劉恩太，李園園，胡艷麗，孫傳香，毛志泉,*

(1. 山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)園藝科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院/作物生物學(xué)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室， 泰安 271018；2. 青島明月藍(lán)海生物科技有限公司， 青島 266400； 3. 山東銀香偉業(yè)集團(tuán)有限公司， 菏澤 274400)

棉隆對(duì)蘋果連作土壤微生物及平邑甜茶幼苗生長(zhǎng)的影響

劉恩太1，3，李園園2，胡艷麗1，孫傳香1，毛志泉1,*

(1. 山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)園藝科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院/作物生物學(xué)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室， 泰安 271018；2. 青島明月藍(lán)海生物科技有限公司， 青島 266400； 3. 山東銀香偉業(yè)集團(tuán)有限公司， 菏澤 274400)

以生產(chǎn)上常用蘋果砧木——平邑甜茶為試材，盆栽條件下研究了棉隆微粒劑對(duì)蘋果連作土壤微生物及平邑甜茶幼苗生長(zhǎng)的影響。結(jié)果表明：與重茬(對(duì)照CK)相比，棉隆處理極顯著(P< 0.01)降低了連作土壤中真菌數(shù)量，降幅達(dá)58.8%，細(xì)菌和放線菌數(shù)量分別顯著(P< 0.05)降低15.3%、8.5%，細(xì)菌/真菌增加108.8%，放線菌/真菌增加124.2%；棉隆使連作條件下平邑甜茶單株幼苗根系長(zhǎng)度、根表面積、根體積和根系活力分別提高421.4%、426.5%、171.7%、48.8%。平邑甜茶植株葉面積以及葉片中葉綠素a、b含量、凈光合速率均極顯著提高，分別增加162.6%、14.9%、15.0%、24.0%，葉片同化能力增強(qiáng)；植株長(zhǎng)勢(shì)增強(qiáng)，株高和地徑均極顯著提高，植株地上干鮮重和地下干鮮重也得到了極顯著性增加，最高增加幅度達(dá)2.2 倍。綜上，棉隆處理后蘋果連作土壤中微生物數(shù)量降低，而細(xì)菌與真菌比值、放線菌與真菌比值增加，平邑甜茶幼苗植株長(zhǎng)勢(shì)增強(qiáng)，棉隆可有效減輕蘋果連作障礙發(fā)生。

棉隆；連作；平邑甜茶；微生物

隨著蘋果園進(jìn)入老齡化階段，果園更新和連作(重茬)栽培在所難免。蘋果連作障礙是在原地連作栽培時(shí)所發(fā)生的綜合病癥，主要表現(xiàn)為蘋果植株新梢生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育遲鈍、生長(zhǎng)勢(shì)減弱，甚至植株死亡，果園壽命縮短，蘋果連作障礙在世界各蘋果主產(chǎn)區(qū)普遍發(fā)生[1- 2]，其發(fā)病原因復(fù)雜，常歸因于非生物因素和生物因素，且生物因素是主要原因[3- 4]。Rumberger等[5]研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)在老蘋果園中，根際細(xì)菌和真菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了一定變化。Mazzola等[6]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)蘋果再植園土壤中微生物系統(tǒng)隨著栽培時(shí)間的增加而發(fā)生變化，認(rèn)為導(dǎo)致蘋果連作障礙直接原因?yàn)橥寥牢⑸锶郝浣M成的變化。van Schoor等[7]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)鐮刀菌、疫霉菌、絲核菌、腐霉菌等有害真菌與蘋果連作障礙有一定的關(guān)系。目前，客土、輪作、施用有機(jī)物料、選擇抗性砧木及土壤熏蒸等可減輕蘋果連作障礙。而在生產(chǎn)中，客土成本高[8]，輪作不宜長(zhǎng)期使用且防治效果不如土壤熏蒸，施用有機(jī)物料在一些地區(qū)取材不便等種種因素限制著其在生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用。土壤化學(xué)熏蒸是克服連作病害有效措施，在生產(chǎn)中廣泛應(yīng)用[9- 10]。而一些化學(xué)物質(zhì)由于對(duì)環(huán)境存在危害逐漸被禁止，如溴甲烷[11]。因此尋找高效、低毒、低成本的環(huán)保型土壤熏蒸措施非常重要。棉隆，又名必速滅、壟鑫、二甲噻嗪，分子式C5H10N2S2，為環(huán)保型廣譜性土壤熏蒸消毒劑，可殺滅土壤中真菌、細(xì)菌、線蟲、雜草種子等[12- 16]。本研究以生產(chǎn)常用蘋果砧木平邑甜茶為試材，探討棉隆對(duì)蘋果連作土壤微生物及平邑甜茶幼苗生長(zhǎng)的影響，為減緩蘋果連作障礙提供新方法及理論依據(jù)。

