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        代詞考點精講

        2013-04-12 00:00:00王瑩瑩
        初中生世界·九年級 2013年4期

        代詞涉及的考點多而繁雜,它是中考命題必測知識點之一。下面就針對代詞的常見考點,精選相關(guān)典型中考試題進行分析,并提供針對性的練習(xí)。

        一、對人稱代詞主格和賓格的考查。

        【考點聚焦】

        位于謂語動詞前一般使用主格代詞,在及物動詞和介詞后應(yīng)使用賓格代詞。

        特別要注意一些接雙賓語的動詞, 其后必須接賓格代詞,不能中文思維而誤用物主代詞。

        [經(jīng)典題例] Reading more helps learn better.

        A. we B. our C. us D. ours (2012年 重慶)

        [簡析] 本題考查代詞的用法。help后的人稱代詞應(yīng)用賓格,we的賓格為us,故選C

        二、對物主代詞的考查。

        【考點聚焦】

        ◆解該類題時,首先要觀察空格后有沒有名詞,如果有名詞,則用形容詞性物主代詞;反之,則用名詞性物主代詞。

        ◆如果有兩個以上的選項中物主代詞一致時,要在了解句意的基礎(chǔ)上,保證上下文的邏輯一致。

        [經(jīng)典題例] Would you please lend me _____ English book? _____ isn’t here. (2012年 貴州安順)

        A.your; I B.you; MyC.yours; Mine D.your; Mine

        [簡析] 本題考查代詞的用法。句意為“你能借給我你的英語書嗎?”先排除B和C?!拔业牟辉谶@里?!睉?yīng)該用名詞性物主代詞mine表示。故選D。

        三、對反身代詞的考查。

        【考點聚焦】

        ◆有些動詞,如teach, enjoy等后需接反身代詞作賓語。

        ◆用于“及物動詞+賓語(反身代詞)+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:help yourselves to…表示“隨便吃……”。

        ◆當(dāng)反身代詞與by搭配時, “by oneself”意為“單獨地,沒有人幫助地”。

        [經(jīng)典題例]—Jack,who helped _________ make the model ship?

        —Nobody! I made it all by.

        A. your; my B. your; mineC. you; myself D. you; mine

        【解析】考查人稱代詞的用法。第一空放在動詞后,要用賓格,故可排除A和C。句意“沒人幫我,我是自己制作的”,要用反身代詞,故選C。

        四、對指示代詞的考查。

        【考點聚焦】

        ◆ one, ones,that,those常用來代替句中或上文已經(jīng)提到的人或事物。one和ones常用來代替可數(shù)名詞,表示泛指。that常指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,those指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。

        ◆ 打電話時,常用that詢問對方是誰,用this介紹自己是誰。

        ◆ 代指上文中所提到的事物時往往使用it。

        [經(jīng)典題例] The population of Tianjin is larger than ________ of Shanghai. (2011年 泰安)

        A. that B. those C. it D. ones

        [簡析]由于比較的對象要一致,所以用that代替the population,故答案為A項。

        五、對疑問代詞的考查。

        【考點聚焦】

        掌握各種疑問代詞的用法,再根據(jù)答語選出對應(yīng)的疑問代詞是解該類題的“法寶”。

        [經(jīng)典題例]—Wow! How beautiful! flowers are these?

        —Today is Mother’s Day. They are for , Mum. (2012年 泰州)

        A. Which, you B. Which yours C. Whose, yours D. Whose, you

        【解析】考查疑問代詞的用法。根據(jù)對話下文“今天是母親節(jié),這些花是給你的”可知,上句問“這是給誰的花?”;介詞for后用賓格,故選D項。

        六、對不定代詞both, all, either, any, neither等的考查。

        【考點聚焦】

        ◆解該類試題的關(guān)鍵在于正確記憶這些易混不定代詞的用法。具體用法見下表:

        都……都不……任一個每一

        一般適用于兩者bothNeithereithereach

        一般適用于三者或三者以上all none any Every

        ◆觀察空格處后的謂語動詞的形式也有助于排除一些干擾項。

        [經(jīng)典題例]—When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning?

