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        Syndecan-1和乙酰肝素酶1在結(jié)直腸癌中的表達(dá)及對(duì)其轉(zhuǎn)移和預(yù)后的影響

        2014-08-07 09:48:58陳宇寧張毅蔣富兵
        中國(guó)當(dāng)代醫(yī)藥 2014年12期
        關(guān)鍵詞:脈管乙酰肝素

        陳宇寧+張毅+蔣富兵

        [摘要] 目的 探討Syndecan-1和乙酰肝素酶1(heparanase 1,HPA1)在結(jié)直腸癌組織中的表達(dá)水平和對(duì)其轉(zhuǎn)移和預(yù)后的影響。 方法 采用原位雜交技術(shù)檢測(cè)177例結(jié)直腸癌組織中Syndecan-1和HPA1的表達(dá)水平,比較Syndecan-1、HPA1 mRNA表達(dá)與結(jié)直腸癌臨床病理指標(biāo)、疾病預(yù)后的關(guān)系。 結(jié)果 在177例標(biāo)本中,Syndecan-1 mRNA和HPA1 mRNA的陽(yáng)性例數(shù)分別為75例和99例;Syndecan-1 mRNA及HPA1 mRNA陽(yáng)性表達(dá)率與腫瘤浸潤(rùn)深度、TNM分期、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移和脈管癌栓密切相關(guān)(P<0.01);Syndecan-1 mRNA水平與HPA1 mRNA表達(dá)呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.01);Syndecan-1 mRNA低表達(dá)平均生存時(shí)間和5年生存率低于高表達(dá)組,HPA1 mRNA陽(yáng)性表達(dá)平均生存時(shí)間和5年生存率低于陰性表達(dá)組。 結(jié)論 Syndecan-1低表達(dá)和HPA1高表達(dá)對(duì)結(jié)直腸癌的侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移具有協(xié)同作用;兩者結(jié)合有助于術(shù)后評(píng)估療效和判斷預(yù)后。

        [關(guān)鍵詞] Syndecan-1;乙酰肝素酶1;結(jié)直腸癌;預(yù)后

        [中圖分類號(hào)] R735.3[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A[文章編號(hào)] 1674-4721(2014)04(c)-0015-03

        The impact of mRNA expression of syndecan-1 and heparanase1 in relation to tumor progression and prognosis of colorectal cancer

        CHEN Yu-ning1 ZHANG Yi1 JIANG Fu-bing2

        1.Department of Gastroenterology,the Third People′s Hospital of Huizhou City in Guangdong Province,Huizhou 516002,China;2.Department ofGastrointestinal Surgery,the Third People′s Hospital of Huizhou City in Guangdong Province,Huizhou 516002,China

        [Abstract] Objective To investigate the mRNA expression of syndecan-1 and heparanase 1 in colorectal cancer,and their relationship between the progression and prognosis of the diseases. Methods In situ hybridization was used to examine mRNA expression of syndecan-l and HPA1 in 177 specimens of colorectal cancer.The relationship between mRNA expression and pathology indicators as well as prognosis of disease was observed. Results The positive numbers of syndecan-1 mRNA and HPA1 mRNA were 75 cases and 99 cases.The expression of syndecan-1 mRNA and HPA1 mRNA were related to tumor invasion depth,lymph node metastasis,TNM,distant metastasis and vessel invasion (P<0.01).There was a negative relationship between Syndecan-1 mRNA and HPA1 mRNA expression (P<0.01).The mean survival time of cases with low expression of syndecan-1 mRNA was significantly shorter than that of cases with high expression.The mean survival time of heparanase mRNA positive cases was significantly shorter than that of cases with negative expression. Conclusion The low expression of syndecan-1 and positive expression of HPA1 can predict the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer.They can be used as markers of progression and prognosis of colorectal cancer.

        [Key words] Syndecan-1;Heparanase 1;Colorectal cancer;Prognosis

        近三十年來,隨著環(huán)境和生活方式等因素的改變,我國(guó)結(jié)直腸癌的發(fā)病率迅速增加,已成為增長(zhǎng)最快的腫瘤之一[1-2]。Syndecan-1作為一種跨膜硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白多糖(HSPGs),是胞外基質(zhì)的重要組成成分。新近研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Syndecan-1與整合素、鈣黏素等共同構(gòu)成細(xì)胞間黏附分子復(fù)合體,參與胞間和胞外基質(zhì)之間的黏附,具有促進(jìn)細(xì)胞增殖,抑制腫瘤生長(zhǎng)、轉(zhuǎn)移,維持細(xì)胞分化等作用[3]。而乙酰肝素酶1(heparanase 1,HPA1)可以降解HSPGs的糖類側(cè)鏈,促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)和轉(zhuǎn)移[4]。目前關(guān)于兩者對(duì)結(jié)直腸癌的轉(zhuǎn)歸情況報(bào)道較少,為此本研究檢測(cè)了Syndecan-1和HPA1在結(jié)直腸癌組織中的表達(dá)水平,探討它們對(duì)結(jié)直腸癌轉(zhuǎn)移和預(yù)后的影響。

