【摘 要】本文首先闡述在二語習(xí)得過程中的影響要素，如年齡、習(xí)得能力等等；其次針對如何做好二語習(xí)得給出讀者一些實(shí)用的建議。

【關(guān)鍵詞】第二語言習(xí)得；語言學(xué)習(xí)者；建議

If you want to be a good language learner， you will have to know the factors that make a good language learner. As far as the main factors that make a good language learner are concerned， the following aspects need to be discussed.

Firstly， the language learner is the major point in the process of language learning. Secondly， age is another factor that is related to the study of foreign language. Thirdly， the ability of learning a foreign language is the cognitive ability of learning a foreign language. Fourthly， the successful language learning is related to many characteristics of psychological linguistics. One of them is the objective which is the most important factor. Lastly， some linguists stressed that the past learning experience is quite important. The successful experience of the foreign language study in the past has a great influence on the future foreign language study.

What we should look for on earth in the samples of learner language？ It is possible for you to intend to put the emphasis on the way how learners’ overall ability to communicate improves， how they are very fluent when they use the second language. But， generally speaking， the acquisition of the second language focused on the formal characteristics of language that linguists have traditionally concentrated on rather than put the stress on these aspects of communication of language development. If we understand these aspects of the method， we will be clear about what make a good language learner.

On the other hand， to be a good language learner， we would have to know something about language learning process because language learning process would influence you. First， language learning is a long process； second， language learning is a process of successive approximation. Third， language learning might influence or affect us in the aspect of emotion； last， learning a new language may be especially difficult for some people. Specifically， language learning is a long process. No matter what goal of study you set up， language learning would occupy much of your time which is longer than what you imagined， because language itself is a very complicated system. In such a system， sounds， vocabulary， grammar and the way of expression of the meaning and so on are all different from your native language. In the course of study， each aspect would demand you to reorganize your way of thinking， receive much information of the new language and have much practice of the new language. You would take great effort in connecting the old and the new language. So it is really not easy to use language freely. Language learning is a process of successive approximation. When we learn a new language， you will set a new system in your mind and communicate with others by using a set of new rules. The process of children’s establishing a new system is the one of putting forward the hypothesis， examining and verifying the hypothesis and revising the hypothesis. And this process is called successive approximation.

In addition to this， if you want to be a good language learner， you will have to clarify your objectives which include the objectives of listening， the objectives of speaking， the objectives of reading and the objectives of writing because different objectives for different skills. Language learners usually hope that they can speak， understand， read， and write a foreign language even if they have had experience in the language with only one or two of these skills. Meanwhile， it is of importance to know that even if there is a good deal of transition or carry-over from one skill to another， each skill demands different attention and practice in order to develop. For example， suppose you emphasize reading and grammar practice in a foreign language study， it is difficult for the people to believe that you will be readily able to understand native speech or to speak the language yourself. On the other hand， if you put the emphasis on speaking and listening comprehension in foreign language learning， it is not possible for you to have the ability to read newspapers or write personal or business letters. The key aspect is that the language learner has to make the decision whether a language learner need all the skills， some combination of them， or only one.

The main reason for establishing an objective is that it will help you to choose activities that are important to you and make you save time and spend less effort on those that is not helpful to your realizing your purpose.

Another point that makes a good language learner is that a language learner needs to plan their language study. If you have made the decision what your objectives are， you will have to find the most appropriate learning environment where the objectives can be achieved. Usually there are two fundamental environments where a language can be learned. One is the formal， the other is informal environment. Suppose a language is learned mainly through immersion into the foreign speech area， we regard it as an informal setting. If a language is learned mainly with a teacher and a textbook， we call it a formal environment. Of course， it is better to combine the two worlds – the formal and the informal settings together.

All in all， what makes a good language learner is briefly discussed in the above description. As for the clear and thorough illustration it still needs the further research. The more information on the second language acquisition we get， the better answer to the question about what makes a good language learner we can have.