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        農(nóng)戶土地種植面積與土地生產(chǎn)率的關(guān)系

        2014-12-13 05:17:05范紅忠周啟良
        中國人口·資源與環(huán)境 2014年12期
        關(guān)鍵詞:農(nóng)戶

        范紅忠++周啟良

        摘要土地種植面積與土地生產(chǎn)率之間究竟存在何種關(guān)系?這一問題的答案,不僅關(guān)乎我國的糧食安全,也關(guān)乎我國農(nóng)村土地政策、勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移和城鎮(zhèn)化等重大問題。農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)深受氣候條件、距離市場的遠(yuǎn)近、種植方式、土地質(zhì)量、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等因素的影響,但現(xiàn)有的文獻(xiàn)沒有很好地控制這些因素;另有學(xué)者以歐美等大農(nóng)楊的數(shù)據(jù)或者官方提供的數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),來分析我國農(nóng)業(yè)是否采取規(guī)模經(jīng)營政策,這并不切實(shí)際。本文根據(jù)馬克思主義的生產(chǎn)力構(gòu)成要素理論和科布-道格拉斯的生產(chǎn)函數(shù),建立土地種植面積與土地生產(chǎn)率之間關(guān)系的計(jì)量模型,然后基于我國中西部七縣(市)相鄰的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)戶調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),分別對望江縣水稻、南縣水稻和棉花、濮陽市小麥種植生產(chǎn)的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行回歸分析,結(jié)果顯示:在控制氣候條件、距離市場的遠(yuǎn)近、種植方式、土地質(zhì)量、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等因素的前提下,土地種植面積與土地生產(chǎn)率之間呈現(xiàn)正向的關(guān)系,不同土地經(jīng)營規(guī)模條件下土地種植面積對土地生產(chǎn)率的影響也為正值;考慮農(nóng)機(jī)設(shè)備的資本投入要素后,土地種植面積與土地生產(chǎn)率之間依然呈現(xiàn)正向關(guān)系;邊際效應(yīng)的分析表明,農(nóng)戶土地經(jīng)營規(guī)模的增加,不僅不會降低土地生產(chǎn)率,在多數(shù)情況下反而會增加土地生產(chǎn)率。這表明在當(dāng)前家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制下,鼓勵(lì)和完善土地流轉(zhuǎn)政策,減少零碎化經(jīng)營,推動(dòng)適當(dāng)?shù)囊?guī)模經(jīng)營,不但不會降低,反而會提高我國土地生產(chǎn)率和農(nóng)業(yè)總產(chǎn)量。這一研究結(jié)論對制定土地流轉(zhuǎn)的相關(guān)政策、完善農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力等要素市場、鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)模經(jīng)營的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和支持城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)等具有很強(qiáng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。

        關(guān)鍵詞農(nóng)戶;土地種植面積;土地規(guī)模經(jīng)營;土地生產(chǎn)率

        中圖分類號F301.0文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼A文章編號1002-2104(2014)12-0038-08doi:103969/jissn1002-2104201412006

