劉亞莉等
[摘要] 目的 研究高脂飲食喂養(yǎng)小鼠內臟脂肪和皮下脂肪組織中PAI-1、FOXC2及FOXO1表達水平,探討不同類型肥胖的機制。 方法 20只小鼠隨機分為對照組和高脂組,分別給予正常飲食和高脂飲食喂養(yǎng)12周。測定血清PAI-1以及附睪周圍組織及皮下脂肪中PAI-1、FOXC2及FOXO1 mRNA的表達水平。 結果 高脂組小鼠體質量、血清PAI-1水平均顯著高于對照組。組內比較小鼠附睪周圍脂肪組織PAI-1、FOXC2mRNA表達顯著高于皮下脂肪組織;FOXO1mRNA表達顯著低于于皮下脂肪組織,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。 結論 正常體重小鼠和肥胖小鼠血清PAI-1水平表達不同,內臟脂肪和皮下脂肪PAI-1、FOXC2及FOXO1表達也存在差別,這種差別可能是不同類型肥胖的機制之一。
[關鍵詞] 血漿纖溶酶原激活物抑制物-1;FOXC2;FOXO1
[中圖分類號] R589.2 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 2095-0616(2014)16-26-04
Study of expression of PAI-1, FOXC2 and FOXO1 in adipose tissue of mice with high fat diet
LIU Yali1 YI Jiali2 LIU Jianhui3 NIU Lifeng3
1.Health Inspection Faculty Working Office of Liaoning Medicine Career Academy, Shenyang 110101,China;2.Dean's Office of Liaoning Medicine Career Academy, Shenyang 110101,China;3.Department of Inspection Technology, Liaoning Medicine Career Academy, Shenyang 110101,China
[Abstract] Objective To study the expression level of PAI-1, FOXC2 and FOXO1 in high fat diet of visceral fat and subcutaneous fat tissue,and to investigate the mechanism of different types of obesity. Methods 20 mouse were randomLy divided into control group and high fat group, and given normal diet and high fat diet for 12 weeks. Serum PAI-1,the expression level of PAI-1, FOXC2 and FOXO1 mRNA in epididymal tissue and subcutaneous fat were determined. Results The body weight, serum PAI-1 levels of high fat group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Within the group, PAI-1,FOXC2, mRNA expression of mouse epididymal adipose tissue were significantly higher than those of the subcutaneous adipose tissue, and the expression of FOXO1mRNA of mouse epididymal adipose tissue was significantly lower than that of subcutaneous adipose tissue, with statistical significance difference. Conclusion Expression levels of serum PAI-1 are different between normal weight mice and obese mice,and expression of fat PAI-1, FOXC2and FOXO1 in visceral fat and subcutaneous are also different.This difference may be one of the mechanisms of different types of obesity.
[Key words] Plasminogen activator inhibitor -1; FOXC2; FOXO1