1 材料與方法

1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料與處理

試驗(yàn)于2012 年在山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)園藝科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院/作物生物學(xué)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行。供試材料為平邑甜茶(MalushupehensisRehd.)，于4 ℃左右將平邑甜茶種子層積30 d，種子露白后在育苗盤播種育苗。幼苗長(zhǎng)至6 片真葉將其移至裝有7.5 kg蘋果連作土的外徑29 cm，內(nèi)徑25 cm，深20 cm的泥瓦盆中。試驗(yàn)用連作土取自山東省泰安市寧陽縣磁窯鎮(zhèn)20 年生紅富士蘋果園，砧木為八棱海棠(M.micromalus)，土壤類型為褐土，土壤pH為7.4，硝態(tài)氮含量為11.39 mg/kg，銨態(tài)氮含量為2.32 mg/kg，速效鉀含量為70.0 mg/kg，速效磷含量為25.4 mg/kg，有機(jī)質(zhì)含量為5.1 g/kg。蘋果連作土收集于距樹干1 m，深5—40 cm范圍內(nèi)的土壤，多點(diǎn)取樣，混勻使用。蘋果連作土均勻裝盆，設(shè)為CK；于栽植幼苗前45 d將棉隆(98%微粒劑)施入蘋果連作土壤中，每盆施入棉隆3.75 g，充分混勻后裝盆，設(shè)為T，放置45 d后(4 月27 日)種植幼苗。每盆栽植幼苗2 株，每處理30 盆。采樣時(shí)，各處理隨機(jī)選取3 盆，每盆選取1 棵植株進(jìn)行測(cè)定，即每處理3 次重復(fù)。

1.2 測(cè)定方法

1.2.1 植株生物量的測(cè)定

于7 月15 日、8 月15 日、9 月15 日用常規(guī)方法測(cè)定幼苗植株株高和地徑。于8 月15日完整取出植株地上部和根系，清洗干凈，陰涼處晾干后測(cè)定地上部干重和根系干重；再將地上部和根系烘干后測(cè)定干重。

1.2.2 葉綠素含量的測(cè)定

參照趙世杰等[17]的方法于8 月15 日統(tǒng)一選取幼苗同一部位6—9 片健康成熟葉片，洗凈，擦干后用剪刀切碎，取樣品0.2 g，加20 mL，80%丙酮，置于暗處浸提24 h，于665、649、470 nm下比色，由下列公式求得葉綠素、類胡蘿卜素的含量[17]：

Ca=13.95D665-6.88D649

Cb=24.96D649-7.32D665

式中，D470、D649、D665分別為提取液在波長(zhǎng)470 nm、649 nm、665 nm下的光密度；Ca、Cb分別為葉綠素a、葉綠素b。

1.2.3 葉面積和凈光合速率的測(cè)定

于8 月15 日統(tǒng)一選取幼苗同一部位健康成熟葉片，利用PP-Systems公司生產(chǎn)的CIRAS- 2型便攜式自動(dòng)光合儀測(cè)定葉片凈光合速率。于9：30—10:30天氣晴朗時(shí)測(cè)定。用常規(guī)法測(cè)定葉面積。

1.2.4 根系相關(guān)指標(biāo)的測(cè)定

于8 月15 日將幼苗取出，根系小心用水洗凈后，將根系放于盛有水的硬塑料板中，并將根系展開，用專業(yè)版WinRHIZO(2007 年版)根系分析系統(tǒng)分析處理樣品圖像，記錄根系表面積、體積、長(zhǎng)度和根尖數(shù)。采用趙世杰等[17]TTC比色法測(cè)定根系活力。