        關(guān)于農(nóng)戶土地種植面積和單位土地生產(chǎn)率的關(guān)系,學(xué)術(shù)界有一個(gè)著名的假說,那就是土地生產(chǎn)率與土地種植面積反向關(guān)系(Inverse Relationship,IR)假說[1]。按此假說,擴(kuò)大農(nóng)戶土地種植規(guī)模,實(shí)施土地規(guī)模經(jīng)營,盡管可以提高單個(gè)農(nóng)戶的農(nóng)業(yè)總產(chǎn)量,但在土地總面積一定的情況下,我國農(nóng)業(yè)的總產(chǎn)量將下降。這意味,隨著農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移和農(nóng)村土地流轉(zhuǎn)的推進(jìn),農(nóng)戶逐漸實(shí)現(xiàn)土地規(guī)模經(jīng)營之后,我國的糧食安全將受到嚴(yán)重的挑戰(zhàn)和威脅。關(guān)于IR假說的大量實(shí)證研究得到了截然不同的結(jié)論,一些研究支持IR假說,如Heltberg R[2];一些研究不支持IR假說,如許慶等[3];另一些研究還得到了與IR假說相反的結(jié)論,如Deolalikar A B [4]?,F(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)相互矛盾的研究結(jié)論使得IR假說是否成立仍然是一個(gè)懸而未決的問題,繼續(xù)吸引著學(xué)術(shù)界廣泛的關(guān)注。我們在對現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)的梳理中發(fā)現(xiàn),現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)在研究數(shù)據(jù)方面有一個(gè)重要的缺陷,即這些研究采用的樣本農(nóng)戶和數(shù)據(jù),或者來自不同的國家,或者來自同一國家不同的省區(qū)或縣市,在實(shí)證分析中很難控制好氣候條件、距離市場的遠(yuǎn)近、種植方式、土地質(zhì)量、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等一些對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)有重要影響的變量。為了克服現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)的不足,十分有必要進(jìn)行專門的有針對性的農(nóng)戶調(diào)查和數(shù)據(jù)收集工作。2012年,我們特地組織了一個(gè)調(diào)查團(tuán)隊(duì),分別在我國中西部七個(gè)縣(市)選擇了若干個(gè)相鄰的村莊,進(jìn)行隨機(jī)農(nóng)戶調(diào)查。本文的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),可以較好地控制氣候、距離市場的遠(yuǎn)近、種植方式、土地質(zhì)量、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等因素對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)的影響,因此,本文的研究將會得到更可靠的結(jié)論,以期對現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)做出貢獻(xiàn),并對我國農(nóng)村土地政策制定提供可靠的理論指導(dǎo)。

        1文獻(xiàn)綜述

        土地規(guī)模與土地生產(chǎn)率之間反向關(guān)系的IR假說,最早由Chayanov[1]提出。之后,Sen[5]對印度農(nóng)業(yè)的研究、Berry R A & Cline W R(1979)[6]對巴西北部和印度農(nóng)村的調(diào)查研究、Carter M R[7]對印度北部的調(diào)查研究、Heltberg R[2]對巴基斯坦的實(shí)證研究、任治君[8]對美國和法國的大農(nóng)楊樣本的分析,結(jié)果都支持了IR假說。就我國糧食生產(chǎn)而言,也有支持IR假說的研究結(jié)論,如普羅斯特曼等[9]根據(jù)對吳縣的官員和農(nóng)戶的訪談資料,發(fā)現(xiàn)家庭農(nóng)場比集體農(nóng)場更優(yōu)越、效率更高;高夢滔等[10]的實(shí)證結(jié)果表明中國農(nóng)村糧食生產(chǎn)是“小農(nóng)戶更有效率”。

        范紅忠等:農(nóng)戶土地種植面積與土地生產(chǎn)率的關(guān)系中國人口·資源與環(huán)境2014年第12期 然而一些學(xué)者認(rèn)為大規(guī)模經(jīng)營與小規(guī)模經(jīng)營對土地生產(chǎn)率的影響不大,其理由是小規(guī)模農(nóng)戶可能會尋求其它收入來源,而疏于對土地的經(jīng)營管理。Shi Zhengfu[11]、山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)課題組[12]、國內(nèi)學(xué)者萬廣華等[13]、劉鳳芹[14]、許慶等[3]的實(shí)證研究,均發(fā)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中幾乎不存在規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng),大規(guī)模土地經(jīng)營與小規(guī)模家庭農(nóng)戶相比并沒有顯示出單位產(chǎn)量優(yōu)勢。

        Deolalikar A B [4] 、Fan S & ChanKang C[15]、Rao V & Chotigeat T[16]、Helfand S M & Levine E S等學(xué)者從生產(chǎn)投入的異質(zhì)性角度出發(fā),得出大規(guī)模經(jīng)營比小規(guī)模經(jīng)營更有效率的結(jié)論。[17]國內(nèi)學(xué)者張光輝[18]通過對法國、美國農(nóng)場經(jīng)營規(guī)模和糧食單產(chǎn)的縱向比較,以及對日本佐賀縣1962年、石川縣1983年的農(nóng)場經(jīng)營規(guī)模和糧食單產(chǎn)同一年度的橫向比較,均發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)模經(jīng)營促進(jìn)了單產(chǎn)的提高,土地規(guī)模與土地生產(chǎn)率呈正向關(guān)系,并建議農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)模經(jīng)營和農(nóng)業(yè)適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營應(yīng)作為我國農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村發(fā)展的一項(xiàng)重要政策。

