林 靈韓梅梅王 芳申華莉,2余紅秀,3△楊芃原,2
(1復(fù)旦大學(xué)生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究院 上海 200032;2復(fù)旦大學(xué)化學(xué)系,3生命科學(xué)學(xué)院 上海 200433)
靶向干擾CXCR7基因表達對肝癌(HCC)細(xì)胞增殖及凋亡的影響
林 靈1韓梅梅1王 芳1申華莉1,2余紅秀1,3△楊芃原1,2
(1復(fù)旦大學(xué)生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究院 上海 200032;2復(fù)旦大學(xué)化學(xué)系,3生命科學(xué)學(xué)院 上海 200433)
目的探討CXCR7基因在不同肝癌細(xì)胞系及肝癌組織中的表達情況,并研究靶向抑制CXCR7基因表達對肝癌細(xì)胞增殖及凋亡的影響。方法應(yīng)用Western blot檢測不同肝癌細(xì)胞系及10例肝癌組織中CXCR7蛋白的表達水平。采用短發(fā)夾狀RNA(short hairpin RNA,sh RNA)干擾技術(shù)沉默HCCLM3與MHCC97L細(xì)胞中CXCR7基因的表達,分別采用Western Blot和qRT-PCR檢測shRNA的靶向沉默效果。通過CCK-8增殖實驗與Annexin V-FITC/PI細(xì)胞雙染色研究CXCR7抑制對HCCLM3與MHCC97L增殖及凋亡的影響。結(jié)果CXCR7表達水平與肝癌細(xì)胞的惡性程度呈正相關(guān),肝癌組織中CXCR7表達水平較癌旁顯著升高。實驗成功構(gòu)建了9個慢病毒表達載體,其中CXCR7 sh RNA-566序列干擾效率最高。增殖實驗顯示干擾表達組細(xì)胞生長速度受到明顯抑制(P<0.05);流式細(xì)胞儀分析顯示干擾CXCR7表達可誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡的發(fā)生。結(jié)論CXCR7表達水平與肝癌惡性程度呈正相關(guān),靶向干擾CXCR7表達可抑制細(xì)胞的增殖能力,誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞發(fā)生凋亡。
肝細(xì)胞肝癌(HCC);CXCR7基因; 短發(fā)夾狀RNA(sh RNA); 增殖能力; 細(xì)胞凋亡
原發(fā)性肝癌的主要分型為肝細(xì)胞肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC,以下簡稱肝癌),是高侵襲性的惡性腫瘤,早期癥狀不明顯,大多數(shù)患者就診時已至中晚期,整體預(yù)后很差。
趨化因子是一類相對分子質(zhì)量為8 000~12 000的小分子分泌蛋白,通過與細(xì)胞表面G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體結(jié)合來介導(dǎo)細(xì)胞的定向遷移和趨化。目前已發(fā)現(xiàn)20種趨化因子受體和50多種趨化因子[1-2]。趨化因子及其受體的相互作用在免疫調(diào)節(jié)、血管生成、干細(xì)胞分化、發(fā)育及定向遷移過程中起著重要作用[3]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),趨化因子及其受體在多種腫瘤細(xì)胞中呈高表達,發(fā)揮調(diào)控腫瘤相關(guān)的血管生成、促進腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖、控制腫瘤細(xì)胞遷移侵襲運動等生物學(xué)功能[4]。其中最令人矚目的是趨化因子受體CXCR4與其配體CXCL12的相互作用。
Muller等[5]在2001年首次報道了乳腺癌細(xì)胞高表達CXCR4,其配體CXCL12多表達于乳腺癌的特異轉(zhuǎn)移部位,如腋窩淋巴結(jié)、骨、肺和肝等,從而導(dǎo)致癌細(xì)胞的定向轉(zhuǎn)移。過去認(rèn)為CXCR4是CXCL12的唯一特異性受體,但Balabanian等[6]和Burns等[7]都發(fā)現(xiàn)CXCL12能與RDC1結(jié)合,因此將一直被當(dāng)作孤兒受體的RDC1更名為CXCR7。CXCR7作為CXCL12的第2受體,是一個具有7次跨膜結(jié)構(gòu)的G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體,在哺乳動物中高度保守。與CXCR4一樣,CXCR7可以作為HIV感染CD4陽性T細(xì)胞的協(xié)同受體;CXCR7還與CXCR4基因的編碼序列相鄰,提示CXCR7與CXCR4有許多相似性[8]。CXCR7與腫瘤的發(fā)生密切相關(guān),本研究擬觀察CXCR7在肝癌中的表達,探討CXCR7對人肝癌細(xì)胞生物學(xué)行為的影響,發(fā)掘CXCR7作為肝癌診斷標(biāo)志物的潛在價值。