1.2.5 土壤微生物的測(cè)定

8 月15 日采集土樣，細(xì)菌采用牛肉膏蛋白胨培養(yǎng)基，真菌采用馬丁氏培養(yǎng)基，放線菌常用高氏1 號(hào)培養(yǎng)基。微生物的培養(yǎng)采用平板梯度稀釋培養(yǎng)法[18]。

1.2.6 數(shù)據(jù)處理

采用SPSS 18統(tǒng)計(jì)分析軟件進(jìn)行t檢驗(yàn)：P<0.05，有顯著差異；P<0.01，有極顯著差異。

2 結(jié)果與分析

2.1 棉隆對(duì)連作條件下植株株高、地徑及生物量的影響

如圖1所示，CK和T處理之間株高、地徑在7、8、9 月份表現(xiàn)出相同的趨勢(shì)：T > CK，差異均達(dá)到極顯著性水平(不同大寫字母代表處理間達(dá)到0.01水平極顯著差異)。棉隆處理均提高了連作條件下平邑甜茶幼苗的株高和地徑，株高增幅為63%—100%，地徑增幅為59%—117%。

圖1 棉隆對(duì)植株株高、地徑的影響Fig.1 Effects of dazomet on plant height and geoxyl

由表1可知，CK與T之間地上干、鮮重、地下干、鮮重均存在極顯著性差異。植株地上、地下干鮮重增加幅度為160.6%—223.9%。因此，棉隆處理極顯著提高了連作條件下平邑甜茶幼苗生物量。

表1 棉隆對(duì)單株幼苗干鮮重的影響

*P< 0.05，差異顯著；**P< 0.01，差異極顯著；CK：重茬對(duì)照

2.2 棉隆對(duì)植株葉面積、葉片葉綠素含量和凈光合速率的影響

棉隆處理對(duì)連作條件下平邑甜茶幼苗葉片相關(guān)指標(biāo)的影響如表2所示，T處理葉面積、葉綠素含量及凈光合速率均高于CK。與CK相比，T處理植株葉片葉面積、凈光合速率、葉綠素a含量、葉綠素b含量顯著上升，葉面積分別增加162.6%、24.0%、14.9%、15.0%，差異均達(dá)到極顯著性水平。

表2 棉隆對(duì)單株幼苗葉面積、葉片凈光合速率和葉綠素含量的影響

2.3 棉隆對(duì)連作條件下平邑甜茶根系的影響

如表3所示，CK與T處理之間幼苗根系根長(zhǎng)度、根表面積、根體積和根系活力均存在極顯著性差異。與CK相比，T處理植株根系根長(zhǎng)度、根表面積、根體積和根系活力分別增加421.4%、426.5%、171.7%、48.8%。

表3 棉隆對(duì)單株幼苗根系的影響

2.4 連作條件下不同處理對(duì)土壤微生物的影響

由表4可知，CK與T處理土壤中細(xì)菌和放線菌數(shù)量存在顯著差異，而真菌數(shù)量存在極顯著差異。與CK相比，T處理土壤中細(xì)菌、放線菌和真菌數(shù)量分別降低15.3%、8.5%、58.8%，真菌降低幅度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于細(xì)菌和放線菌。因此，T處理使連作土壤中細(xì)菌/真菌和放線菌/真菌增加，增加幅度分別為108.8%、124.2%。

