There is a legendary， though perhaps apocryphal， story regarding Xu Bings most famous and infl uential artwork “Book from the Sky” （天書 Ti`nsh$）—Xus bold creation of 4，000 “false”Chinese characters. A senior editor at a Chinese publishing house tried for days on end to fi nd a single readable character， but at long last， the stress of the exercise made him sick. While the story may be exaggerated， it fundamentally displays the essence of the work： the created characters are without doubt

beautiful but ultimately unreadable. This monumental and otherworldly artwork consists of an installation consisting of an arrangement of thread-bound Chinese books and large printed sheets of paper scrolls printed with thousands of pseudo-characters， each character originally hand-carved onto small wooden blocks by Xu himself. At the time， the work left the Chinese literary elite dumbfounded， as if Xu was toying with one of the very pillars of their culture.

Produced with beautiful letterpress printing， hand-sewn binding， elegant layout， and detailed margin annotations， each character was created to correspond to each legitimate character； they had a formal appearance， but could not be read by anyone. With this work， Xu had reconstructed the written character while simultaneously constructing another world where the familiar was in invalidated.

If “Book from the Sky” couldnt be read by anyone， his later artwork “Book from the Ground” （地書 D#sh$） could be read by everyone. The book was written as a series of signs and symbols that can be grasped by anyone regardless of their culture. He began organizing and collecting all kinds of signs， and made research into the symbols used in the fi elds of mathematics， chemistry， physics， graphics， music， dance notation， trademarks and so forth. He used the basis of these signs and symbols to create “Book from the Ground”. In a sense， the writing system in the book transcends regional cultures.

Xu has long paid much attention to the written word and， similar to many linguists， believes they form an essential part in the basis for how humans think. On one level his two artworks seems totally different， however， as he says， “no matter which language you speak， whether you are educated or not， they treat you equally.” - A.Z.