材料和試劑人正常肝細(xì)胞L02,無轉(zhuǎn)移能力的人肝癌細(xì)胞系Hep G2、Hep3B、Huh7,轉(zhuǎn)移潛能依次增高的人肝癌細(xì)胞系MHCC97L、MHCC97H、HCCLM3、HCCLM6(以下簡稱為97L、97H、LM3、LM6)以及細(xì)胞系293T由本實驗室保存。10例肝癌組織標(biāo)本由復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬中山醫(yī)院肝癌研究所提供,肝癌切除術(shù)后經(jīng)病理組織學(xué)證實所有標(biāo)本均為肝細(xì)胞肝癌。慢病毒載體質(zhì)粒p LKO.1以及病毒包裝質(zhì)粒psPAX2和p MD2.G由復(fù)旦大學(xué)生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究院系統(tǒng)生物學(xué)實驗室賀福初教授惠贈。
質(zhì)粒抽提試劑盒(德國QIAGEN公司);RNA反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒、熒光定量PCR試劑盒(日本Ta KaRa公司);脂質(zhì)體轉(zhuǎn)染試劑Lipofectamine 2000TM、RNA提取試劑Trizol(美國Invitrogen公司);Bradford法蛋白定量試劑盒、PVDF膜(美國Bio-Rad公司);ECL化學(xué)發(fā)光試劑盒(美國Pierce公司);胎牛血清(美國Gibco公司);CCK-8細(xì)胞增殖檢測試劑盒(日本 Dojindo公司);FITCAnnexin V/PI凋亡檢測試劑盒(美國BD公司);短發(fā)夾狀RNA(short hairpin RNA,shRNA)干擾序列(美國Sigma公司);CXCR7多克隆抗體(美國Abcam公司);GAPDH多克隆抗體(中國康為公司);β-ACTIN多克隆抗體、HRP標(biāo)記IgG(中國金斯瑞公司)。
構(gòu)建CXCR7 shRNA重組慢病毒表達載體根據(jù)NCBI數(shù)據(jù)庫中CXCR7基因(Gene ID:57007)cDNA,設(shè)計9條針對CXCR7的sh RNA片段(表1)。將各組模板單鏈退火處理,2條Oligo寡核苷酸分別稀釋至1μg/m L,取5μL,加入10×緩沖液5μL、去離子水35μL,95℃孵育4 min,緩慢降至室溫。用限制性內(nèi)切酶AgeI和EcoRI雙酶切p LKO.1質(zhì)粒后電泳,切膠回收線性化質(zhì)粒,利用T4連接酶把退火的9對sh RNA寡核苷酸序列與線性化的p LKO.1慢病毒載體連接,重組質(zhì)粒經(jīng)酶切鑒定及測序得到正確克隆。將重組體轉(zhuǎn)化大腸埃希菌DH5α,篩選氨芐抗性克隆,搖菌擴增后抽提質(zhì)粒,分別命名為p LKO.1-CXCR7 sh RNA-1,2,3,4,5,139,205,300,566。
表1 CXCR7 shRNA序列信息(9片段)Tah 1 Sequence information ofCXCR7 shRNAs(nine sequences)
慢病毒介導(dǎo)的靶向干擾CXCR7表達通過病毒感染的方式將外源性DNA導(dǎo)入細(xì)胞并與宿主細(xì)胞染色體整合。具體步驟如下:(1)細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染:轉(zhuǎn)染前1天,接種293T細(xì)胞至細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)皿中,使轉(zhuǎn)染時細(xì)胞密度達到50%。將15μg p LKO.1-CXCR7 shRNAs(或p LKO.1空載體)與11.25μg psPAX2及3.75μg p MD2.G混合,脂質(zhì)體介導(dǎo)轉(zhuǎn)染293T細(xì)胞,6 h后換液8 mL。(2)病毒顆粒感染:轉(zhuǎn)染36 h后,將培養(yǎng)基吸出,201×g離心5 min,取含病毒顆粒的上清液感染目的細(xì)胞LM3;同時加入聚凝胺至終濃度8μg/mL以提高感染效率;3~5 h后補充相同體積的正常培養(yǎng)液和聚凝胺;24 h后再次感染。(3)篩選:感染48 h后,換液為正常培養(yǎng)基,同時用終濃度5.5μg/μL的嘌呤霉素進行篩選培養(yǎng);2周后得到穩(wěn)定敲低CXCR7表達的細(xì)胞株。