3 結(jié)論與討論

蘋果連作障礙是國(guó)內(nèi)外蘋果主產(chǎn)區(qū)普遍存在的問題。蘋果連作條件下，蘋果植株根系數(shù)量減少、功能減弱，生長(zhǎng)勢(shì)減弱。蘋果連作障礙是由生物和非生物因素引起。有研究認(rèn)為蘋果連作障礙主要原因?yàn)橥寥乐形⑸锶郝浣M成發(fā)生變化、有害真菌數(shù)量增加等生物因素。目前，土壤熏蒸消毒是克服蘋果連作障礙的有效方法之一。棉隆是一種環(huán)保型廣譜性土壤熏蒸消毒劑，其消毒原理為：當(dāng)棉隆同潮濕土壤接觸時(shí)能轉(zhuǎn)化成具有土壤消毒特性的揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)如異硫氰酸甲酯氣體[12, 14]，能夠殺死土壤中線蟲、有害昆蟲、真菌、細(xì)菌、雜草種子等。Mao等[11]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，棉隆能夠大幅度降低黃瓜連作土壤中Fusariumspp.和Phytophthoraspp. 2 種主要有害真菌。同時(shí)，F(xiàn)usariumspp.和Phytophthoraspp.也是引起蘋果連作障礙的主要有害真菌[7]。土壤中微生物與土壤系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性和功能發(fā)揮存在重要關(guān)系。土壤中真菌、細(xì)菌、放線菌三大類微生物數(shù)量直接影響著土壤生化活性及土壤養(yǎng)分的組成和轉(zhuǎn)化，其中多數(shù)真菌是重要的植物病原菌，同時(shí)也有與植株共生或?yàn)橹参锾峁I(yíng)養(yǎng)、水分等的有益真菌。一般而言，土壤中放線菌和細(xì)菌數(shù)量越多，真菌數(shù)量越少，細(xì)菌/真菌越高，就越有利于作物生長(zhǎng)[19- 20]。本研究表明棉隆極顯著性降低了蘋果連作土壤中真菌、細(xì)菌和放線菌數(shù)量，降低幅度由大到小依次為：真菌 > 細(xì)菌 > 放線菌。因此，棉隆使蘋果連作土壤中細(xì)菌/真菌和放線菌/真菌增加。同時(shí)棉隆處理后根系長(zhǎng)度、表面積、體積等顯著增加，可能由于棉隆處理后土壤中真菌數(shù)量大幅度降低，細(xì)菌與真菌比值極顯著增加，從而改善了連作土壤環(huán)境，為平邑甜茶植株根系創(chuàng)造了良好的生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境。棉隆處理后根系數(shù)量和功能增加進(jìn)而有利于地上部生理活動(dòng)的進(jìn)行。本研究地上相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，棉隆處理后，葉片中葉綠素含量顯著增加，凈光合速率顯著提升，光合作用是果樹植株?duì)I養(yǎng)生長(zhǎng)和生殖生長(zhǎng)的基礎(chǔ)和重要生理功能，凈光合速率是衡量植株葉片光合生產(chǎn)能力的主要參數(shù)，光合作用主要依賴于葉綠體內(nèi)的色素，而葉片中葉綠素含量的高低能夠反映葉片光合作用能力，影響著植株葉片凈光合速率和同化物的積累，棉隆處理后植株葉片中葉綠素含量及凈光合速率均顯著增加，因此植株活力增強(qiáng)，從而使得連作條件下平邑甜茶植株株高、地徑和植株干鮮重顯著提高。應(yīng)用棉隆進(jìn)行土壤熏蒸消毒簡(jiǎn)便易行、低毒高效，但棉隆具有滅生性，對(duì)植物也有一定毒害，故使用時(shí)應(yīng)在種植作物前進(jìn)行，且注意使用濃度及熏蒸時(shí)間，熏蒸后確保充分透氣，保證無殘留藥害。

表4 棉隆對(duì)土壤微生物的影響

棉隆微粒劑處理蘋果連作土壤使土壤中真菌數(shù)量顯著減少，細(xì)菌與真菌比值增加，植株根系數(shù)量和功能增加，光合作用增強(qiáng)，植株生物量增加1.6 至2.2 倍。因此，棉隆微粒劑可有效減輕蘋果連作障礙。

[1] Mazzola M, Manici L M. Apple replant disease: role of microbial ecology in cause and control. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2012, 50(1): 45- 65.

[2] Laurent A S, Merwin I A, Fazio G, Thies J E, Brown M G. Rootstock genotype succession influences apple replant disease and root-zone microbial community composition in an orchard soil. Plant and Soil, 2010, 337(1/2): 259- 272.

[3] Tewoldemedhin Y T, Mazzola M, Mostert L, McLeod A.Cylindrocarponspecies associated with apple tree roots in South Africa and their quantification using real-time PCR. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2011, 129(4): 637- 651.