        —________ is OK. I’m free these days. (2011年 重慶)

        A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither

        [簡析] 解答此類試題可從兩個方面考慮:①判斷所談事物是兩個還是三個(以上),如所談事物為兩個,則從both, neither, either中考慮,如所談事物為三個(以上),則從all, none, any中考慮。②判斷句式是肯定句還是否定句,如果句式為肯定句,則從both, all, either, any中考慮,如果句式為否定句,則從neither, none中考慮。根據(jù)題意可以知道該題的正確答案是C項。

        七、對復(fù)合不定代詞的考查。

        【考點聚焦】

        ◆復(fù)合不定代詞用作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

        ◆由some合成的復(fù)合不定代詞通常用在肯定句中;由any合成的復(fù)合不定代詞通常用于一般疑問句、否定句中;nothing, nobody, no one用于陳述句中表示否定。有些疑問句,在表示請求、建議或反問時,也可以用some合成的復(fù)合不定代詞。

        ◆當(dāng)形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時,形容詞須后置。

        ◆在一定的語境下對不定代詞的正確選用是近年來命題的熱點所在。

        [經(jīng)典題例] There is ________ with my computer. Can you help me mend it? (2012年 欽州)

        A. nothing wrong B. anything wrong

        C. something wrong D. wrong something

        [簡析]根據(jù)形容詞修飾不定代詞時要后置,可以排除D項;又下文請求幫助修理,說明電腦有些問題,因而答案是something wrong。

        八、對代詞it和one的考查。

        【考點聚焦】

        ◆it和one都可用來代替前面提到過的名詞。it與前面提到過的名詞指同一件事物,是特指;one所代替的是前面提到的同類事物,但不是同一件,是泛指。

        ◆it在一定的情景中可指某一特定的、或心目中的、或談話雙方都知道的或性別不明的某個人。

        [經(jīng)典題例] —A latest Yangzhou Daily, please!

        —Only one copy left. Would you like to have , sir? (2012年 揚州)

        A. one B. it C. this D. that

        [簡析]該題考查代詞的辨析。指代上面提到的東西應(yīng)用it, 所以B項正確。

        強化訓(xùn)練

        A)單選選擇,選擇最佳答案。

        1. —Frank can't find _________dictionary. Can you lend _________ to __________?

        —Certainly.

        A. her, mine, her B. 不填, yours, his C. my, yours, he D. his, yours, him

        2. The book is _________. I wrote __________ name on its cover__________.

        A. my, my, myself B. mine, my, myself

        C. mine, myself, my D. myself, mine, my

        3. —Nobody knows ________ he was after he graduated from Beijing University.

        —But I was once told he was a doctor in a faraway village.

        A. what B. who C. whose D. how

        4. —________ is your maths teacher?

        —The one in red.

        A. What B. Whose C. Which D. How

        5. Shirley had to buy __________ these CDs because she didn’t know which one to take.

        A. all B. none C. each D. both

        6. My friends and I are interested in drawing, but _________ of us is good at it.

        A. neither B. both C. none D. all

        7. —Joan, someone in your class phoned you this morning.

        —Oh, who was ________?

        A. he B. she C. it D. that

        8. The weather in summer in Beijing is cooler than _____ in Shanghai.

        A. this B. it C. that D. one

        9. —What did you buy for your daughter at the supermarket?

        —I bought _________, because I couldn't find _________ she likes.

        A. something, anything B. anything, something

        C. nothing, anything D. something, nothing

        10. Your digital watch is quite nice. Where did you buy_________?I want to buy__________,too.

        A. one, one B. it, it C. it, one D. one, it

        B)根據(jù)句意,用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空。

        1. I have finished my work, but I don’t think Lily has finished __________.

        2. —May I help you with some shoes, sir?

        —Yes, I’d like to try on those brown __________.

        3. Is there anyone here __________ can speak Russian?

        4. The weather here is different from __________ in Guangzhou.

        5. He is cleverer than the __________ boys in his class.

        6. “Help __________ to some fish and vegetables,” Miss Gao said to the twins.

        7. Yao Ming is a basketball star. I like __________ very much.

        8. My watch is broken. I’ll go and buy a new __________.

        9. I found __________ important to learn to communicate with strangers.

        10. My necklace is not the only thing __________ is missing.

        參考答案

        A)1—5 DBACA 6—10 CCC CC

        B)1. hers 2. ones 3. who 4. that 5. other

        6. yourselves 7. him 8. one 9. it 10. that

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