        辛良杰等[19]對吉林省20個(gè)縣(市)的20個(gè)固定觀察村落的1 002家農(nóng)戶的生產(chǎn)進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果表明土地規(guī)模與土地生產(chǎn)率之間呈非線性關(guān)系;當(dāng)農(nóng)戶經(jīng)營的土地面積在0-10畝、10-30畝、超過30畝不同的規(guī)模時(shí),土地規(guī)模與土地生產(chǎn)率之間的系數(shù)分別為正值、無相關(guān)性、明顯的負(fù)向關(guān)系,由此提出了鼓勵(lì)和完善土地流轉(zhuǎn)政策,推動(dòng)適當(dāng)規(guī)模經(jīng)營的政策。

        綜觀上述文獻(xiàn),我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)有研究均有一個(gè)重要的缺陷,即沒有充分考慮氣候條件、距離市場的遠(yuǎn)近、種植方式、土地質(zhì)量(包括土壤色質(zhì)和土地等級)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等因素對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的影響。如果不能綜合地控制這些因素,則相同土地面積的糧食產(chǎn)量不具有很好的可比性。Sen[5]、高夢滔等[10]、劉鳳芹[14]、許慶[3] 等的研究樣本數(shù)據(jù)均覆蓋了較大的區(qū)域,這樣農(nóng)戶面臨的氣候條件、土壤條件并不能得到很好的控制。有的學(xué)者已注意到土地的異質(zhì)性對土地生產(chǎn)率的影響,但綜合考慮程度不夠,如Bhalla S S & Roy P[20]的研究沒有很好地控制土地等級;辛良杰等[19]的研究沒有控制好氣候因素,因?yàn)?0個(gè)縣(市)的氣候差別還是很大的。如果我們對上述影響農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的因素進(jìn)行綜合控制,則土地規(guī)模與土地生產(chǎn)率反向關(guān)系可能只是一個(gè)區(qū)際現(xiàn)象,在較小區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行分析時(shí),這種反向關(guān)系消失,IR假說不復(fù)存在[20-21]。

        另外,任治君[8]、張光輝[18]等學(xué)者的研究以歐美等大農(nóng)場為樣本;普羅斯特曼[9]、萬廣華等[13]所選取的樣本數(shù)據(jù)來自官方提供的某一個(gè)地區(qū)的數(shù)據(jù),由此得出的結(jié)論在中國是否符合中國實(shí)際,有待商榷。

        為了避免上述學(xué)者在樣本數(shù)據(jù)及研究方法上的不足,本文致力于如下創(chuàng)新:

        第一,本文選取土地種植面積比較小的中西部七縣(市)農(nóng)戶作為樣本,這明顯有別于Sen[5]等人以印度、歐美等大規(guī)模面積的農(nóng)場樣本,也能保證分析的結(jié)論符合我國國情。

        第二,充分控制影響農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的因素。由于選取的中西部7個(gè)不同的縣(市),這些縣(市)分布在國內(nèi)的6個(gè)不同的省份,它們在氣候條件、距離市場的遠(yuǎn)近、土地質(zhì)量、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等因素顯著不同。為了避免這些異質(zhì)性,我們采取相鄰的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)戶調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),即在每個(gè)縣(市)中選取一個(gè)行政鄉(xiāng),以調(diào)查問卷的形式調(diào)查這個(gè)行政鄉(xiāng)周圍相鄰的幾個(gè)村,由于這些村彼此相鄰,可以很好地控制氣候條件、距離市場的遠(yuǎn)近、土壤色質(zhì)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的差異。

        第三,進(jìn)行回歸分析時(shí),我們充分利用虛擬變量,即在集中選取樣本以控制氣候條件、市場條件、土壤色質(zhì)和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等因素的基礎(chǔ)上,再利用虛擬變量對自然村、種植方式、土地等級、種植面積進(jìn)行控制;對不同縣(市)的不同村、不同種類農(nóng)作物的種植面積與土地生產(chǎn)率之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行回歸時(shí),避免把不同農(nóng)作物的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行加總的弊端,以保證結(jié)論的可信度。

        2數(shù)據(jù)選取和經(jīng)營狀況統(tǒng)計(jì)