        1 資料與方法

        1.1 一般資料

        收集2002年6月~2007年12月在本院消化內(nèi)科和胃腸外科手術(shù)切除的原發(fā)性結(jié)直腸癌標(biāo)本177例,所有患者術(shù)前均未接受放化療,其中男129例,女48例;年齡39~76歲,平均54.8歲。除隨訪中死亡的病例,其余病例均隨訪5年以上,隨訪截止日期為2013年12月。生存期為從手術(shù)日期至隨訪截止日期或死亡日期。所有患者均簽屬知情同意書,本研究經(jīng)過醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。

        1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法

        標(biāo)本常規(guī)固定、脫水,石蠟包埋,切片后行Syndecan-1和HPA1 mRNA原位雜交檢測(cè)。Syndecan-1和乙酰肝素酶寡核苷酸探針以及原位雜交試劑盒均購(gòu)自武漢博士德公司,操作程序嚴(yán)格按照說明書進(jìn)行。采用Masola等[5]推薦的方法,由2位病理醫(yī)師采用雙盲法作出判斷,細(xì)胞質(zhì)染成棕黃色顆粒為Syndecan-1和HPA1 mRNA陽(yáng)性表現(xiàn)。根據(jù)陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞占全部腫瘤細(xì)胞的百分比進(jìn)行分級(jí):<10%為(-);10%~50%為(+);51%~75%為(++);>75%為(+++)。Syndecan-1表達(dá)(-)~(+)為低表達(dá)組,(++)~(+++)為高表達(dá)組。將HPA1 mRNA(-)者歸為陰性表達(dá)組,(+)~(+++)者為陽(yáng)性表達(dá)組。

        1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理

        所得數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 13.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,采用χ2檢驗(yàn)分析Syndecan-1、HPA1 mRNA表達(dá)與各項(xiàng)病理指標(biāo)的關(guān)系,采用秩和檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行Syndecan-1和乙酰肝素酶相關(guān)性分析,生存分析使用Kaplan-Meier法,用壽命表法計(jì)算生存率,用Log-rank檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行比較,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

        2 結(jié)果

        2.1 Syndecan-1 mRNA、HPA1 mRNA的表達(dá)與結(jié)直腸癌病理指標(biāo)的關(guān)系

        在結(jié)直腸癌177例標(biāo)本中,Syndecan-1 mRNA高表達(dá)者為75例(42.4%),低表達(dá)者102例(57.6%);HPA1 mRNA陰性表達(dá)78例(44.1%),陽(yáng)性表達(dá)99例(55.9%)。在結(jié)直腸癌標(biāo)本中,Syndecan-1 mRNA和HPA1 mRNA陽(yáng)性顆粒在細(xì)胞質(zhì)著色(圖1、圖2)。Syndecan-1 mRNA和HPA1 mRNA的表達(dá)在腫瘤浸潤(rùn)深度、TNM分期、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移和脈管癌栓中差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)(表1)。Syndecan-1 mRNA與HPA1 mRNA的表達(dá)呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.832,P<0.01)。

        2.2 Syndecan-1 mRNA、HPA1 mRNA表達(dá)與結(jié)直腸癌預(yù)后的關(guān)系

        Syndecan-1 mRNA高表達(dá)患者的平均生存時(shí)間為65.2個(gè)月,是低表達(dá)組的2.1倍(31.3個(gè)月),5年生存率(51.6%)顯著高于低表達(dá)組(26.4%)(χ2=25.97,P<0.05)(圖3)。HPA1 mRNA陰性表達(dá)患者的平均生存時(shí)間為67.6個(gè)月,是陽(yáng)性表達(dá)組的2.2倍(30.7個(gè)月),5年生存率(53.2%)顯著高于陽(yáng)性組(24.6%)(χ2=23.19,P<0.05)(圖4)。