qRT-PCR測定CXCR7 mRNA水平首先用Trizol試劑抽提細(xì)胞總RNA,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄合成第一鏈c DNA。將反轉(zhuǎn)錄后的cDNA產(chǎn)物稀釋10倍,以GAPDH為內(nèi)參,用染料SYBR?Green I標(biāo)記產(chǎn)物。CXCR7上游引物5'-TGCATCTCTTCGACTACTCA-GA-3',下游引物5'-GGCATGTTGGGACACATCAC-3';GAPDH 上游引物5'-GGACCTGACCTGCCGTCTAG-3',下游引物 5'-GTAGCCCAGGATGCCCTTGA-3'。兩步法PCR擴增標(biāo)準(zhǔn)程序:95℃預(yù)變性30 s;95℃下5 s、60℃下34 s,共40個循環(huán);采集60℃反應(yīng)的熒光值,完成對目的基因的相對定量。
Western hlot測定CXCR7蛋白水平蛋白樣品用Bradford法測定濃度。每個泳道上樣30μg蛋白,經(jīng)SDS-PAGE膠電泳分離后,恒壓100 V持續(xù)90 min將凝膠內(nèi)的蛋白樣品電轉(zhuǎn)移至PVDF膜。5%脫脂牛奶室溫封閉2 h;將膜浸于稀釋好的一抗中,4℃過夜;TBST洗膜3次,適當(dāng)比例稀釋HRP標(biāo)記的二抗,室溫下20 rpm水平搖動孵育1 h;TBST洗膜3次,采用ECL化學(xué)發(fā)光系統(tǒng)顯色,獲得條帶的定量信息。
CCK-8法檢測細(xì)胞增殖取對數(shù)生長期的待測細(xì)胞,以細(xì)胞濃度2 000/孔接種于96孔板中。每孔加入10μL的DojindoTMCCK-8試劑,與待測細(xì)胞在培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi)避光共孵育2 h,然后用酶標(biāo)儀進行檢測,記錄D450值,繪制細(xì)胞增殖曲線。
FCM法檢測細(xì)胞凋亡采用BD Annexin V/PI凋亡檢測試劑盒,取適量10×Annexin V-FITC結(jié)合液,用去離子水稀釋至1×。用不含EDTA的胰酶消化貼壁細(xì)胞并計數(shù),取1×~5×Annexin VFITC結(jié)合液各500μL分別加入105個細(xì)胞,細(xì)胞重懸后加入5μL Annexin V-FITC染液,再加入5 μL PI染液,輕輕混勻,冰浴避光放置,1 h內(nèi)進行流式細(xì)胞儀檢測。
統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析采用GraphPad Prism 5.0軟件來分析數(shù)據(jù)并作圖,所有實驗至少進行3次獨立的重復(fù),結(jié)果以±s表示,參數(shù)變量組間差異采用Student's t檢驗,雙側(cè)P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
肝癌細(xì)胞系及肝癌組織中的CXCR7表達情況Western blot檢測CXCR7蛋白在人肝、肝癌細(xì)胞系中的表達水平,CXCR7在正常肝細(xì)胞系L02中幾乎不表達;在無轉(zhuǎn)移潛能的肝癌細(xì)胞系Hep G2、Hep3B、Huh7中表達較弱;在轉(zhuǎn)移潛能依次增高的97L、97H、LM3、LM6細(xì)胞中 CXCR7呈現(xiàn)高表達(圖1A)。Western blot檢測成對肝癌組織樣本中CXCR7的表達情況,10例肝癌患者癌及癌旁組織中的CXCR7,6對樣本癌組織中CXCR7表達水平較癌旁組織呈現(xiàn)上調(diào)趨勢,其余4對樣本癌和癌旁組織中的CXCR7表達無明顯差異(圖1B、1C)。
