裴詩恩,李宏艷,粱明輝,王林業(yè),朱詩笑,李佰林
(臺(tái)州學(xué)院 醫(yī)藥化工學(xué)院,浙江 臺(tái)州 318000)
微波促進(jìn)下離子液體催化氧雜蒽二酮類化合物的水相合成
裴詩恩,李宏艷,粱明輝,王林業(yè),朱詩笑,李佰林*
(臺(tái)州學(xué)院 醫(yī)藥化工學(xué)院,浙江 臺(tái)州 318000)
新型的磺酸根功能化離子液體作為催化劑成功用于氧雜蒽二酮類衍生物的合成,在微波促進(jìn)下,以水為溶劑合成了一系列的氧雜蒽二酮類衍生物,產(chǎn)物收率達(dá)到92-97%。其過程具有產(chǎn)品容易分離,催化劑可回收循環(huán)利用,不使用有機(jī)溶劑,反應(yīng)時(shí)間短,操作簡(jiǎn)單,綠色環(huán)保等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
氧雜蒽二酮;微波輻射;離子液體;催化
氧雜蒽類化合物由于其在醫(yī)藥、化工、染料等方面的廣泛應(yīng)用而受到越來越多的關(guān)注。如其特有的熒光光譜特性而應(yīng)用于生物分子的透視和激光技術(shù)[1];其結(jié)構(gòu)中含有殺菌活性結(jié)構(gòu)單元具有光能治療作用[2],抗炎作用[3]和抗病毒作用[4],進(jìn)而可廣泛應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域[5];同時(shí),在大多數(shù)天然產(chǎn)物中都含有氧雜蒽的結(jié)構(gòu)單元[6],所以其還可以作為具有吡喃環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)化合物的合成單元。因此,近年來氧雜蒽類化合物的合成研究受到越來越多的關(guān)注。
目前,氧雜蒽二酮的傳統(tǒng)合成方法是通過醛與含活潑亞甲基的羰基化合物在酸或堿催化下合成,其缺點(diǎn)是反應(yīng)時(shí)間長(zhǎng),反應(yīng)條件苛刻,毒性大,產(chǎn)品分離困難等缺點(diǎn),所使用的催化劑如十二烷基苯磺酸[7]、對(duì)甲苯磺酸[8]、Fe3+-蒙脫土[9]、NaHSO4-SiO2和氯化硅[10]、大孔樹脂-15[11]、硅磺酸[12]、(NH4)2HPO4[13]、Dowex-50 W[14]、SbCl3/SiO2[15]、三聚氯氰[16]、BiCl3[17]、聚苯胺-苯磺酸[18]等。而尋找高效、綠色的催化劑及合成方法合成氧雜蒽類化合物仍是廣大科研工作者關(guān)注的一個(gè)重要方向。
1.1 儀器與試劑
Bruker400核磁共振儀;Carlo Erba 1160元素分析儀;DF101D集熱式磁力攪拌器;FTIR-8400付立葉變換紅外光譜儀;MAS-II型微波合成儀。
實(shí)驗(yàn)所用試劑全部為國藥集團(tuán)化學(xué)試劑有限公司購買,純度為分析純;離子液體為自制。
1.2 離子液體的制備
將三甲基硅咪唑(14.0g 0.1mol)加入到100 mL三口燒瓶中,冰浴下緩慢滴加1,3-丙烷磺酸內(nèi)酯
(24.4g 0.2mol),滴加完畢后在冰浴條件下繼續(xù)攪拌0.5h,滴加約5 mL水,繼續(xù)攪拌5h左右,減壓蒸餾脫去水和三甲基硅醇,得到中間產(chǎn)物兩性化合物。向所得中間產(chǎn)物的水溶液中滴加等摩爾的三氟甲磺酸(15.0g 0.1mol),滴加完畢后回流2h,最后于90℃條件下減壓脫溶除去溶劑水,得到淺黃色透明狀離子液體43.2g,收率95%。離子液體的表征數(shù)據(jù)如下:1H NMR(400 MHz,D2O,δ ppm):δ 2.14-2.19(m,4H),2.76-2.79(t,4H,J=7.5 Hz),4.20-4.23(t,4H,J=7.5 Hz),7.39-7.41(d,2H,J=1.5 Hz),8.70(s,1H).13C NMR(125 MHz,D2O,δ ppm):20.9,28.1,49.0,50.1,122.5,135.3.Anal.Calcd.for C10H10N2O2F3S3:C,26.37;H,2.20;N;6.16;O,31.65;F,12.52;S,21.10;Found:C,26.36;H,2.19;N,6.15;O,31.63;F,12.51;S,21.11。
1.3 離子液體催化氧雜蒽二酮的合成
將離子液體(LIs)(0.25 mmol)加入圓底燒瓶中,加入10mL蒸餾水溶解離子液體,隨后加入環(huán)己二酮(10 mmol)、芳香醛(5.0 mmol),于100℃下微波反應(yīng)10min(TLC跟蹤反應(yīng)),反應(yīng)結(jié)束后冷卻至室溫,抽濾,濾餅用水洗滌、無水乙醇重結(jié)晶、干燥后得到產(chǎn)物3(其均為已知化合物)。收率見表1,產(chǎn)物核磁及部分產(chǎn)物紅外表征結(jié)果如下:
