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        重點(diǎn)知識(shí)園地

        2014-04-29 00:00:00
        時(shí)代英語·初中 2014年5期

        Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?

        重點(diǎn)詞匯

        1.anyone/anybody pron. 任何人

        I didn’t know anyone/anybody at the party.

        聚會(huì)上的人我一個(gè)都不認(rèn)識(shí)。

        someone/somebody pron. 某人,有人

        no one/nobody pron. 沒有人,無人

        everyone/everybody pron. 每人,人人

        2.anywhere adv. 在任何地方

        I can’t find my keys anywhere.

        我哪兒都找不到我的鑰匙。

        somewhere adv. 某處,在某處

        nowhere adv. 任何地方都不,無處

        everywhere adv. 到處,處處,無論什么地方

        3.something pron. 某事;某物

        nothing pron. 沒有什么;沒有一件東西

        I have something to tell you.

        我有些事情要告訴你。

        There is nothing in the desk.

        書桌里什么都沒有。

        anything pron. 任何事物,任何東西

        everything pron. 每件事物;所有事物

        4.myself pron. 我自己;我本人

        yourself pron. 你自己;您自己

        I’ll do it myself.

        我自己來做。

        You’re always talking about yourself!

        你總是在談?wù)撟约海?/p>

        himself pron. 他自己;他親自,他本人

        herself pron. 她自己;她親自,她本人

        itself pron. 它自己,它本身

        ourselves pron. 我們自己

        yourselves pron. 你們自己

        themselves pron. 他/她/它們自己

        5.seem v. 好像;似乎;看來

        It seems to me that we have no choice.

        在我看來我們好像沒有選擇的余地。

        6.decide v. 決定;選定

        We decided to invite Tom.

        我們決定邀請(qǐng)湯姆。

        1) decide on sth 就……做出決定,決定要

        2) make a decision (to do sth) 做出決定(去做某事)

        7.try v. n. 嘗試;設(shè)法;努力

        I’ll try my best to help you.

        我會(huì)盡力幫助你。

        1) try to do/not to do 盡力去做/不做

        2) try doing 嘗試做

        8.wonder v. 想知道;琢磨

        n. 奇跡;奇觀

        I wonder what the new teacher will be like.

        我想知道新老師會(huì)是什么樣子。

        wonderful adj. 精彩的,絕妙的;非常好的

        It’s wonderful to see you again.

        再次見到你太好了。

        have a wonderful/good/great/nice time 玩得開心

        9.difference n. 差別,差異

        What’s the difference between this computer and that one?

        這臺(tái)電腦和那臺(tái)的差別是什么?

        10. enough adj. adv. 足夠的(地);充足的(地);充

        分的(地)

        He has enough money to buy a computer.

        他有足夠的錢買電腦。

        11. dislike v. n. 不喜愛(的事物);厭惡(的事物)

        I dislike being away from my family.

        我不喜歡和家人分開。

        常用短語及搭配

        1. go on vacation 去度假

        2. stay at home 待在家里

        3. go to the mountains 去山里

        4. go out with sb 和某人外出

        5. take a photo/take photos 拍照

        6. quite a few 相當(dāng)多

        7. most of the time 大多數(shù)時(shí)間

        8. have a good time (doing sth) 玩得開心

        enjoy oneself 玩得開心

        have fun (doing sth) 玩得開心

        9. buy sth for sb = buy sb sth 為某人買某物

        10. feel like 給……的感覺;感受到

        11. feel like sth/doing sth 想要某物/做某事

        want to do sth 想要做某事

        would like to do sth 想要做某事

        12. in the country/in the countryside 在鄉(xiāng)下

        13. too many 太多……(修飾可數(shù)名詞)

        too much 太多……(修飾不可數(shù)名詞)

        much too 太……(修飾形容詞或副詞)

        14. forget to do sth 忘了要做某事(還未做)

        forget doing sth 忘了做過某事(已做)

        stop to do sth 停止一事去做另一事

        stop doing sth 停止正在做的事

        remember to do sth 記著要做某事(還未做)

        remember doing sth 記得做過某事(已做)

        go on to do sth 繼續(xù)去做另一事

        go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做原來的事

        15. because of 因?yàn)?/p>

        16. along the way 沿路

        on the way (to) 在去……的路上

        17. because of/thanks to 因?yàn)椋捎?/p>

        18. dislike doing sth 不喜歡做某事

        like to do sth/like doing sth 喜歡做某事

        19. find sb do sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人經(jīng)常做/做過某事

        find sb doing sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事

        20. jump up and down 跳上跳下

        重要句型

        1. — Where did you go on vacation?