        2.1數(shù)據(jù)選取

        本次實(shí)地調(diào)查,選取了7個(gè)不同的縣,包括四川省江油市、安徽省望江縣和利辛縣、湖北省枝江市、江西省都昌縣、湖南省南縣、河南市濮陽市,這些縣(市)分布在國內(nèi)的6個(gè)不同的省份,在氣候條件、土地質(zhì)量、地形狀況、耕作方式等有明顯的不同,為了控制這些差異,我們在每個(gè)縣中選取一個(gè)行政鄉(xiāng),以該行政鄉(xiāng)為中心,調(diào)查問卷周圍相鄰的幾個(gè)村,調(diào)查采取分層隨機(jī)農(nóng)戶訪談問卷調(diào)查的方式進(jìn)行。其中在四川省的江油市調(diào)查了10個(gè)村,江西省的都昌縣調(diào)查了13個(gè)村,安徽省的利辛縣和望江縣各調(diào)查了10個(gè)村,湖南省的南縣調(diào)查了11個(gè)村,湖北省的枝江市調(diào)查了8個(gè)村,河南省的濮陽市調(diào)查了15個(gè)村。每個(gè)自然村隨機(jī)選擇10-20家進(jìn)行農(nóng)戶調(diào)查。

        調(diào)查時(shí),由調(diào)查員朗讀問卷,農(nóng)戶戶主回答,調(diào)查員填寫問卷,最后獲得有效問卷1 196份。調(diào)查問卷的內(nèi)容有“年齡是否超過60歲、學(xué)歷、是否常年從事農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)、農(nóng)作物的種植面積、地塊數(shù)、可灌溉面積、土地等級、種植方式、支出”等。

        調(diào)查的農(nóng)作物涉及水稻、小麥、棉花、玉米。由于某些被調(diào)查樣本的農(nóng)作物植面積太小,或種植的農(nóng)戶數(shù)太少,不足以考察土地種植面積與土地生產(chǎn)率兩者之間的關(guān)系,不能對每個(gè)縣(市)所調(diào)查村莊的每種農(nóng)作物的土地種植面積與土地生產(chǎn)率之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行研究,但這并不影響以相鄰自然村為基礎(chǔ)的數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)論的適用性。所以,本文在對土地種植面積與土地生產(chǎn)率的關(guān)系進(jìn)行考察時(shí),僅對望江縣所調(diào)查村莊的水稻、南縣所調(diào)查村莊的水稻和棉花、濮陽市所調(diào)查村莊的小麥進(jìn)行分析。這幾個(gè)縣市地勢較平坦,適宜機(jī)械化耕種,是我國糧食生產(chǎn)的重要基地。

        2.2經(jīng)營狀況統(tǒng)計(jì)

        首先,我們對所調(diào)查的農(nóng)戶的土地種植面積進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì),結(jié)果如表1所示。在所調(diào)查的水稻種植戶中,望江縣和南縣20畝以下的種植農(nóng)戶比例分別達(dá)到69%和94%以上,經(jīng)營50畝以上的種植戶的比例分別只有10%和1%。在所調(diào)查的南縣棉花和濮陽市小麥種植戶中,9畝以下的種植農(nóng)戶比例分別達(dá)到84%和70%,經(jīng)營15畝以上的種植戶的比例分別只有3%和7%??梢?,這幾個(gè)縣市糧食種植的土地碎化現(xiàn)象非常嚴(yán)重,這也反映了我國農(nóng)

        3.2結(jié)果分析

        利用EVIEWS6.0,對所調(diào)查縣市的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行回歸,我們沒有對所有區(qū)間的土地經(jīng)營規(guī)模進(jìn)行回歸,但這并不影響結(jié)論的可適性。最后回歸的有效樣本數(shù)分別為:望江縣10個(gè)村莊的115戶水稻種植戶、南縣11個(gè)村莊的126戶水稻種植戶和128戶棉花種植戶、濮陽市15個(gè)村莊的156戶小麥種植戶,結(jié)果如表3所示。

        表3顯示,從種植面積本身與土地生產(chǎn)率的關(guān)系來看,各回歸方程的lnS系數(shù)都為正值,說明種植面積本身對土地生產(chǎn)率的提升有促進(jìn)作用,并且對南縣水稻的促進(jìn)作用更為明顯、其次為望江縣水稻和濮陽市小麥,因?yàn)楦髯詫?yīng)的回歸方程中的lnS系數(shù)分別在5%、10%、10%的顯著水平上通過檢驗(yàn)。