        圖3 Syndecan-1表達(dá)與結(jié)直腸癌患者生存的關(guān)系

        3 討論

        Syndecan-1是Syndecan家族的一種表達(dá)于成熟上皮細(xì)胞、漿細(xì)胞、前B細(xì)胞表面的跨膜蛋白聚糖,其硫酸乙酰肝素側(cè)鏈上可特異性地結(jié)合多種生物活性分子,與脂蛋白、病原體等胞吞吐作用有關(guān)[6-7]。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Syndecan-1在細(xì)胞膜上的表達(dá)對(duì)維持正常腸道黏膜細(xì)胞的形態(tài)至關(guān)重要;其在大腸腺瘤向大腸癌的轉(zhuǎn)化中表達(dá)缺失[8]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,結(jié)直腸癌組織Syndecan-1表達(dá)降低與浸潤(rùn)深度、脈管侵犯、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移,TNM分期密切相關(guān),說明Syndecan-1參與了結(jié)直腸癌侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移的過程。目前研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在機(jī)體許多惡性腫瘤形成、轉(zhuǎn)移過程中,腫瘤細(xì)胞表面的Syndecan-1蛋白表達(dá)明顯減少,導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞喪失生長(zhǎng)抑制功能[9],使腫瘤細(xì)胞能大量增殖,并具有極強(qiáng)的侵襲活性[10],這與本研究結(jié)論基本符合。Syndecan-1表達(dá)降低的患者,5年生存率顯著低于高表達(dá)者,提示該基因表達(dá)程度可能成為評(píng)估結(jié)直腸癌預(yù)后的指標(biāo)。

        HPA1多在免疫器官、平滑肌細(xì)胞等處表達(dá),其機(jī)制包括促進(jìn)腫瘤血管生成[11]、免疫監(jiān)視逃逸,改變細(xì)胞間、細(xì)胞與基質(zhì)間的黏附等[12]。許多研究發(fā)現(xiàn),HPA1在實(shí)體腫瘤組織中的表達(dá)與臨床病理資料有顯著相關(guān)性,揭示了HPA1與腫瘤發(fā)展的相互關(guān)系[13-14]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,HPA1的表達(dá)與結(jié)直腸癌浸潤(rùn)深度、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、脈管侵犯及遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移等均呈正相關(guān),且陰性表達(dá)組5年生存率明顯高于陽(yáng)性組。這進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了HPA1與結(jié)直腸癌的侵襲和預(yù)后明顯相關(guān),與相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)類似[15]。

        亞洲人(特別是東亞人)結(jié)直腸癌的發(fā)生迅速,往往沒有腺瘤這一階段,這使得結(jié)直腸癌早期發(fā)現(xiàn)難度較大[16]。Syndecan-1和HPA1是很有前景的切入點(diǎn),可以對(duì)結(jié)直腸癌生長(zhǎng)全程監(jiān)控,并為評(píng)估病情和預(yù)后提供有力的參考。

        綜上所述,Syndecan-1和HPA1對(duì)腫瘤的生長(zhǎng)、侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移具有協(xié)同作用;聯(lián)合檢測(cè)Syndecan-1和HPA1有助于結(jié)直腸癌患者術(shù)后評(píng)估療效和判斷預(yù)后。

        [參考文獻(xiàn)]

        [1]Chen W,Zheng R,Zhang S,et al.Report of incidence and mortality in China cancer registries,2009[J].Chin J Cancer Res,2013,32(3):106-112.

        [2]李細(xì)茍.1999~2008年中山市古鎮(zhèn)鎮(zhèn)居民惡性腫瘤死亡情況分析[J].中國(guó)當(dāng)代醫(yī)藥,2013,20(18):155-158.

        [3]Zhang S,Qing Q,Wang Q,et al.Syndecan-1 and heparanase:potential markers for activity evaluation and differential diagnosis of crohn′s disease[J].Inflamm Bowel Dis,2013,19(5):1025-1033.

        [4]Ramani VC,Purushothaman A,Stewart MD,et al.The heparanase/syndecan-1 axis in cancer: mechanisms and therapies[J].FEBS J,2013,280(10):2294-2306.

        [5]Masola V,Gambaro G,Tibaldi E,et al.Heparanase and syndecan-1 interplay orchestrates fibroblast growth factor-2-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in renal tubular cells[J].J Biol Chem,2012,287(2):1478-1488.

        [6]Carulli S,Beck K,Dayan G,et al.Cell surface proteoglycans syndecan-1 and -4 bind overlapping but distinct sites in laminin α3 LG45 protein domain[J].J Biol Chem,2012,287(15):12204-12216.

        [7]Manon-Jensen T,Multhaupt HA,Couchman JR.Mapping of matrix metalloproteinase cleavage sites on syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 ectodomains[J].FEBS J,2013,280(10):2320-2331.

        [8]Yang B,Yoshida K,Yin Z,et al.Chemical synthesis of a heparan sulfate glycopeptide:syndecan-1[J].Angew Chem Int Ed Engl,2012,51(40):10185-10189.

        [9]Hassan H,Greve B,Pavao MS et al.Syndecan-1 modulates p-integrin-dependent and interleukin-6-dependent functions in breast cancer cell adhesion,migration,and resistance to irradiation[J].FEBS J,2013,280(10):2216-2227.

