夏船 李俊峰

(1.吉林工商學(xué)院外國(guó)語學(xué)院,吉林長(zhǎng)春 130062;2.長(zhǎng)春房地(集團(tuán))有限責(zé)任公司,吉林長(zhǎng)春 130000)

英語科技文長(zhǎng)句的特點(diǎn)及其后置定語類型分析

夏船1李俊峰2

(1.吉林工商學(xué)院外國(guó)語學(xué)院,吉林長(zhǎng)春 130062;2.長(zhǎng)春房地(集團(tuán))有限責(zé)任公司,吉林長(zhǎng)春 130000)

英語科技文作為一種特殊的文體,其內(nèi)容和所涉及的領(lǐng)域的特殊性決定其自身體的文體特點(diǎn),其中在語言使用方面最為突出的特點(diǎn)就是長(zhǎng)句的頻繁出現(xiàn)。同時(shí)長(zhǎng)句中存在大量的后置定語,給長(zhǎng)句的理解和翻譯增加了復(fù)雜性。本文主要分析了長(zhǎng)句的特點(diǎn)及長(zhǎng)句中后置定語的四大類型。

英語 科技文 長(zhǎng)句 特點(diǎn) 后置定語 類型

英語科技文作為一種特殊的文體,其內(nèi)容和所涉及的領(lǐng)域的特殊性決定其自身體的文體特點(diǎn)。在語言使用方面涉及詞匯的選擇、詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換、被動(dòng)句和非謂語動(dòng)詞的大量使用等,另外還有一個(gè)最為突出的特點(diǎn)就是長(zhǎng)句在英語科技文中的頻繁出現(xiàn)。同時(shí)長(zhǎng)句中存在大量的后置定語,給長(zhǎng)句的理解和翻譯增加了復(fù)雜性,而了解長(zhǎng)句中后置定語的類型是正確理解和翻譯的前提。

1 英語科技文長(zhǎng)句的特點(diǎn)

在英語科技文中,有一些句子多由并列成分、修飾限定成分構(gòu)成,并且各成分間具有一定的邏輯和語法關(guān)系,語言結(jié)構(gòu)層次錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜,被稱作長(zhǎng)句。在理解和翻譯時(shí)首先要抓住句子的主干,如主語、謂語、賓語和狀語等。其次要分清謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別,找出介詞短語、插入語、同位語、從句等,并根據(jù)上下文找出同義詞、明確代詞指代意義、固定搭配和習(xí)慣用語等。

2 長(zhǎng)句中后置定語的類型及翻譯

后置定語在英語科技文中大量使用,在文中起到修飾限定的作用。主要有以下四種類型：

2.1 介詞短語

This branch of methematics, which retained some of the original features of the method of exhaustion, received its biggest impetus in the 17th century, largely due to the efforts of Isaac Newton(1642-1727) and Gottfried Leibniz, and its development continued well into the 19th century before the subject was put on a firm mathematical basis by such men as Augustin-Louis Cauchy and Bernhard Riemann．

句中“due to the efforts of Isaac Newton(1642-1727) and Gottfried Leibniz”是介詞短語作“This branch of methematics”的后置定語。

2.2 形容詞和形容詞短語

If a strain of bacteria grows at a rate proportional to the amount present and if the population doubles in one hour, by how much will it increase at the end of two hours？

“proportional to the amount” 是形容詞短語作“rate” 的后置定語,“present” 是形容詞作“amount” 的后置定語。

3 非謂語動(dòng)詞

3.1 現(xiàn)在分詞

They were used to establish a calendar based on a lunar month consisting sometimes of twenty-nine and sometimes of thirty days．

“consisting sometimes of twenty-nine and sometimes of thirty days”是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作“a lunar month”的后置定語。

3.2 過去分詞

One day he met and befriended some Chinese students,in particular a young woman from Nanking named Lu Gweidjen,whose father had passed on to her his unusually profound knowledge of the history of chinese science．

“named Lu Gwei-djen”是過去分詞短語作“a young woman”的后置定語。

3.3 不定式

It can be difficult to distinguish between chemotherapy and radiation therapy intended to control disease progression and the use of either modality purely to palliate symptoms．

“purely to palliate symptoms”是不定式短語作“the use”的后置定語。

3.4 定語從句

Topology starts from the sound premise that there are no rigid objects, that everything in the world is a little askew,and is further deformed when its position is altered．

“that there are no rigid objects”和“that everything in the world is a little askew and ……”是定語從句作后置定語,共同修飾先行詞“premise”。

[1]郭燕.論科技英語文本中后置定語的翻譯策略[D].上海交通大學(xué),2010.

[2]馮欣.論科技英語中長(zhǎng)句的翻譯[D].湖南師范大學(xué),2011.

夏船,女,漢族,1975年7月,吉林工商學(xué)院外國(guó)語學(xué)院副教授,研究方向:英語語言文學(xué)