圖1 CXCR7在肝癌細(xì)胞系及肝癌與癌旁組織中的表達情況Fig 1 CXCR7 expression in HCC cell lines and HCC specimens with adJacent noncancerous liver tissuesA:Western blot analysis was performed to detect CXCR7 protein expression in 8 cell lines,β-actin was used as a control to ensure equal loading.B:Expression of CXCR7 in 10 pairs of HCC specimens with adjacent noncancerous liver tissues (a:Tumor tissues;b:Para-carcinoma),blue arrows represented the up-regulation of CXCR7 expression in tumor tissues.C:Quantitative evaluation of CXCR7 in HCC specimens was analyzed by Quantity One.HCC specimens have higher CXCR7 level than adjacent noncancerous liver tissues (N:Adjacent noncancerous tissues;T:Tumor tissues).
慢病毒重組質(zhì)粒的鑒定及CXCR7 shRNA干擾序列的篩選設(shè)計9條針對CXCR7的shRNA片段,構(gòu)建重組質(zhì)粒后檢測脂質(zhì)體介導(dǎo)的LM3細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染效率。將帶有熒光標(biāo)簽的pcDNA3.1-GFP質(zhì)粒與構(gòu)建好的慢病毒重組質(zhì)粒共轉(zhuǎn)LM3細(xì)胞,瞬時轉(zhuǎn)染48和72 h后,用熒光顯微鏡拍照。Lipofectamine 2000TM對LM3細(xì)胞毒性較小,細(xì)胞狀態(tài)基本良好;LM3細(xì)胞易于轉(zhuǎn)染,由GFP熒光強度估計轉(zhuǎn)染效率至少為60%,從而推測重組質(zhì)粒也能被高效地轉(zhuǎn)入LM3細(xì)胞中(圖2A)。構(gòu)建穩(wěn)定長效干擾CXCR7表達的LM3細(xì)胞株,以病毒顆粒LV-CXCR7 shRNA-3,4,5,139,566感染靶細(xì)胞,CXCR7蛋白表達水平下調(diào)明顯(圖2B);同時做兩個內(nèi)參,可見β-actin和GAPDH趨勢一致。進一步利用qRT-PCR對目的基因CXCR7進行相對定量檢測,以GAPDH為內(nèi)參,當(dāng)LV-CXCR7 shRNA-566感染LM3細(xì)胞時,CXCR7mRNA表達水平下調(diào)最為明顯(圖2C),提示慢病毒p LKO.1-CXCR7 shRNA-566表達載體對LM3細(xì)胞的CXCR7基因沉默效果較好。
干擾CXCR7表達對細(xì)胞增殖能力的影響CCK-8法分析CXCR7在細(xì)胞增殖中的作用。病毒顆粒LV-CXCR7 sh RNA-566感染靶細(xì)胞97L,嘌呤霉素篩選后,分別采用qRT-PCR和Western blot檢測干擾效率,CXCR7 m RNA和蛋白表達水平均顯著降低,表明靶向干擾CXCR7表達的97L穩(wěn)轉(zhuǎn)株構(gòu)建成功,可用于后續(xù)實驗(圖3A、3B)。抑制CXCR7表達組的生長曲線較平緩,與空白對照組LM3及陰性對照組LM3-p LKO.1相比,干擾表達組LM3-CXCR7 sh RNA-566細(xì)胞的生長速度下降(圖3C,P<0.05)。同理,與對照組相比,干擾97L細(xì)胞中CXCR7表達使細(xì)胞增殖能力減弱(P<0.05,圖3D)。
靶向抑制CXCR7表達對細(xì)胞凋亡率的影響用Annexin V-FITC與PI對細(xì)胞進行雙染色,流式細(xì)胞儀分析CXCR7在細(xì)胞凋亡中的作用。磷脂酰絲氨酸(phosphatidylserine,PS)在正常細(xì)胞中只存在于細(xì)胞膜的內(nèi)側(cè),凋亡早期PS由胞膜內(nèi)側(cè)翻轉(zhuǎn)到胞膜外側(cè),PS外翻可以通過Annexin V來檢測。LM3-CXCR7 sh RNA-566實驗組凋亡率為27.87%±0.53%,與對照組8.94%±0.13%相比,實驗組凋亡率明顯增高(圖4A、4B);97L-CXCR7 sh RNA-566實驗組凋亡率較對照組97L-p LKO.1也發(fā)生上調(diào)(圖4C、4D)。凋之結(jié)果提示下調(diào)CXCR7表達可誘導(dǎo)凋亡的發(fā)生。