隨著生活方式和飲食習慣的改變,肥胖已成為全球的常見病,而與肥胖相關的冠心病、高血壓、2型糖尿病等許多代謝性疾病則成為嚴重危害人類健康的殺手。研究發(fā)現[1]肥胖者脂肪堆積部位的差異強烈影響上述疾病的發(fā)病風險,與外周肥胖相比,腹型肥胖(內臟肥胖,即內臟脂肪過度堆積)更易造成胰島素抵抗、糖脂代謝紊亂和心血管疾病。因此,關于不同部位脂肪組織差異性的研究對于揭示相關疾病的發(fā)病機制具有重要作用。血漿纖溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(plasminogen activator inhibitor,PAI-1)是一種由脂肪細胞合成和分泌的細胞因子[2],PAI-1水平的升高將直接導致纖溶活性受損,與肥胖、胰島素抵抗、2型糖尿病及心血管疾病密切相關[3]。近來發(fā)現的翼狀螺旋叉頭轉錄因子家族的叉頭框(Forkhead box)蛋白C2(FOXC2)和叉頭框蛋白O1(FOXO1)在調控胰島素誘導的PAI-1表達方面發(fā)揮重要作用,但具體的調控機制尚不明確。因此,本研究以肥胖小鼠的內臟脂肪和皮下脂肪為研究對象,研究PAI-1、FOXC2及FOXO1表達水平,探討不同類型肥胖的可能機制。endprint
1 材料與方法
1.1 主要試劑
Triozol Reagent購于美國Invitrogen Life technologies公司,PAI-1、FOXC2及FOXO1熒光定量PCR試劑盒購于寶生物工程(大連)有限公司,引物合成由北京華大基因公司提供。
1.2 實驗動物和分組
3 討論
小鼠在連續(xù)高脂飲食喂養(yǎng)后,體重逐漸增加,在第9周,與普通飲食組小鼠比較,有統(tǒng)計學差異(P<0.05),說明本實驗高脂飲食喂養(yǎng)可以成功誘導C57BL/6小鼠肥胖。此造模方法與人類高脂肪、高蛋白,缺乏運動導致肥胖的過程相相似。繼續(xù)喂養(yǎng)4周后取小鼠血清及脂肪組織,本課題的前期研究結果顯示:高脂飲食誘導肥胖大鼠血清胰島素水平升高,存在高胰島素血癥,胰島素抵抗[5],本實驗中小鼠存在著肥胖和高胰島素血癥。
PAI-1是一種可由脂肪組織合成和分泌的細胞因子[6],主要滅活組織型纖溶酶原激活物(tissue plasminogen activator,t-PA),作為纖溶活性的中心環(huán)節(jié),PAI-1水平的升高將直接導致纖溶活性受損,與肥胖、胰島素抵抗、2型糖尿病及心血管疾病密切相關[7]本實驗檢測肥胖小鼠血清PAI-1水平發(fā)現,高脂組PAI-1水平升高,與對照組比較有統(tǒng)計學差異,肥胖小鼠存在著高胰島素血癥,胰島素可誘導PAI-1表達,與文獻報道一致。
脂肪組織作為循環(huán)中PAI-1濃度增加的主要來源,但僅僅是內臟型肥胖而非外周肥胖與PAI-1濃度顯著相關,進而增加2型糖尿病、心血管疾病的易患性。并且無論肥胖與否,腹部大網膜脂肪細胞PAI-1 mRNA表達水平均高于皮下脂肪細胞[8],那么PAI-1基因的轉錄調節(jié)在內臟脂肪和皮下脂肪中是否有所不同
FOXC2可調控脂肪細胞分化,調節(jié)血脂、體脂及胰島素敏感性,減輕高脂飲食誘導的肥胖和胰島素抵抗[9-11],同時可能通過調控一系列基因表達,最終使產熱增加,參與肥胖的發(fā)生。FOXC2和FOXO1在調控胰島素誘導的PAI-1表達方面發(fā)揮重要作用。其調控過程可歸納為:胰島素刺激FOXC2的表達,而激活的FOXC2通過結合到PAI-1啟動子的胰島素反應原件(insulin response element,IRE)和鄰近Smad結合位點的叉頭框結合原件(foxhead-binding element,FBE)上調PAI-1表達,在此過程中可能涉及到TGF-β/Smad信號途徑[12]。FOXO1則通過抑制TGF-β/Smad信號途徑抑制PAI-1表達,但在高胰島素狀態(tài)下,由于PI3K/Akt信號通路激活使下游的FOXO1磷酸化而失活,使其失去抑制TGF-β誘導的PAI-1表達[13-14]。另一方面FOXO1可通過與FOXC2競爭IRE來拮抗FOXC2而調節(jié)PAI-1啟動子。研究發(fā)現PAI-1基因敲除小鼠能抵抗高脂飲食誘導的肥胖,且機體能量的消耗、胰島素和葡萄糖的敏感性均有所增加[15]。Cederberg等[16]體外實驗表明,用胰島素或TNF來刺激小鼠脂肪細胞后,小鼠FOXO2 mRNA水平增高,而生長激素無此作用。研究顯示肥胖者血漿PAI-1水平和脂肪細胞PAI-1 mRNA的表達均高于非肥胖者。
本實驗通過檢測肥胖小鼠不同部位脂肪組織中PAI-1、FOXC2、FOXO1mRNA的表達水平,探討是否是脂肪細胞中FOXC2、FOXO1表達水平的差異影響PAI-1水平的表達。結果顯示:肥胖小鼠附睪周圍脂肪組織和皮下脂肪組織FOXC2、FOXO1的表達均有影響,可使PAI-1、FOXC2 mRNA表達水平增高,FOXO1mRNA表達降低,與對照組比較,均有統(tǒng)計學差異。因此,在內臟型及外周型肥胖狀態(tài)下,由于內臟脂肪和皮下脂肪在FOXC2、FOXO1 mRNA表達上的差異,或者FOXC2、FOXO1對PAI-1啟動子的相互競爭作用,或者兩者對胰島素反應能力的差異,導致內臟脂肪和皮下脂肪PAI-1合成和表達的不同,從而使罹患糖脂代謝紊亂和心血管疾病的風險不同。
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[16] Cerd erberg A,Gronning LM,Ahren B,et al.FOXC2 is a winged helix gene that counteracts obesity, hypertrig lyceridemia, and diet induced insulin resistance[J].Cell,2001,106(5):563-573.
