1. lack v. 缺乏，缺少

n. 缺乏，匱乏，短缺

Hes good at his job but he seems to lack confidence.

他善于工作，但似乎缺乏信心。

比較：lack和shortage的區(qū)別

lack指的是“完全沒有或部分缺少”，既表示具體，也表示抽象，如智力、知識、勇氣等；而shortage指的是“短缺”，因此要就量而言。

There is a certain lack of enthusiasm for these changes among the membership.

會員對這些變動沒有多大熱情。

There were severe shortages during the war.

戰(zhàn)爭期間食物嚴(yán)重短缺。

1) for/through lack of 因缺少

2) no lack of 不缺少，足夠

3) lack for nothing 什么也不缺

4) be lacking in 缺少（lacking是形容詞）

2. advance adj. 預(yù)先的，在前的

No advance booking is necessary on most departures.

大多數(shù)起程票無需預(yù)訂。

advance n. 前進(jìn)；進(jìn)步，發(fā)展

1) in advance 在前面；預(yù)先，事先

Its cheaper if you book the tickets in advance.

預(yù)訂票要便宜一些。

2) in advance of 在（時間或空間）之前

People were evacuated from the coastal regions in advance of the hurricane.

颶風(fēng)襲來之前，沿海地帶的人已經(jīng)撤離。

advance v. 預(yù)付；提前，提早

advanced adj. 先進(jìn)的；高級的，高等的

3. favour n. 恩惠，照顧

As a special favour, Ill let you stay up late tonight.

作為對你的特殊恩惠，我允許你今晚遲睡。

Do yourself a favour and wear a helmet on the bike.

要照顧好你自己，騎車要帶上頭盔。

1) do sb a favour = do a favour for sb 幫某人的忙

2) in favour of 贊同，支持；看中，選擇

3) in ones favour 以……為受益人

4) ask a favour of sb 請某人幫忙

4. reply n. 回答，答復(fù)，回信

v. 回答，答復(fù)；回應(yīng)，做出反應(yīng)

I asked her what her name was but she made no reply.

我問她叫什么名字，但她沒有回答。

The senator replied that he was not in a position to comment.

參議員回答說他不宜發(fā)表評論。

比較：動詞reply和answer的區(qū)別

reply為正式用語，多指經(jīng)過考慮的、有針對性的、詳細(xì)的回答，常用作不及物動詞，和介詞to連用；answer為一般用語，既可用作及物動詞也可用作不及物動詞，還可引申為“應(yīng)答”。

1) in reply to 作為對……的答復(fù)

2) reply to 回答，答復(fù)

5. absence n. 缺乏，不存在

The case was dismissed in the absence of definite proof.

此案因缺乏確鑿證據(jù)而不予受理。

1) in the absence of 缺少

2) absence of mind 心不在焉

3) in ones absence 某人不在期間

absent adj. 缺席的，不在場的

1) be absent from 缺席

2) absent-minded 心不在焉的

6. interrupt v. 打斷，插嘴

They were interrupted by a knock at the door.

他們被敲門聲打斷了。

Would you mind not interrupting all the time?

請你別老是插嘴好嗎？

interruption n. 打擾，插嘴，打岔

He ignored her interruptions.

他沒有理會她的打岔。

7. imagine v. 想象

(1) imagine + n. 想象，設(shè)想

The house was just as she had imagined.

這房子正是她所想象的。

(2) imagine + that從句 胡亂猜想……；認(rèn)為……

Hes always imagining were taking about him behind his back.

他總是胡亂猜想我們在背后說他的閑話。

I dont imagine that theyll refuse.

我認(rèn)為他們不會拒絕。

(3) imagine + doing 想象做某事

Can you imagine George cooking the dinner?

你能想象喬治做飯嗎？

imaginings n. 想象出的事物；幻想物

imagination n. 想象力，想象；幻想物；創(chuàng)造力

imaginative adj. 富于想象力的；創(chuàng)新的

imaginable adj. 想象得到的；可想象的

imaginary adj. 想象中的；幻想的；虛構(gòu)的

8. purpose n. 目的，用途

Our campaigns main purpose is to raise money.