        從種植面積的擴(kuò)大與土地生產(chǎn)率的關(guān)系來看,各回歸方程的MlnS系數(shù)都為正值,說明土地種植面積的適當(dāng)擴(kuò)大能增加都昌縣水稻、望江縣水稻、南縣棉花、濮陽市小麥的土地生產(chǎn)率。也就是說,農(nóng)戶土地規(guī)模下土地種植面積與土地生產(chǎn)率之間的負(fù)向關(guān)系并不存在。這與Sen[5] 、Berry R A & Cline W R[6]等的研究結(jié)果不一致,主要是因?yàn)槲覈壳暗募彝ヂ?lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制所導(dǎo)致的小農(nóng)生產(chǎn),土地碎化塊的現(xiàn)象非常嚴(yán)重,不利于土地生產(chǎn)率的提高。而增加糧食種植面積,土地生產(chǎn)率的釋放空間還非常大,存在著規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)的可能。

        3.3進(jìn)一步檢驗(yàn)

        在我國農(nóng)村,普遍存在大型農(nóng)機(jī)的租用市場,擁有大型農(nóng)機(jī)的農(nóng)戶主要把大型農(nóng)機(jī)商業(yè)性地用于其他農(nóng)戶的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),以賺取勞務(wù)費(fèi),因此在之前的模型分析中,我們沒有加入農(nóng)戶擁有的農(nóng)機(jī)變量。作為進(jìn)一步穩(wěn)健性檢驗(yàn),我們下面在模型中,增加農(nóng)戶擁有的農(nóng)用機(jī)械變量,進(jìn)一步檢驗(yàn)土地種植面積與土地生產(chǎn)率的關(guān)系。

        作為資本投入,可以分為可變資本和不變資本投入。農(nóng)藥化肥和種子支出、請工支出等可以看作是可變資本投入,而農(nóng)戶所擁有的農(nóng)用機(jī)械可以看作不變資本投入。據(jù)此,我們把(3)式修改成:

        以(10)式為基礎(chǔ),分別對望江縣所調(diào)查村莊的水稻、南縣所調(diào)查村莊的水稻和棉花、濮陽市所調(diào)查村莊的小麥進(jìn)行回歸分析的結(jié)果如表4所示。

        從表4可以看出,各回歸方程中的lnS和MlnS的系數(shù)都為正值,并且顯著性與表3相同,說明在控制氣候、距離市場的遠(yuǎn)近、種植方式、土地質(zhì)量、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等因素后,農(nóng)戶農(nóng)機(jī)設(shè)備的擁有不會改變土地種植面積和土地生產(chǎn)率的關(guān)系。另外,農(nóng)機(jī)設(shè)備的使用對于土地生產(chǎn)率的正負(fù)關(guān)系不明確,并且系數(shù)都不顯著,說明農(nóng)機(jī)設(shè)備的使用與土地生產(chǎn)率之間的沒有相關(guān)性,這是因?yàn)槲覈r(nóng)村,普遍存在大型農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的租用市場,購買大型農(nóng)機(jī)的農(nóng)戶,其主要目的是把農(nóng)機(jī)用于其他農(nóng)戶的生產(chǎn),以賺取勞務(wù)費(fèi)。

        3.4邊際效應(yīng)分析

        根據(jù)表3中土地種植面積的自然對數(shù)(lnS)的系數(shù),以及土地經(jīng)營規(guī)模與土地種植面積的自然對數(shù)的交互項(xiàng)(MlnS)的系數(shù),我們可以計(jì)算出不同土地經(jīng)營規(guī)模下土地種植面積對土地生產(chǎn)率影響的邊際效應(yīng),結(jié)果列于表5。

        表5的邊際效應(yīng)的分析表明,農(nóng)戶土地經(jīng)營規(guī)模的增加,不僅不會降低土地生產(chǎn)率,在多數(shù)情況下反而會增加土地生產(chǎn)率。因此,在當(dāng)前以土地細(xì)碎化為特征的家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制下,適當(dāng)擴(kuò)大農(nóng)戶種植面積,會提高我國農(nóng)業(yè)總產(chǎn)出。

