建筑設(shè)計(jì)：致力于住所與環(huán)境建設(shè)的建筑師社團(tuán)

十宅，曼谷，泰國

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：致力于住所與環(huán)境建設(shè)的建筑師社團(tuán)

1.2 外景/External views

十宅是一個重新定義住宅開發(fā)的項(xiàng)目。通常的住宅項(xiàng)目不會留給中產(chǎn)階級購房者很多設(shè)計(jì)和建造的選擇。他們?yōu)榱速I一棟理想住宅積攢一生工作的積蓄，最終卻住進(jìn)缺乏個性的商業(yè)大樓，這實(shí)在讓人遺憾。為了解決這個問題，一群泰國建筑師在1996年成立了名為“致力于住所與環(huán)境建設(shè)的建筑師社團(tuán)”（英文簡稱CASE）的組織，他們享有共同的夢想，想要為不尋常的住宅項(xiàng)目找到解決方案。CASE探索設(shè)計(jì)的過程與住戶個人創(chuàng)造力的表達(dá)之間的基本關(guān)系，并增加服務(wù)于住戶特殊需求的功能。

當(dāng)然，每個家庭都是獨(dú)一無二的。住宅項(xiàng)目不只由一個房子構(gòu)成，它還包含偏好各異的鄰居，就此而言，讓住戶加入設(shè)計(jì)過程的想法是大膽而有啟發(fā)作用的。從集體的角度看，每個人的偏好能夠被滿足到何種程度是一個挑戰(zhàn)，因此需要集體的努力和妥協(xié)的策略來創(chuàng)造“一個”包含“10個”獨(dú)立住宅的整理設(shè)想。

CASE所關(guān)注的概念是每個單元擁有相似建筑和建造邏輯的住宅社區(qū)。但是，每個單元的設(shè)計(jì)必須要足夠有針對性地應(yīng)對住戶的多樣需求，并反映出他們的生活方式。通過讓甲方實(shí)質(zhì)性地參與到設(shè)計(jì)過程中，CASE更像是一個建筑顧問，而非建筑師。但是，在將每個甲方的夢想轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋€能夠表達(dá)整個社區(qū)一致性的最終設(shè)計(jì)中，CASE的角色是至關(guān)重要的。

與大阪十宅的原始居住社區(qū)不同，曼谷十宅是一個實(shí)驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目，它的房主是中產(chǎn)階級，其中部分人是建筑師，甚至是CASE的成員。作為一個個體，每個人的力量都是微弱的，但是作為一個團(tuán)體，他們可以增加購買力和創(chuàng)造力去達(dá)成理想住宅。首先，曼谷十宅的成員、設(shè)計(jì)師和住戶開始選定場地，這塊場地的價格需要能被負(fù)擔(dān)得起、位置需要讓每個人同樣方便，曼谷交通系統(tǒng)未來的擴(kuò)張也需要被考慮進(jìn)去。然后，合作設(shè)計(jì)在住戶之間逐漸展開。整個項(xiàng)目所占據(jù)的基地被劃分為10塊次級基地，每個次級基地的面積是相等的。項(xiàng)目涉及到的每個人都要設(shè)定他們個人以及所屬集體的設(shè)計(jì)和居住標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。一個人不能在不顧全他人和與他人協(xié)商的情況下簡單地將自己的設(shè)計(jì)置入地段中。概念上，每個房子都要從共同的環(huán)境中生長出來。

當(dāng)一個人走入其中，具有主導(dǎo)性的庭院是主要的空間組織者和導(dǎo)航者，它將每個住宅單元中迷宮般的路徑統(tǒng)一并分隔開來。每個單元的邊界在概念上是封閉的，但實(shí)際上部分單元是沒有界限的，這產(chǎn)生了一種相互聯(lián)系又不喪失私密性的感覺。十宅的最終目的不是保持實(shí)驗(yàn)性，而是為工薪階層提供一個不尋常的居住解決方案?！酰ɡ钊粜?譯）

TEN is a project that redefines the notion of housing development. Generally, residential projects do not leave middle class homebuyers many options in terms of design or construction. It's sad to think of these buyers saving money their whole working lives to buy their dream houses, but ending up with this kind of lacking in identity commercial design. In 1996, a group of Thai architects formed Community Architects for Shelter and Environment (or CASE) to address this problem. This collaboration of people of similar vision sought alternative housing project solutions. CASE explores the relationship between the design process and the desire to express the individual creativity of house owners or dwellers, generating add-on functions to serve their particular needs.

Each family is unique. The idea of involving inhabitants in the design process is daring and inspiring since housing projects do not consist of only one house, but rather a collection of neighbors with different preferences. Satisfying each of their preferences is a challenge. It requires a collaborative effort and compromise to create a unified blueprint with "ten" separate individualized homes.

CASE focuses on an ambition of a community in which each unit has a similar architectural and constructional logic. Yet, the design of each unit must be particular enough to respond to varying demands of its residents and reflect their lifestyle. By actually involving clients in the design process, CASE becomes more of an architect-consultant than an architect-designer. Still, CASE's role is crucial in transforming each client's particular vision into a final design representing the consensus of the whole community.

