 公眾低碳消費模式的影響因素模型與政府管制政策:基于扎根理論的一個探索性研究[J]. 管理世界, 2011,(4): 58-68. [Wang Jianmin, Wang Junhao. The Impact Factor Model and Government Control Policy of Public LowCarbon Consumption PatternsAn Exploratory Study Based on Grounded Theory [J]. Management World, 2011, (4): 58-68.]
[7]龐晶, 李文東. 低碳消費偏好與低碳產(chǎn)品需求分析[J]. 中國人口·資源與環(huán)境, 2011, 21(9): 76-80.[Pang Jing, Li Wendong. The Analysis of LowCarbon Consumption Preference and the Need of LowCarbon Product[J]. China Population,Resources and Environment, 2011, 21(9): 76-80.]
[8]Mungkung R, Gheewala S H, Kanyarushoki C, et al. Product Carbon Footprinting in Thailand: A Step Towards Sustainable Consumption and Production?[J]. Environmental Development, 2012, 3: 100-108.
[9]Gibbon P. European Organic Standard Setting Organisations and ClimateChange Standards[C]. Paris: OECD Global Forum on Trade and Climate Change, 2009.
[10]Gadema Z, Oglethorpe D. The Use and Usefulness of Carbon Labelling Food: A Policy Perspective from a Survey of UK Supermarket Shoppers[J]. Food Policy, 2011, (36):815-822.
[11]Vanclay J K, Shortiss J, Aulsebrook S, et al. Customer Response to Carbon Labeling of Groceries[J]. Journal of Consumer Policy, 2011, 34(1): 153-160.
[12]Tan M Q B, Tan R B H, Khoo H H. Prospects of Carbon LabelingA Life Cycle Point of View[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2012, (6): 1-13.
Lowcarbon Agric Product Consumption Behavior: Influencing
Factors and Differences Between Groups
ZHANG Lu1GUO Qing2
(1. School of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan Hubei 430074, China;
2. School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan Hubei 430074, China)
AbstratFiguring out influencing factors and differences of consumers lowcarbon agric product consumption behavior could be considered as the footing stone of leading lowcarbon consumption behaviors and achieving carbon reduction goals. This paper analyzed the influencing factors of lowcarbon agric product consumption behavior adopting multiple regression, which proves that “publicity and education”, “consumer awareness” and “consumer preference” respectively have significant impacts on consumers lowcarbon agric product consumption behavior. Then this paper compared influencing factors and differences of lowcarbon agric product consumption behavior among different types of consumers. It shows that there are statistically significant differences between highend consumers (welleducated, wellpaid and highspending consumers) and lowend consumers (lesseducated, lowpaid and lowspending consumers) in terms of “consumer awareness”, “consumer preference” and “consumer behavior”, and the former performs better than the latter. In addition, male and female have significant differences in terms of “consumer awareness” and “consumer behavior”, and the former performs better than the latter. Besides, the significant differences also can be found between younger consumers and older consumers in terms of “publicity and education”, and the latter performs better than the former. Therefore, this paper suggests that it is necessary to strength the promotion of lowcarbon agric products, add consumers knowledge of lowcarbon agric products, and guide consumers preference of lowcarbon agric products. Also, for different types of consumers, differential marketing strategies are required to lead consumers lowcarbon consumption behavior.
Key wordslowcarbon agric product; consumption behavior; scenario experiment; multiple regression; independentsample T test
[6]王建明, 王俊豪. 公眾低碳消費模式的影響因素模型與政府管制政策:基于扎根理論的一個探索性研究[J]. 管理世界, 2011,(4): 58-68. [Wang Jianmin, Wang Junhao. The Impact Factor Model and Government Control Policy of Public LowCarbon Consumption PatternsAn Exploratory Study Based on Grounded Theory [J]. Management World, 2011, (4): 58-68.]
[7]龐晶, 李文東. 低碳消費偏好與低碳產(chǎn)品需求分析[J]. 中國人口·資源與環(huán)境, 2011, 21(9): 76-80.[Pang Jing, Li Wendong. The Analysis of LowCarbon Consumption Preference and the Need of LowCarbon Product[J]. China Population,Resources and Environment, 2011, 21(9): 76-80.]
[8]Mungkung R, Gheewala S H, Kanyarushoki C, et al. Product Carbon Footprinting in Thailand: A Step Towards Sustainable Consumption and Production?[J]. Environmental Development, 2012, 3: 100-108.
[9]Gibbon P. European Organic Standard Setting Organisations and ClimateChange Standards[C]. Paris: OECD Global Forum on Trade and Climate Change, 2009.
[10]Gadema Z, Oglethorpe D. The Use and Usefulness of Carbon Labelling Food: A Policy Perspective from a Survey of UK Supermarket Shoppers[J]. Food Policy, 2011, (36):815-822.
[11]Vanclay J K, Shortiss J, Aulsebrook S, et al. Customer Response to Carbon Labeling of Groceries[J]. Journal of Consumer Policy, 2011, 34(1): 153-160.
[12]Tan M Q B, Tan R B H, Khoo H H. Prospects of Carbon LabelingA Life Cycle Point of View[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2012, (6): 1-13.
Lowcarbon Agric Product Consumption Behavior: Influencing
Factors and Differences Between Groups
ZHANG Lu1GUO Qing2
(1. School of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan Hubei 430074, China;
2. School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan Hubei 430074, China)
AbstratFiguring out influencing factors and differences of consumers lowcarbon agric product consumption behavior could be considered as the footing stone of leading lowcarbon consumption behaviors and achieving carbon reduction goals. This paper analyzed the influencing factors of lowcarbon agric product consumption behavior adopting multiple regression, which proves that “publicity and education”, “consumer awareness” and “consumer preference” respectively have significant impacts on consumers lowcarbon agric product consumption behavior. Then this paper compared influencing factors and differences of lowcarbon agric product consumption behavior among different types of consumers. It shows that there are statistically significant differences between highend consumers (welleducated, wellpaid and highspending consumers) and lowend consumers (lesseducated, lowpaid and lowspending consumers) in terms of “consumer awareness”, “consumer preference” and “consumer behavior”, and the former performs better than the latter. In addition, male and female have significant differences in terms of “consumer awareness” and “consumer behavior”, and the former performs better than the latter. Besides, the significant differences also can be found between younger consumers and older consumers in terms of “publicity and education”, and the latter performs better than the former. Therefore, this paper suggests that it is necessary to strength the promotion of lowcarbon agric products, add consumers knowledge of lowcarbon agric products, and guide consumers preference of lowcarbon agric products. Also, for different types of consumers, differential marketing strategies are required to lead consumers lowcarbon consumption behavior.
Key wordslowcarbon agric product; consumption behavior; scenario experiment; multiple regression; independentsample T test