圖2 構(gòu)建穩(wěn)定長效干擾CXCR7表達的LM3細(xì)胞株Fig 2 Stahle silencing of CXCR7 expression in LM3 cellsA:The transfection efficiency of LM3 cells was observed after transfection with recombinant plasmid for 48 and 72 h(×100);B:Western blot analyzed the efficiency of CXCR7 shRNAs;C:qRT-PCR confirmed the efficiency of CXCR7 specific shRNAs on CXCR7 mRNA expression.
圖3 干擾CXCR7表達對細(xì)胞增殖的影響Fig 3 The effect of depletion of CXCR7 on cell proliferationA and B:qRT-PCR and Western blot confirmed the efficiency of CXCR7 shRNA-566 on mRNA and protein expression of CXCR7,respectively;C and D:Stably transfected with a shRNA targeting CXCR7 in LM3 or 97L cells suppress cell proliferation.Asterisks indicate value vs.groups of LM3(or 97L)and LM3-p LKO.1(or 97L-p LKO.1),P<0.05.
CXCR7在多種腫瘤細(xì)胞表面及活化的內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞中表達,但在正常的上皮及間質(zhì)細(xì)胞中很少表達[9-11]。本研究比較了不同肝癌細(xì)胞系中CXCR7的內(nèi)源表達,也發(fā)現(xiàn)正常肝細(xì)胞L02與無轉(zhuǎn)移潛能的肝癌細(xì)胞Hep3B、HepG2和Huh7中CXCR7表達較低,而在有轉(zhuǎn)移潛能的肝癌細(xì)胞97L、97H、LM3、LM6中CXCR7表達量增高,提示CXCR7的表達與肝癌轉(zhuǎn)移潛能呈正相關(guān)。Miao等[11]發(fā)現(xiàn)乳腺癌、肺癌、橫紋肌肉瘤、宮頸癌原位灶均有CXCR7表達。本研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)肝癌組織中CXCR7蛋白表達水平較癌旁顯著提高。CXCR7蛋白在肝癌細(xì)胞及組織中均表達上調(diào),提示CXCR7在肝癌進程中可能發(fā)揮重要的作用。
正常細(xì)胞的生長受細(xì)胞周期的嚴(yán)格調(diào)控,而腫瘤細(xì)胞的生長呈失控狀態(tài),可持續(xù)分裂與增殖。本研究使用慢病毒載體系統(tǒng)靶向沉默肝癌細(xì)胞中CXCR7的表達,CCK-8增殖實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)CXCR7表達降低對細(xì)胞增殖呈明顯的抑制作用。維持組織生長平衡的過程中,細(xì)胞增殖與細(xì)胞凋亡相互協(xié)調(diào),尤其是細(xì)胞凋亡對組織更新和保持細(xì)胞數(shù)目恒定起重要作用。凋亡程序控制個體中大多數(shù)細(xì)胞,當(dāng)代謝紊亂或基因組損傷無法修復(fù)時,機體能激活凋亡途徑以清除有缺陷或者失活的細(xì)胞;而癌細(xì)胞能運用多種方式失活部分甚至全部凋亡機制而存活,并旺盛生長,因而有必要探索CXCR7表達水平與肝癌細(xì)胞的凋亡相關(guān)性。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)干擾CXCR7表達,LM3細(xì)胞早期凋亡率由對照組的6.90%±0.90%顯著上調(diào)為22.80%±0.86%;97 L細(xì)胞凋亡率由對照組的3.46%±0.52%上調(diào)為6.15%±1.03%。增殖實驗與凋亡檢測結(jié)果提示,CXCR7不僅能直接促進細(xì)胞增殖,還能通過抗凋亡的間接作用來促進腫瘤細(xì)胞生長。