我們這次活動的主要目的就是募款。

The two are not the same and dont serve the same purpose.

二者不是一回事，并且用途也不同。

1) on purpose 故意地

2) with/for the purpose of 為了……目的

3) to the purpose 中肯的（地），合適的（地）

9. apologise v. 道歉

apology n. 道歉；致歉

apologise for sth/doing sth 為……而道歉

We apologise for the late departure of this flight.

本航班延誤離境，謹(jǐn)致歉意。

I apologised to her for stepping on her foot.

我因踩了她的腳而向她道歉。

Your allegations are completely untrue, and I demand an immediate apology.

你的說法完全不真實，我要求立即道歉。

10. think of 想起，回憶起

I cant think of her name at the moment.

我一時想不起她的名字。

1) think better of 對……有更高的評價

2) think little of 不重視；認(rèn)為……沒價值

3) think nothing of 把……視為平常；不把……當(dāng)一回事；

覺得……無所謂

4) think about 考慮到，關(guān)心，替……著想

5) think out/over 仔細(xì)考慮

6) think up 想出

11. in addition 除此之外，另外

該短語表示“另外，此外”，為副詞性短語，作狀語，在句中位置靈活。在句中和句末時，一般用逗號隔開。

There is, in addition, one further point to make.

此外，還有一點要說。

In addition to English, he has to study a second foreign language.

除英語外，他還要學(xué)第二外語。

與in addition一樣都表示“除……之外（還）”的其它詞語或短語：besides，apart from，aside from。

12. find out 了解（到）；找出（信息）

We found out later that we had been at the same school.

后來我們才弄清楚我們是校友。

比較：find out，find與look for的區(qū)別

find out指通過觀察、探索發(fā)現(xiàn)事實的真相，調(diào)查出原因或發(fā)現(xiàn)秘密、錯誤等；find多表示偶然性地找到；look for著重表現(xiàn)尋找的動作。

I havent found anything out about him yet.

我還沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)有關(guān)他的任何情況。

Weve found a great new restaurant near the office.

我們在辦公室附近發(fā)現(xiàn)了一家很棒的新餐館。

Where have you been? Weve been looking for you.

你上哪兒去了？我們一直在找你。

13. leave out 省去，刪去；漏掉

I havent altered or left out anything.

我沒有更改或刪去任何東西。

Youve made a mistake—youve left out the letter T.

你錯了，你漏掉了字母T。

1) leave... for 離開……去某地

2) leave sth as it is 任某事物自由發(fā)展

3) leave alone 不管；不理會；不打擾

4) leave behind 忘帶；留下

14. (be) aware of 知道；意識到；明白

Were you aware of something was wrong?

你有沒有意識到已經(jīng)出問題了？

I dont think people are really aware of how much it costs.

我認(rèn)為人們并不真正明白它得花多少錢。

1) as far as I am aware 就我所知

2) make sb aware of sth 讓某人明白某事

15. take the lead 帶頭，領(lǐng)先

If we take the lead in this, others may follow.

如果我們在這方面帶頭行動，其他人就會跟著來。

Tom took the lead in the third lap.

湯姆在跑第三圈時領(lǐng)先。

1) be in the lead 領(lǐng)先

2) follow the lead of sb 以某人為榜樣，效仿某人

3) give sb a lead 給某人做出榜樣；提示某人

16. show off 炫耀

She wanted to show off her new husband at the party.

她想在聚會上炫耀自己的新婚丈夫。

1) show sb around/round 領(lǐng)（某人）參觀

2) show up 如約趕到；出現(xiàn)；露面

3) show ones face 露面；公開見人

Thats the Difference

A teenager lost a contact lens while playing basketball in his driveway.

After a fruitless search, he told his mother the lens was nowhere to be found. Undaunted, she went outside and in a few minutes, returned with the lens in her hand.

“How did you manage to find it, Mom?” the teenager asked.

“We werent looking for the same thing,” she replied. “You were looking for a small piece of plastic. I was looking for $150.”