        [10]Xu Y,Yuan J,Zhang Z,et al.Syndecan-1 expression in human glioma is correlated with advanced tumor progression and poor prognosis[J].Mol Biol Rep,2012,39(9):8979-8985.

        [11]Shevelev OB,Rykova VI,F(xiàn)edoseeva LA,et al.Expression of Ext1,Ext2,and heparanase genes in brain of senescence-accelerated OXYS rats in earlyontogenesis and during development of neurodegenerative changes[J].Biochemistry,2012,77(1):56-61.

        [12]Rops AL,van den Hoven MJ,Veldman BA,et al.Urinary heparanase activity in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes[J].Nephrol Dial Transplant,2012,27(7):2853-2861.

        [13]Peerless Y,Simon E,Sabo E,et al.Normal colon tissue and colon carcinoma show no difference in heparanase promoter methylation[J].Exp Mol Pathol,2013,94(2):309-313.

        [14]Kutsenko OS,Kovner AV,Mostovich LA,et al.Expression of heparanase-1 in prostate gland tumors[J].Bull Exp Biol Med,2012,152(3):344-347.

        [15]Baker AB,Gibson WJ,Kolachalama VB,et al.Heparanase regulates thrombosis in vascular injury and stent-induced flow disturbance[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2012,59(17):1551-1560.

        [16]Sung JJ,Lau JY,Goh KL,et al.Increasing incidence of colorectal cancer in Asia:implications for screening[J].Lancet Oncol,2005,6(11):87l-876.

        (收稿日期:2014-03-18本文編輯:林利利)

        [10]Xu Y,Yuan J,Zhang Z,et al.Syndecan-1 expression in human glioma is correlated with advanced tumor progression and poor prognosis[J].Mol Biol Rep,2012,39(9):8979-8985.

        [11]Shevelev OB,Rykova VI,F(xiàn)edoseeva LA,et al.Expression of Ext1,Ext2,and heparanase genes in brain of senescence-accelerated OXYS rats in earlyontogenesis and during development of neurodegenerative changes[J].Biochemistry,2012,77(1):56-61.

        [12]Rops AL,van den Hoven MJ,Veldman BA,et al.Urinary heparanase activity in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes[J].Nephrol Dial Transplant,2012,27(7):2853-2861.

        [13]Peerless Y,Simon E,Sabo E,et al.Normal colon tissue and colon carcinoma show no difference in heparanase promoter methylation[J].Exp Mol Pathol,2013,94(2):309-313.

        [14]Kutsenko OS,Kovner AV,Mostovich LA,et al.Expression of heparanase-1 in prostate gland tumors[J].Bull Exp Biol Med,2012,152(3):344-347.

        [15]Baker AB,Gibson WJ,Kolachalama VB,et al.Heparanase regulates thrombosis in vascular injury and stent-induced flow disturbance[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2012,59(17):1551-1560.

        [16]Sung JJ,Lau JY,Goh KL,et al.Increasing incidence of colorectal cancer in Asia:implications for screening[J].Lancet Oncol,2005,6(11):87l-876.

        (收稿日期:2014-03-18本文編輯:林利利)

        [10]Xu Y,Yuan J,Zhang Z,et al.Syndecan-1 expression in human glioma is correlated with advanced tumor progression and poor prognosis[J].Mol Biol Rep,2012,39(9):8979-8985.

        [11]Shevelev OB,Rykova VI,F(xiàn)edoseeva LA,et al.Expression of Ext1,Ext2,and heparanase genes in brain of senescence-accelerated OXYS rats in earlyontogenesis and during development of neurodegenerative changes[J].Biochemistry,2012,77(1):56-61.

        [12]Rops AL,van den Hoven MJ,Veldman BA,et al.Urinary heparanase activity in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes[J].Nephrol Dial Transplant,2012,27(7):2853-2861.

        [13]Peerless Y,Simon E,Sabo E,et al.Normal colon tissue and colon carcinoma show no difference in heparanase promoter methylation[J].Exp Mol Pathol,2013,94(2):309-313.

        [14]Kutsenko OS,Kovner AV,Mostovich LA,et al.Expression of heparanase-1 in prostate gland tumors[J].Bull Exp Biol Med,2012,152(3):344-347.

        [15]Baker AB,Gibson WJ,Kolachalama VB,et al.Heparanase regulates thrombosis in vascular injury and stent-induced flow disturbance[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2012,59(17):1551-1560.

        [16]Sung JJ,Lau JY,Goh KL,et al.Increasing incidence of colorectal cancer in Asia:implications for screening[J].Lancet Oncol,2005,6(11):87l-876.

        (收稿日期:2014-03-18本文編輯:林利利)

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