        4結(jié)論與建議

        土地生產(chǎn)率與種植面積之間究竟存在何種關(guān)系?這一問題的答案,不僅關(guān)乎我國的糧食安全,也關(guān)乎我國農(nóng)村土地政策、勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移和城鎮(zhèn)化等重大問題。

        農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)深受氣候條件、距離市場的遠(yuǎn)近、種植方式、土地質(zhì)量、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等因素的影響,現(xiàn)有的文獻(xiàn)沒有很好地控制這些因素,因此其研究結(jié)論是值得懷疑的,而且,沒有很好控制上述因素,也可能是現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)研究結(jié)論相互矛盾的重要原因。本文通過采取相鄰鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)戶的實(shí)地調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),即在每個(gè)縣(市)中選取一個(gè)行政鄉(xiāng),以調(diào)查問卷的形式調(diào)查這個(gè)行政鄉(xiāng)周圍相鄰的幾個(gè)村,由于這些村彼此相鄰,可以很好地控制土壤色質(zhì)、氣候條件、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、距離市場遠(yuǎn)近、種植方式、土地質(zhì)量的差異,這有助于我們得到關(guān)于土地種植面積和土地生產(chǎn)率關(guān)系的可靠結(jié)論。

        經(jīng)營,不但不會降低,反而會提高我國土地生產(chǎn)率和農(nóng)業(yè)總產(chǎn)量。因此,在當(dāng)前家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制下,可以鼓勵(lì)和完善土地流轉(zhuǎn)政策,改革現(xiàn)有的控制農(nóng)民進(jìn)城的“二元戶籍”管理制度,減少零碎化經(jīng)營,推動(dòng)適當(dāng)?shù)囊?guī)模經(jīng)營。本文的這一研究結(jié)論對制定土地流轉(zhuǎn)相關(guān)政策、完善農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力等要素市場、鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)模經(jīng)營的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和支持城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)等具有很強(qiáng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。

        (編輯:田紅)

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        A Study of the Relationship Between Household Land Acreage and Land Productivity

        Based on the Survey Data of Central and Western Seven Countiess (Citiess) Farmers

        FAN HongzhongZHOU Qiliang

        (School of Economics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei 430074, China)

        AbstractWhat kind of relationship between the land planting area and land productivity?The answer to this question,not only relates to the food security of our country, but also relates to the major problems of Chinas rural land policy,labor transfer and urbanization. Agricultural production can be deeply impacted by multiple factors,such as climatic conditions,proximity to market, planting mode,the quality of land,infrastructure,and etc. However, previous research in the literature has not examined those factors from a wellbalanced perspective. Some other scholars analyzed whether China should adopt the agriculture policy of scale management based on the agricultural data from Europe and the United States or directly from the Chinese Governments documented data, which is usually considered unrealistic. This research adapted Karl Marxs theory of the Constituent Elements of the Productive Forces and the CobbDouglas Production Function and established the Econometric Model of the Relationship between Land Planting area and Land Productivity .The survey data from the adjacent rural farmers of Chinas CentralWestern seven counties(cities) are used for regression analysis, particularly those relevant data of the rice production of Wangjiang County, the rice and wheat production of Nan County, and the cotton production of PuyangCity.The results from this research showed that there is a positive relationship between land planting area and land productivity in the precondition of controlling climatic conditions,proximity to market, planting mode,the quality of land,infrastructure and other factors.The relationship between land planting area and land productivity is also positive in different land management scales. When the variable of capital input of agricultural equipment is controlled, the relationship between land planting area and land productivity is positive as well. Analysis of the marginal effect shows that increasing the farmers scale of land management,not only will not reduce land productivity,but will increase the productivity of land in most cases.To cap, this research shows that under the current agricultural system of the Contracted Responsibilities for Households,encouraging and improving land circulation policy,reducing land fragmentation management,and promoting scale management not only will not reduce,but will improve the land productivity and the total agricultural output. The conclusion of this research has a strong practical significance for the formulating of land circulation policies,improving the factor market such as rural labor,encouraging the development strategy of agricultural scale management, and supporting the urbanization policy in China.

