Q 張老師好,我知道下面這道題答案是D,為什么不選B呢?麻煩您幫忙解答一下,謝謝!
She is no longer the sweet little girl ____ she used to be.
A. what B. who C. when D. that
A 本題最好選that,甚至可以用which,但不能用who/whom。有的讀者可能要問:這里先行詞girl不是指人嗎?按理應(yīng)該用who/whom???對此“反?!爆F(xiàn)象,下面我從兩個角度來解答。
首先,從語法規(guī)則來看,英文中有這樣一個規(guī)定(或者說使用傾向):當關(guān)系代詞在定語從句(無論是限制性定語從句還是非限制性定語從句)中充當表語時,人稱先行詞和非人稱先行詞之后都要用which。比如:He is a vegetarian, which I am not. (他是一個素食者,而我不是。)所以完整的題干應(yīng)為:She is no longer the sweet little girl which she used to be. 而在限制性定語從句中,可以把which換成that,變成:She is no longer the sweet little girl that she used to be.
其次,從語義來看,這個定語從句是對girl進行描述,即用that/which指代the sweet little girl這類人,說明女孩原來是什么樣的。另外,指代一類人的先行詞是集合名詞時,我們也常常用which作關(guān)系代詞,如:I think they were part of a teenage gang which just wanted to cause trouble.
Q 張老師好,下面這道題我們老師說選D,為什么不選B或C呢?不是表示“正在坐著嗎”?您可以幫忙解釋一下嗎?非常感謝!
When I came into the room, I found Tom ____ in the chair.
A. sat B. sitting C. seating D. seated
A 首先,選擇seated是正確的。這道題考查seat的動詞用法。Seat作為及物動詞,需要接反身代詞充當賓語,即seat oneself,這樣的動詞在英文中被稱作反身動詞(reflexive verb)。就這道題而言,可以理解為Tom seated himself,而這樣的動詞又常用被動語態(tài),即上句也可寫為:Tom was seated. 因此,這道題可以選seated充當賓語補足語。當然,本題也可以選sitting充當賓語補足語,相當于Tom was sitting in the chair。本題選B和D都正確。
Q 張老師好,下面這道題我們老師說選B,為什么不選C,不是應(yīng)該用被動嗎?麻煩您幫忙解答一下,謝謝!
The bank manager was really _____, though he tried to pin it on a clerk.
A. to deserve B. to blame
C. to be blamed D. to be accepted
A 這道題確實只能選B不能選C。因為be to blame是一個固定搭配,表達一個被動含義,意為“該受責備”。該搭配常用于sb./sth. is to blame中。To blame前還可添加副詞(如partly/largely/entirely/really)進行強調(diào)。當然,如果要表達“因做某事而受到責備”就可以用be blamed for doing sth.。
Q 張老師好,下面這道題答案為什么是B,rather than不是平行結(jié)構(gòu)嗎?不是前面用什么時態(tài)后面就用什么時態(tài)嗎?
Now many countries focus on saving natural resources rather than ____ them.
A. destroying B. destroy
C. to destroy D. destroyed
A 本題答案有誤,最好選destroying。題中的rather than確實是平行結(jié)構(gòu)的標志,連接兩個對等的詞或結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)本題語意,很顯然空格處應(yīng)與前面的saving形式一致,所以應(yīng)該選A。另外,如果我們把focus on saving改寫成比如prefer to save,則應(yīng)選擇destroy:Now many countries prefer to save natural resources rather than destroy them.endprint