(收稿日期:2014-05-30)endprint
[7] Serrano R,Barrenetxe J,Orbe J,et al.Tissue-specific PAI-1 gene expression and glycosylation pattern in insulin-resistant old rats[J].Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol,2009,297(5):R1563-R1569.
[8] Lefebvre AM,Laville M,Vega N,et al.Depot-specific differences in adipose tissue gene expression in lean and obese subjects[J].Diabetes,1998,47(1):98-103.
[9] 彭曉韌,鄒大進.脂肪組織FOXC2表達水平與肥胖和胰島素抵抗的關系[J].醫(yī)學研究生學報,2008,6:614-618.
[10] 念馨,衛(wèi)俊杰,蘇艷丹,等.內臟脂肪組織FOXC2 mRNA表達水平與2型糖尿病的關系[J].中國組織工程研究與臨床康復,2011,15(50):9496-9500.
[11] 彭曉韌.脂肪組織FOXC2蛋白表達與肥胖和胰島素抵抗的關系[D].上海:第二軍醫(yī)大學,2013.
[12] Fujita H,Kang M,Eren M,et al.Foxc2 is a common mediator of insulin and transforming growth factor beta signaling to regulate plasminogen activator inhibitor type I gene expression[J].Circ Res,2006, 98(5):626-634.
[13] Jung YA,Lee KM,Kim MK,et al.Forkhead transcription factor FoxO1 inhibits insulin and transforming growth factor-beta-stimulated plasminogen activator inhibitor expression[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2009,386(4):757-761.
[14] 王芳.代謝綜合征相關基因多態(tài)性的研究進展[J].醫(yī)學綜述,2013,19(7):1267-1269.
[15] Ma LJ,Mao SL,Taylor KL,et al.Prevention of obesity and insulin resistance in mice lacking plasminogen activator inhibitor 1[J].Diabetes,2004,53(2):336-346.
[16] Cerd erberg A,Gronning LM,Ahren B,et al.FOXC2 is a winged helix gene that counteracts obesity, hypertrig lyceridemia, and diet induced insulin resistance[J].Cell,2001,106(5):563-573.
(收稿日期:2014-05-30)endprint
[7] Serrano R,Barrenetxe J,Orbe J,et al.Tissue-specific PAI-1 gene expression and glycosylation pattern in insulin-resistant old rats[J].Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol,2009,297(5):R1563-R1569.
[8] Lefebvre AM,Laville M,Vega N,et al.Depot-specific differences in adipose tissue gene expression in lean and obese subjects[J].Diabetes,1998,47(1):98-103.
[9] 彭曉韌,鄒大進.脂肪組織FOXC2表達水平與肥胖和胰島素抵抗的關系[J].醫(yī)學研究生學報,2008,6:614-618.
[10] 念馨,衛(wèi)俊杰,蘇艷丹,等.內臟脂肪組織FOXC2 mRNA表達水平與2型糖尿病的關系[J].中國組織工程研究與臨床康復,2011,15(50):9496-9500.
[11] 彭曉韌.脂肪組織FOXC2蛋白表達與肥胖和胰島素抵抗的關系[D].上海:第二軍醫(yī)大學,2013.
[12] Fujita H,Kang M,Eren M,et al.Foxc2 is a common mediator of insulin and transforming growth factor beta signaling to regulate plasminogen activator inhibitor type I gene expression[J].Circ Res,2006, 98(5):626-634.
[13] Jung YA,Lee KM,Kim MK,et al.Forkhead transcription factor FoxO1 inhibits insulin and transforming growth factor-beta-stimulated plasminogen activator inhibitor expression[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2009,386(4):757-761.
[14] 王芳.代謝綜合征相關基因多態(tài)性的研究進展[J].醫(yī)學綜述,2013,19(7):1267-1269.
[15] Ma LJ,Mao SL,Taylor KL,et al.Prevention of obesity and insulin resistance in mice lacking plasminogen activator inhibitor 1[J].Diabetes,2004,53(2):336-346.
[16] Cerd erberg A,Gronning LM,Ahren B,et al.FOXC2 is a winged helix gene that counteracts obesity, hypertrig lyceridemia, and diet induced insulin resistance[J].Cell,2001,106(5):563-573.
(收稿日期:2014-05-30)endprint