        Key wordsfarmers; land planting area; land scale management; land productivity

        A Study of the Relationship Between Household Land Acreage and Land Productivity

        Based on the Survey Data of Central and Western Seven Countiess (Citiess) Farmers

        FAN HongzhongZHOU Qiliang

        (School of Economics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei 430074, China)

        AbstractWhat kind of relationship between the land planting area and land productivity?The answer to this question,not only relates to the food security of our country, but also relates to the major problems of Chinas rural land policy,labor transfer and urbanization. Agricultural production can be deeply impacted by multiple factors,such as climatic conditions,proximity to market, planting mode,the quality of land,infrastructure,and etc. However, previous research in the literature has not examined those factors from a wellbalanced perspective. Some other scholars analyzed whether China should adopt the agriculture policy of scale management based on the agricultural data from Europe and the United States or directly from the Chinese Governments documented data, which is usually considered unrealistic. This research adapted Karl Marxs theory of the Constituent Elements of the Productive Forces and the CobbDouglas Production Function and established the Econometric Model of the Relationship between Land Planting area and Land Productivity .The survey data from the adjacent rural farmers of Chinas CentralWestern seven counties(cities) are used for regression analysis, particularly those relevant data of the rice production of Wangjiang County, the rice and wheat production of Nan County, and the cotton production of PuyangCity.The results from this research showed that there is a positive relationship between land planting area and land productivity in the precondition of controlling climatic conditions,proximity to market, planting mode,the quality of land,infrastructure and other factors.The relationship between land planting area and land productivity is also positive in different land management scales. When the variable of capital input of agricultural equipment is controlled, the relationship between land planting area and land productivity is positive as well. Analysis of the marginal effect shows that increasing the farmers scale of land management,not only will not reduce land productivity,but will increase the productivity of land in most cases.To cap, this research shows that under the current agricultural system of the Contracted Responsibilities for Households,encouraging and improving land circulation policy,reducing land fragmentation management,and promoting scale management not only will not reduce,but will improve the land productivity and the total agricultural output. The conclusion of this research has a strong practical significance for the formulating of land circulation policies,improving the factor market such as rural labor,encouraging the development strategy of agricultural scale management, and supporting the urbanization policy in China.

        Key wordsfarmers; land planting area; land scale management; land productivity

        A Study of the Relationship Between Household Land Acreage and Land Productivity

        Based on the Survey Data of Central and Western Seven Countiess (Citiess) Farmers

        FAN HongzhongZHOU Qiliang

        (School of Economics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei 430074, China)

        AbstractWhat kind of relationship between the land planting area and land productivity?The answer to this question,not only relates to the food security of our country, but also relates to the major problems of Chinas rural land policy,labor transfer and urbanization. Agricultural production can be deeply impacted by multiple factors,such as climatic conditions,proximity to market, planting mode,the quality of land,infrastructure,and etc. However, previous research in the literature has not examined those factors from a wellbalanced perspective. Some other scholars analyzed whether China should adopt the agriculture policy of scale management based on the agricultural data from Europe and the United States or directly from the Chinese Governments documented data, which is usually considered unrealistic. This research adapted Karl Marxs theory of the Constituent Elements of the Productive Forces and the CobbDouglas Production Function and established the Econometric Model of the Relationship between Land Planting area and Land Productivity .The survey data from the adjacent rural farmers of Chinas CentralWestern seven counties(cities) are used for regression analysis, particularly those relevant data of the rice production of Wangjiang County, the rice and wheat production of Nan County, and the cotton production of PuyangCity.The results from this research showed that there is a positive relationship between land planting area and land productivity in the precondition of controlling climatic conditions,proximity to market, planting mode,the quality of land,infrastructure and other factors.The relationship between land planting area and land productivity is also positive in different land management scales. When the variable of capital input of agricultural equipment is controlled, the relationship between land planting area and land productivity is positive as well. Analysis of the marginal effect shows that increasing the farmers scale of land management,not only will not reduce land productivity,but will increase the productivity of land in most cases.To cap, this research shows that under the current agricultural system of the Contracted Responsibilities for Households,encouraging and improving land circulation policy,reducing land fragmentation management,and promoting scale management not only will not reduce,but will improve the land productivity and the total agricultural output. The conclusion of this research has a strong practical significance for the formulating of land circulation policies,improving the factor market such as rural labor,encouraging the development strategy of agricultural scale management, and supporting the urbanization policy in China.

        Key wordsfarmers; land planting area; land scale management; land productivity

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