Unlike TEN Osaka, the original home community, TEN Bangkok is a pilot project comprising middle class homeowners some of which are architects and also members of CASE. As individuals, each remains powerless, but working as a community they can multiply their buying and creative power to achieve their ideal home. First, the working class members/designers/inhabitants of TEN Bangkok begin the site selection process.The land has to be affordable and in a location that equally convenient to all. The future expansion of Bangkok's transportation system is also taken into account. Then the design collaboration between each resident begins. The project occupies a single plot of land divided into ten subplots. The footprint of each subplot is equal. Everyone involved sets their personal and collective design and dwelling criteria. One cannot simply insert one’s design into the site without careful consideration and negotiation with the others. The goal is that each house produced on the site has the support and agreement of its neighbors.

Entering, a dominant courtyard acts as a main spatial organizer and navigator. It unites and separates the circulation of each and every unit.The boundary of each unit is fixed but also partially unbounded. There is a sense of interconnectedness without a lose privacy. The ultimate goal of the TEN is not to remain an experimental approach but to offer a generally viable alternative housing solution for working class people.□

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Clients: Patama Roonrakwit, Wachara Sonchaeng, Supitcha Tovivich, Nantapong Yindeekhun, Chawanad Launseng, Parnjai Jarusarn, Narttaya Kimyong, Thanida Samathapan

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: Patama Roonrakwit, Wachara Sonchaeng, Supitcha Tovivich, Nantapong Yindeekhun, Chawanad Launseng

室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)/Interior Designers: Patama Roonrakwit, Wachara Sonchaeng, Supitcha Tovivich, Nantapong Yindeekhun

場地面積/Site Area: 936m2

建筑面積/Floor Area: 1500m2

設(shè)計(jì)時間/Design Period: 2004

攝影/Photos: Art4d

3 用于公共活動的連接平臺/Connected deck for common use

4 首層平面/Floor 0 plan

評論

王彥：靜謐而富有張力的模糊空間

兩個或者多個家庭所共享的一系列內(nèi)院空間, 處于一種介于私密與半公共的模糊狀態(tài)。建筑師恰到好處地利用墻面、隔柵、天橋、欄桿等因素的設(shè)計(jì)安排，既確定了每戶家庭各自的活動領(lǐng)域，又創(chuàng)造出鄰里之間可以進(jìn)行視覺或語言溝通的空間場所。陽光透過頂棚隔柵灑進(jìn)內(nèi)院，一種靜謐而富有張力的氣氛籠罩了4m×4m網(wǎng)格構(gòu)架體系所營造出的豐富空間，令人贊嘆。有著相同居住理想的中產(chǎn)階級家庭在這里匯聚，以彼此之間的價值認(rèn)同和鄰里關(guān)照為基礎(chǔ)，形成和諧而富有溫情的社區(qū)關(guān)系，這些都在作品中展露無遺，令人神往。

趙揚(yáng)：建筑師為自己蓋房子本不稀罕，但5位建筑師為包括自己在內(nèi)的8位建筑師設(shè)計(jì)集合住宅，而且從方法到結(jié)果，都呈現(xiàn)出一種建筑實(shí)驗(yàn)的開放心態(tài)，實(shí)在難能可貴。設(shè)計(jì)的工具和方法必須具有理性和靈活性，才能保證在設(shè)計(jì)的過程中，建筑和生活的信息能不斷加入，讓生活的豐富性和差異性本身去塑造建筑的形態(tài)。CASE的這種實(shí)踐讓我聯(lián)想到智利建筑師亞歷杭德羅·阿拉維納領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的Elemental公司在金塔·蒙羅伊的集合住宅項(xiàng)目，建筑師首先通過理性的分析和判斷，確定一個空間的格局，剩下的部分（包括加建的體量、部分的立面、室內(nèi)的分割）由使用者去完成。所不同的是，在十宅這個項(xiàng)目里，雖然每個建筑師在屬于自己的格子里體現(xiàn)了各自生活的差異，但最后還是通過統(tǒng)一的材料和細(xì)部做法來實(shí)現(xiàn)作為一個作品的完整性。緊湊的平面、材料的樸素以及細(xì)部的簡潔可以看出建筑師在控制建筑形式和預(yù)算方面的努力。

Comments

WANG Yan: A Quiet Space of Great Strength

The inner courtyard space at the heart of this project is shared by two or more families and hovers between a condition of privacy and semi-publicity. The architects appropriately used design, spatial composition, barriers, overlooks and various other tools to make each unit into a home for a family and create spaces for communication-visual and oral. As sunlight penetrates through the ceiling grille, a strong tranquil atmosphere is created in the space formed by the 4×4m grid structure. In this community of middle class families with common values a warm relationship is forged. And this commonality is fully supported by every detail of the architectureimpressive and attractive.

ZHAO Yang: It is not rare for an architect to build a house for himself, but it is very brave of these five architects to design this housing complex for eight architects including themselves. From its methods to its final results, this project expresses openmindedness and a willingness to experiment. The tools and methods must be rational and flexible to ensure that the buildings can be added to incrementally over time-allowing the richness and diversity of the user's life to shape their home. This CASE project reminds me of the Chilean architect Alejandro Aravena's Quinta Monroy residential project. In this project, the spatial composition was first determined using rational analysis and judgment. The user was then allowed to complete it (adding massing, facade elements, and interior partitions). The difference between these two projects is that, although each of the CASE architects reveals the differences of each of their lives in their homes, they use unified materials and detailing to maintain the project's integrity. Its compact layout, simple materials, and concise detailing reveal the architects' efforts to control architectural forms and the budget.

TEN House, Bangkok, Thailand, 2007

Architects: Community Architects for Shelter and Environment (CASE)

5 泳池/Swimming pool

6 3號住宅正面/Front of house No.3