[4] Tewoldemedhin Y T, Mazzola M, Botha W J, Spies C F J, McLeod A. Characterization of fungi (FusariumandRhizoctonia) and oomycetes (PhytophthoraandPythium) associated with apple orchards in South Africa. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2011, 130(2): 215- 229.

[5] Rumberger A, Merwin I A, Thies J E. Microbial community development in the rhizosphere of apple trees at a replant disease site. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2007, 39(7): 1645- 1654.

[6] Mazzola M. Transformation of soil microbial community structure and Rhizoctonia-suppressive potential in response to apple roots. Phytopathology, 1999, 89(10): 920- 927.

[7] van Schoor L, Denman S, Cook N. Characterisation of apple replant disease under South African conditions and potential biological management strategies. Scientia Horticulturae, 2009, 119(2): 153- 162.

[8] Wojcik P, Klamkowski K. Response of ‘Jonagold’ apple trees in the first three years after planting to mono-ammonium phosphate fertilization under replant problem conditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2005, 28(8): 1397- 1411.

[9] Koch B L, Covey R P, Haglund W. Effect of soil fumigation on the early growth and production of ‘Delicious’ apple trees. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science, 1980, 105(6): 887- 890.

[10] Yao S, Merwin I A, Abawi G S, Thies J E. Soil fumigation and compost amendment alter soil microbial community composition but do not improve tree growth or yield in an apple replant site. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2006, 38(3): 587- 599.

[11] Mao L G, Wang Q X, Yan D D, Xie H W, Li Y, Guo M X, Cao A C. Evaluation of the combination of 1, 3-dichloropropene and dazomet as an efficient alternative to methyl bromide for cucumber production in China. Pest Management Science, 2012, 68(4): 602- 609.

[12] Fu C H, Hu B Y, Chang T T, Hsueh K L, Hsu W T. Evaluation of dazomet as fumigant for the control of brown root rot disease. Pest Management Science, 2012, 68(7): 959- 962.

[13] Ohata C, Yoneda M. Allergic contact dermatitis due to dazomet absorbed by agricultural rubber boots. Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 2013, 93(1): 81- 82.

[14] Brosnan J T, Breeden G K. Surface applications of Dazomet provide nonselective control of seashore Paspalum (Paspalumvaginatum) turf. Weed Technology, 2009, 23(2): 270- 273.

[15] Spokas K, Wang D, Venterea R. Greenhouse gas production and emission from a forest nursery soil following fumigation with chloropicrin and methyl isothiocyanate. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2005, 37(3): 475- 485.

[17] Zhao S J, Shi G A, Dong X C. Techniques for Plant Physiology Experiments. Beijing: Chinese Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 2002: 47- 57.

[18] Soil Microbial Section, Institute of Soil Research, China Academy of Sciences. Soil Microbial Test Method. Beijing: Science Press, 1985: 40- 59.

[19] Sun X S, Feng H S, Wan S B, Zuo X Q. Changes of main microbial strains and enzymes activities in peanut continuous cropping soil and their interactions. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2001, 27(5): 617- 621.

[20] Wu H Y, Fan Z W, Liu C G, Wang H L, Zhou P, Liu W R. Analysis on the regularity and influence factors of change of soil micro flora under maize planting technology of conservation tillage. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2008, 16(4): 135- 139.

參考文獻(xiàn):

[17] 趙世杰, 史國(guó)安, 董新純. 植物生理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)指導(dǎo). 北京: 中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科技出版社, 2002: 47- 57.

[18] 中國(guó)科學(xué)院南京土壤研究所微生物室. 土壤微生物研究法. 北京: 科學(xué)出版杜, 1985: 40- 59.

[19] 孫秀山, 封海勝, 萬書波, 左學(xué)青. 連作花生田主要微生物類群與土壤酶活性變化及其交互作用. 作物學(xué)報(bào), 2001, 27(5): 617- 621.

[20] 吳海燕, 范作偉, 劉春光, 王海玲, 周平, 劉武仁. 保護(hù)性耕作條件下玉米田土壤微生物區(qū)系變化與影響因素分析. 玉米科學(xué), 2008, 16(4): 135- 139.