圖4 干擾CXCR7表達對細(xì)胞凋亡的影響Fig 4 The effect ofCXCR7 expression on cell apoptosisA and B:Apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining,data showed a substantial proportion of apoptotic cells in LM3-CXCR7 sh RNA-566 group whereas the vector transfect cells contained relatively few apoptotic;C and D:Rate of apoptosis was increased when down-regulation of CXCR7 in 97L cells,percent of apoptotic cells were shown on the picture.
其他實驗室的工作也揭示了CXCR7的表達與腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖和凋亡密切相關(guān)。Burns等[7]發(fā)現(xiàn)過表達CXCR7的人乳腺癌細(xì)胞株與野生型對照組相比,細(xì)胞存活能力與增殖能力明顯增強。Xue等[12]通過siRNA技術(shù)干擾肝癌細(xì)胞株LM3中CXCR7表達,發(fā)現(xiàn)細(xì)胞增殖與侵襲能力均降低。在對膀胱癌與前列腺癌的研究中,也發(fā)現(xiàn)過表達CXCR7的細(xì)胞能通過阻止自身凋亡來促進細(xì)胞的增殖;而下調(diào)CXCR7表達能使細(xì)胞發(fā)生G1期阻滯從而抑制細(xì)胞的增殖效應(yīng)[9,13]。
本研究證實CXCR7表達與肝癌惡性進程正相關(guān),靶向沉默CXCR7表達可以抑制細(xì)胞增殖、誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡,提示CXCR7可能為肝癌治療提供一個新的靶點。但CXCR7在肝癌發(fā)生發(fā)展的調(diào)控過程中,是作為上游的細(xì)胞惡性轉(zhuǎn)化調(diào)控因子還是下游的具體執(zhí)行蛋白;是具有決定作用的關(guān)鍵蛋白還是只起到輔助作用的功能性蛋白,尚需要對CXCR7調(diào)控通路進行進一步的研究和探討才能明確。
[1] Allen SJ,Crown SE,Handel TM.Chemokine:receptor structure,interactions,and antagonism[J].Annu Rev Immunol,2007,25:787-820.
[2] Sun X,Cheng G,Hao M,et al.CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 chemokine axis and cancer progression[J].Cancer Metastasis Rev,2010,29(4):709-722.
[3] Olson TS,Ley K.Chemokines and chemokine receptors in leukocyte trafficking[J].Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol,2002,283(1):R7-28.
[4] O'Hayre M,Salanga CL,Handel TM,et al.Chemokines and cancer:migration,intracellular signalling and intercellular communication in the microenvironment[J].Biochem J,2008,409(3):635-649.
[5] Muller A,Homey B,Soto H,et al.Involvement of chemokine receptors in breast cancer metastasis[J].Nature,2001,410(6824):50-56.
[6] Balabanian K,Lagane B,Infantino S,et al.The chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12 binds to and signals through the orphan receptor RDC1 in T lymphocytes[J].J Biol Chem,2005,280(42):35760-35766.