        — 你去哪里度的假?

        — I went to New York City.

        — 我去了紐約城。

        2. No one was here. Everyone was on vacation.

        沒有人在這兒。人人都在度假。

        3. It was so exciting!

        那是如此的激動(dòng)人心啊!

        4. I wonder what life was like here in the past.

        我想知道過去這兒的生活是什么樣的。

        基本語法

        一、復(fù)合不定代詞的用法

        【教材例句】

        1. — Did you meet anyone interesting?

        — Yes, I did.

        2. — Did you go out with anyone?

        — No, no one was here. Everyone was on vacation.

        3. — Did you buy anything special?

        — No, I bought nothing.

        4. — Did everyone have a good time?

        — Oh, yes. Everything was excellent.

        以上例句中anyone, no one, everyone, anything, nothing, everything均為復(fù)合不定代詞。

        【語法詳解】

        1. 構(gòu)成:

        由some, any, no, every加上-thing, -one, -body所構(gòu)成的不定代詞稱為復(fù)合不定代詞。

        原詞-thing-one-body

        somesomethingsomeonesomebody

        anyanythinganyoneanybody

        nonothingno onenobody

        everyeverythingeveryoneeverybody

        2. 用法:

        (1) 復(fù)合不定代詞在句子中常作主語、賓語和表語,但不能作定語。somebody,someone,something通常用于肯定句中,但在表示征求意見并希望得到對(duì)方的肯定回答時(shí)可以用于疑問句中;anybody,anyone,anything通常用于否定句、疑問句和條件狀語從句中。

        There is someone in the room.

        — Would you like something to drink?

        — Yes, please.

        He didn’t eat anything this morning.

        (2) 復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

        Everyone in our class likes English.

        I’m new here. Nobody knows me.

        (3) 形容詞或動(dòng)詞不定式修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí),要放在復(fù)合不定代詞之后。

        I have something important to tell you.

        There is something wrong with my computer.

        二、一般過去時(shí)的動(dòng)詞變化

        【教材例句】

        1. She went to the mountains.

        2. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax.

        3. We fed some hens and saw some baby pigs.

        【語法詳解】

        1. 規(guī)則變化:

        一般的動(dòng)詞直接加-edtalk—talked注:清輔音后讀/t/;濁輔音和元音后讀/d/;在輔音/t/和/d/后讀/id/

        以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的規(guī)則動(dòng)詞加-dlike—liked

        love—loved

        以輔音字母

        加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變y為i再加-edstudy—studied

        以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞雙寫末尾字母再加-edstop—stopped

        2. 不規(guī)則變化需要強(qiáng)化記憶。

        Unit 2 How often do you exercise?

        重點(diǎn)詞匯

        1.housework n. 家務(wù)勞動(dòng);家務(wù)事

        I have to do housework on Sunday.

        星期天我不得不做家務(wù)。

        2.hardly adv. 幾乎不;幾乎沒有

        Hardly anyone slept that night.

        那天晚上幾乎沒人睡覺。

        hardly ever 幾乎從不

        My mother hardly ever eats junk food.

        我媽媽幾乎從不吃垃圾食品。

        3.once adv. 一次;曾經(jīng)

        twice adv. 兩次;兩倍

        She goes to the park once a week.

        她每周去公園一次。

        They go to the movies twice a month.

        他們每個(gè)月去看兩次電影。

        three times 三次;三倍

        4.maybe adv. 大概;或許;可能

        Maybe you are right.

        或許你是對(duì)的。

        5.health n. 健康;人的身體(或精神)狀態(tài)

        Fresh fruit is good for your health.

        新鮮水果對(duì)你的健康有好處。

        6.percent n. (=per cent) 百分之……

        Fifty percent of the students in our school have cellphones.