Effects of dazomet on edaphon and growth ofMalushupehensisrehd. under continuous apple cropping

LIU Entai1，3, LI Yuanyuan2, HU Yanli1, SUN Chuanxiang1, MAO Zhiquan1,*

1CollegeofHorticulturalScienceandEngineering，ShandongAgricultureUniversity/StateKeyLaboratoryofCropBiology，Taian271018，China2QingdaoBrightMoonBlueseaBio-TechCo,LTD，Qingdao，Shandong266400，China3GoodEarthGroup，Heze，Shandong274400，China

ARP (Apple replant problem, ARP), which is also known as the continuous cropping obstacles of apple, influences the cultivation of replanted fruit trees. It occurs in all major apple planting regions throughout the world. Generally, it is believed that both biotic and abiotic factors act together to cause ARP, and that the biotic factors are recognized as the main cause of continuous cropping obstacles. This study aims to examine the responses ofMalushupehensisRehd. and edaphon to dazomet, which was used to alleviate ARP, and to develop an effective method to prevent and cure ARP. The study was carried out in 2012 at the State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Horticulture of Shandong Agricultural University. The trees were planted in pairs in containers filled with loamy sand. The apple sick soil was originated from a remediate 20-year-old apple orchard. The soil was mixed with dazomet at the ratio of 0.5 g/kg before tree planting. Trees grown in the soil untreated with dazomet served as the control. Trees were dripirrigated consistently. The results showed that compared with the control, dazomet inhibited the growth of fungi, actinomycetes and bacteria under continuous cropping conditions. Dazomet treatments noticeably decreased the numbers of fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes by 58.8% (P<0.01), 15.3% and 8.5% (P< 0.05), respectively. Therefore, dazomet had the most inhibition effect on fungi, and the lowest on actinomycetes. With respect to the ratio of bacteria ( actinomycetes) to fungi，the ratio of bacteria and actinomycetes to fungi increased by 108.8% and 124.2%, respectively. Compared with control, the dazomet had significantly increased the length of roots, surface area of roots, total roots volume and root activity by 4.2, 4.3, 1.7, 0.49 times, respectively. The dazomet generally enhanced root biomass and improved the function of root under continuous cropping conditions. All these differences in content were statistically significant (P< 0.01). The roots play crucial roles in plant. The roots affect the growth and development of aboveground plant, which inclued the growth of foliage, starkrimsom of leaves, forming of flower buds and the reproductive growth of trees. The assimilation ability of leaves increased upon treated with dazomet under continuous cropping conditions. Compared with the control, the area of leaves, content of chlorophyll a, content of chlorophyll b and net photosynthetic rate significantly (P< 0.01) increased by 162.6%, 14.9%, 15.0%, 24.0%, respectively, after treated with dazomet. Plant height, geoxyl, root and shoot biomass showed a general growth (P<0.01). The dry weight of the plant above the ground and underground also had extremely significant increase (P<0.01). The highest increase rate was up to 2.2 times. In conclusion, the above-mentioned parameters show that dazomet improved vigor of trees by inhibiting the growth of fungi, actinomycetes, bacteria on replant disease sites.

dazomet; continuous cropping;MalushupehensisRehd.; edaphon

現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)專項(xiàng)資金資助項(xiàng)目( CARS- 28); 山東省農(nóng)業(yè)重大應(yīng)用技術(shù)創(chuàng)新課題資助項(xiàng)目; 教育部長(zhǎng)江學(xué)者和創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃資助項(xiàng)目(IRT1155)

2013- 06- 09;

2013- 10- 21

10.5846/stxb201306091546

*通訊作者Corresponding author.E-mail: mzhiquan@sdau.edu.cn

劉恩太，李園園，胡艷麗，孫傳香，毛志泉.棉隆對(duì)蘋果連作土壤微生物及平邑甜茶幼苗生長(zhǎng)的影響.生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào),2014,34(4):847- 852.

Liu E T, Li Y Y, Hu Y L, Sun C X, Mao Z Q.Effects of dazomet on edaphon and growth ofMalushupehensisrehd. under continuous apple cropping.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(4):847- 852.