[7] Burns JM,Summers BC,Wang Y,et al.A novel chemokine receptor for SDF-1 and I-TAC involved in cell survival,cell adhesion,and tumor development[J].J Exp Med,2006,203(9):2201-2213.
[8] Shimizu N,Soda Y,Kanbe K,et al.A putative G proteincoupled receptor,RDC1,is a novel coreceptor for human and simian immunodeficiency viruses[J].J Virol,2000,74(2):619-626.
[9] Hao MG,Zheng JH,Hou KL,et al.Role of chemokine receptor CXCR7 in bladder cancer progression[J].Biochem Pharmacol,2012,84(2):204-214.
[10] Tripathi V,Verma R,Dinda A,et al.Differential expression of RDC1/CXCR7 in the human placenta[J].J Clin Immunol,2009,29(3):379-386.
[11] Miao ZH,Luker KE,Summers BC,et al.CXCR7 (RDC1)promotes breast and lung tumor growthin vivoand is expressed on tumor-associated vasculature[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2007,104(40):15735-15740.
[12] Xue TC,Chen RX,Han D,et al.Down-regulation of CXCR7 inhibits the growth and lung metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells with highly metastatic potential[J].Exp Ther Med,2012,3(1):117-123.
[13] Singh RK,Lokeshwar BL.The IL-8-regulated chemokine receptor CXCR7 stimulates EGFR signaling to promote prostate cancer growth[J].Cancer Res,2011,71(9):3268-3277.
Effects of inhihitingCXCR7 gene expression on hiological characteristics of human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cell lines
LIN Ling1,HAN Mei-mei1,WANG Fang1,SHEN Hua-li1,2,YU Hong-xiu1,3△,YANG Peng-yuan1,2
(1Institutes of Biomedical Sciences,F(xiàn)udan University,Shanghai200032,China;2Departments of Chemistry,3School of Life Sciences,F(xiàn)udan University,Shanghai200433,China)
hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC); CXCR7 gene; short hairpin RNA (sh RNA);proliferation; apoptosis
R 735.7
A
10.3969/j.issn.1672-8467.2014.02.004
2013-05-17;編輯:段佳)
衛(wèi)生部“艾滋病和病毒性肝炎等重大傳染病防治”重大專項(2012ZX10002012-006);上海市衛(wèi)生局基金(2009002)
△Corresponding author E-mail:hongxiuyu@fudan.edu.cn
【Ahstract】 OhJectiveTo explore the expression of chemokine receptor CXCR7 on human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cell lines and tumor samples,and the effects of CXCR7 on cell proliferation and apoptosis of HCC cell lines.MethodsWestern blot analysis was applied to detect CXCR7 protein expression in HCC cell lines and 10 pairs of HCC specimens with adjacent tissues.RNA interference method of short hairpin RNA (shRNA)was used to silenceCXCR7 expression in HCCLM3 and MHCC97L cells.The expressions ofCXCR7 mRNA and protein were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot,respectively.The effects ofCXCR7 down-regulation on cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8 assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection.ResultsThe CXCR7 expression was gradually enhanced with increasing metastatic potential of HCC cell lines,and compared to adjacent tissues of clinical specimens,CXCR7 expression was hugely increased in tumor tissues.Nine lentiviral expressing vectors were constructed successfully and stably transfected into HCCLM3 cells.Based on their effects on CXCR7 expression,CXCR7 shRNA-566 was selected to evaluate the effects of down-regulation of CXCR7 on proliferation and apoptosis of HCCLM3 and MHCC97L cells in vitro.It was found that CXCR7 shRNA-566 could significantly inhibit the proliferation of HCCLM3 and MHCC97L cells (P<0.05).Flow cytometry assay showed that depletion of CXCR7 expression could induce cell apoptosis.ConclusionsCXCR7 expression is positively associated with HCC progression,and interference targeted of CXCR7 expression inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis.
*This work was supported hy the National Science and Technology MaJor ProJect(2012ZX10002012-006)and Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau Foundation(2009002).