        我們學(xué)校50%的學(xué)生擁有手機(jī)。

        7.although conj. 雖然;盡管;即使

        Although he was tired, he still went on working.

        盡管他很疲憊,他仍繼續(xù)工作。

        8.through prep. 以;憑借;穿過

        We drove through the center of London.

        我們開車從倫敦市中心穿過。

        9.mind n. 頭腦;心智

        Not everyone has the right sort of mind for this work.

        并非每個(gè)人的頭腦都適合做這個(gè)工作。

        mind v. 介意

        Would you mind opening the door?

        你介意打開門嗎?

        10. such adj. pron. 這樣的;那樣的;類似的

        I don’t believe in ghosts. There is no such thing.

        我不相信鬼。根本沒有這樣的事。

        11. die v. 消失;滅亡;死亡

        His grandmother died when he was five years old.

        他奶奶在他五歲的時(shí)候去世了。

        dead adj. 死去的

        death n. 死亡

        12. however adv. 然而;不過

        Tom is a good student. However, he also has some bad habits.

        湯姆是個(gè)好學(xué)生,然而,他也有些不良習(xí)慣。

        常用短語及搭配

        1. do one’s housework 做家務(wù)

        2. help (sb) with sth 幫助(某人)做某事

        help sb (to) do sth 幫助某人做某事

        with one’s help = with the help of 在某人的幫助下

        3. once a week 一周一次

        once ten years 十年一次

        twice a month 一月兩次

        4. hardly ever 幾乎從不

        5. how often 每隔多久

        how long 多久

        how soon 過多久

        how far 多遠(yuǎn)

        how many/much 多少

        how old 多大(年齡)

        6. use the Internet 使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)

        on the Internet 在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)

        7. be free 有空

        be busy 繁忙

        be busy with sth 忙于某事

        be busy doing sth 忙于做某事

        8. stay up late 熬夜

        9. go to bed early 早睡

        10. keep/stay healthy 保持健康

        11. at least 至少;不少于;起碼

        12. be good for 對(duì)……有益

        be good with sb 擅長(zhǎng)與某人相處/打交道

        be good at sth/doing sth 擅長(zhǎng)(做)……

        13. go camping/swimming/skating/fishing/boating/hiking/

        shopping/sightseeing

        去野營(yíng)/去游泳/去溜冰/去釣魚/去劃船/去遠(yuǎn)足/

        去購(gòu)物/去觀光

        14. in one’s free time 在某人的空閑時(shí)間

        15. not... at all 一點(diǎn)也不

        16. be popular with sb 受某人歡迎

        17. such as 例如

        18. spend time with sb 和某人一起休閑

        spend... on sth 花……在某物/某方面上

        spend... (in) doing sth 花……做某事

        19. mind/enjoy/finish/practice doing sth

        介意做某事/喜歡做某事/做完某事/練習(xí)做某事

        20. old habits die hard 積習(xí)難改

        21. go to the dentist 去看牙醫(yī)

        22. have a lot of good/bad habits 有很多好/壞習(xí)慣

        have a habit of 有……的習(xí)慣

        start a habit of 養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣

        23. more/less than 比……多/少

        重要句型

        1. What do you usually do on weekends?

        — 周末你通常做什么?

        — I always exercise.

        — 我總是鍛煉。

        2. — How often do you go to the movies?

        — 你每隔多久去看電影?

        — I go to the movies maybe once a month.

        — 我大概每個(gè)月去看一次電影。

        基本語法

        頻度副詞及對(duì)頻率提問

        【教材例句】

        1. He usually watches TV.

        2. I watch TV every day.

        3. They always go to bed early.

        4. She sometimes goes shopping.

        5. He hardly ever watches TV.

        6. He never goes shopping.

        【語法詳解】

        1. 表示次數(shù)或頻率的副詞稱為頻度副詞,按照其頻率發(fā)生的高低排序通常依次為:

        always > usually > often > sometimes > hardly ever > never

        2. 通常表示一次用once,兩次用twice,三次或三次以上用“基數(shù)詞 + times”。

        3. 對(duì)頻率提問用how often,表示“每隔多久”。

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