賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。

【考點(diǎn)掃描】

中考對(duì)賓語從句的考查主要集中在以下幾個(gè)方面：

1. 引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞和代詞選擇；

2. 賓語從句的語序；

3. 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)。

考查的主要形式是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)肯定也要用到賓語從句。

【名師精講】

一、賓語從句的種類

賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。

1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。That只有語法作用，沒有實(shí)在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。如：

He said （that） he wanted to stay at home.

She doesn’t know （that） she is seriously ill.

I am sure （that） he will succeed.

2. 由連接代詞who， whom， whose， what， which和連接副詞when， where， why， how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。如：

Do you know who （whom） they are waiting foe？

He asked whose handwriting was the best.

Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is？

I don’t know why the train is late.

3. 由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。如：

I want to know if （whether） he lives there.

He asked me whether （if） I could help him.

二、 賓語從句的語序

賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句的語序。例如：

I hear （that） physics isn’t easy.

I think （that） you will like this school soon.

Can you tell me how I can get to zoo？

Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.

三、 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)

1. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語從句該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)態(tài)。如：

I don’t think （that） you are right.

Please tell us where he is.

Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station？

2. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)（一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)）。如：

He asked what time it was.

He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.

He asked if you had written to Peter.

He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.

3. 如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：

Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.

Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.

【中考范例】

1. Miss Green didn’t tell us _______ in 2002.

A. where does she live B. Where she lives

C. where did she live D. where she lived

【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序和時(shí)態(tài)。賓語從句應(yīng)用陳述句的語序和時(shí)態(tài)，所以應(yīng)選D。

2.Would you please tell me ________？

A. when did he come home B. where he would play football

C. if he had seen the film D. why he didn’t watch the game

【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序和時(shí)態(tài)。主句用的實(shí)際上是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語從句在這個(gè)句子里應(yīng)用陳述句的語序和一般過去時(shí)。

3.I don’t know when __________.

A. will the train leave B. the train will leave

C. would the train leave D. the train leave

【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序和時(shí)態(tài)。只有B在語序和時(shí)態(tài)上符合要求。

4. —We don’t know _____________.

—It is said that he was born in Sweden.

A. what he is B. if he lives here

C. where he comes from D. which country is he from

【解析】答案： C。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序。按照他們談?wù)摰脑掝}可知：他們說的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的語序不對(duì)，只有C正確。