表1 離子液體催化氧雜蒽二酮化合物的合成Table1 Synthesis of 1,8-Dioxo-octahydroxanthenes catalyzed by ILs in water
1.4 離子液體的回收利用
以苯甲醛與環(huán)己二酮反應(yīng)為例,考察催化劑的回收利用效果,具體反應(yīng)步驟見“2.3”。反應(yīng)結(jié)束后,過濾得到濾液,含催化劑的濾液減壓蒸餾,除去水后,直接用于催化下次反應(yīng)。催化劑循環(huán)使用5次后,產(chǎn)物收率為95%,可見其催化效果沒有明顯的降低。結(jié)果如表2所示。
表2 催化劑在及應(yīng)中的循環(huán)使用對(duì)產(chǎn)物收率影響Table2 Recycling and reusing of the catalyst in the condensation reaction on yields
1.5 結(jié)果與討論
利用磺酸型離子液體為催化劑,能有效催化一系列的芳香醛與環(huán)己二酮的縮合反應(yīng),反應(yīng)結(jié)果見表1。從表中可見,在離子液體催化下,大部分反應(yīng)在10 min內(nèi)即可獲得較好收率(92%~97%),芳環(huán)上的取代基對(duì)反應(yīng)有一定的影響。在給電子基團(tuán)中,對(duì)位取代基要優(yōu)于鄰、間位取代(序號(hào)2,3,4,5);吸電子基團(tuán)中的鄰、間位比對(duì)位更有利于反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行,而甲基取代的環(huán)己二酮由于其位阻的存在不利于反應(yīng)進(jìn)行(序號(hào)11)。
與已報(bào)道的合成方法相比,在微波促進(jìn)下酸性離子液體催化的芳香醛與環(huán)己二酮的縮合反應(yīng),具有反應(yīng)條件溫和、產(chǎn)率高、操作簡(jiǎn)單、反應(yīng)時(shí)間短、可回收重復(fù)使用等優(yōu)點(diǎn),避免了部分傳統(tǒng)合成方法使用有機(jī)溶劑、催化劑不能回收利用、反應(yīng)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)等不足。該方法為氧雜蒽二酮類化合物的合成提供了新途徑,符合綠色化學(xué)要求,有潛在的應(yīng)用前景。
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Acidic Ionic Iiquid Catalyzed Green Synthesis of Biscoumarin Derivatives
PEI Shi-en,LI Hong-yan,LIANG Ming-hui,WANG Lin-ye,ZHU Shi-xiao,LI Bai-lin*
(School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering,Taizhou University,Taizhou 318000,China)
Novel SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids were successfully applied as catalysts for synthesis of xanthenediones under microwave irradiation in Aqueous. Various types of Xanthenes were provided in 92~97% yields using the catalytic system of [(HSO3-p)2im][CF3SO3]/H2O. The products could be conveniently separated from the reaction mixture by filtration and the dissolved catalyst could be reused without any treatment,which of the separation process was performed in water without using any organic solvents.The method not only has the advantages of short time and simple operation,but also is environmentally friendly.
Xanthenedione;microwave irradiation;Lonic liquid;catalyst
10.13853/j.cnki.issn.1672-3708.2014.06.009
(責(zé)任編輯:耿繼祥)
2014-10-20;
2014-11-07
簡(jiǎn)介:李佰林(1972- ),男,吉林永吉人,講師,博士,研究方向?yàn)榫G色有機(jī)合成。