代詞涉及的考點多而繁雜,它是中考命題必測知識點之一。下面就針對代詞的常見考點,精選相關(guān)典型中考試題進行分析,并提供針對性的練習(xí)。
一、對人稱代詞主格和賓格的考查。
【考點聚焦】
位于謂語動詞前一般使用主格代詞,在及物動詞和介詞后應(yīng)使用賓格代詞。
特別要注意一些接雙賓語的動詞, 其后必須接賓格代詞,不能中文思維而誤用物主代詞。
[經(jīng)典題例] Reading more helps learn better.
A. we B. our C. us D. ours (2012年 重慶)
[簡析] 本題考查代詞的用法。help后的人稱代詞應(yīng)用賓格,we的賓格為us,故選C
二、對物主代詞的考查。
【考點聚焦】
◆解該類題時,首先要觀察空格后有沒有名詞,如果有名詞,則用形容詞性物主代詞;反之,則用名詞性物主代詞。
◆如果有兩個以上的選項中物主代詞一致時,要在了解句意的基礎(chǔ)上,保證上下文的邏輯一致。
[經(jīng)典題例] Would you please lend me _____ English book? _____ isn’t here. (2012年 貴州安順)
A.your; I B.you; MyC.yours; Mine D.your; Mine
[簡析] 本題考查代詞的用法。句意為“你能借給我你的英語書嗎?”先排除B和C?!拔业牟辉谶@里?!睉?yīng)該用名詞性物主代詞mine表示。故選D。
三、對反身代詞的考查。
【考點聚焦】
◆有些動詞,如teach, enjoy等后需接反身代詞作賓語。
◆用于“及物動詞+賓語(反身代詞)+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:help yourselves to…表示“隨便吃……”。
◆當(dāng)反身代詞與by搭配時, “by oneself”意為“單獨地,沒有人幫助地”。
[經(jīng)典題例]—Jack,who helped _________ make the model ship?
—Nobody! I made it all by.
A. your; my B. your; mineC. you; myself D. you; mine
【解析】考查人稱代詞的用法。第一空放在動詞后,要用賓格,故可排除A和C。句意“沒人幫我,我是自己制作的”,要用反身代詞,故選C。
四、對指示代詞的考查。
【考點聚焦】
◆ one, ones,that,those常用來代替句中或上文已經(jīng)提到的人或事物。one和ones常用來代替可數(shù)名詞,表示泛指。that常指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,those指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。
◆ 打電話時,常用that詢問對方是誰,用this介紹自己是誰。
◆ 代指上文中所提到的事物時往往使用it。
[經(jīng)典題例] The population of Tianjin is larger than ________ of Shanghai. (2011年 泰安)
A. that B. those C. it D. ones
[簡析]由于比較的對象要一致,所以用that代替the population,故答案為A項。
五、對疑問代詞的考查。
【考點聚焦】
掌握各種疑問代詞的用法,再根據(jù)答語選出對應(yīng)的疑問代詞是解該類題的“法寶”。
[經(jīng)典題例]—Wow! How beautiful! flowers are these?
—Today is Mother’s Day. They are for , Mum. (2012年 泰州)
A. Which, you B. Which yours C. Whose, yours D. Whose, you
【解析】考查疑問代詞的用法。根據(jù)對話下文“今天是母親節(jié),這些花是給你的”可知,上句問“這是給誰的花?”;介詞for后用賓格,故選D項。
六、對不定代詞both, all, either, any, neither等的考查。
【考點聚焦】
◆解該類試題的關(guān)鍵在于正確記憶這些易混不定代詞的用法。具體用法見下表:
都……都不……任一個每一
一般適用于兩者bothNeithereithereach
一般適用于三者或三者以上all none any Every
◆觀察空格處后的謂語動詞的形式也有助于排除一些干擾項。
[經(jīng)典題例]—When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning?
—________ is OK. I’m free these days. (2011年 重慶)
A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither
[簡析] 解答此類試題可從兩個方面考慮:①判斷所談事物是兩個還是三個(以上),如所談事物為兩個,則從both, neither, either中考慮,如所談事物為三個(以上),則從all, none, any中考慮。②判斷句式是肯定句還是否定句,如果句式為肯定句,則從both, all, either, any中考慮,如果句式為否定句,則從neither, none中考慮。根據(jù)題意可以知道該題的正確答案是C項。
七、對復(fù)合不定代詞的考查。
【考點聚焦】
◆復(fù)合不定代詞用作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
◆由some合成的復(fù)合不定代詞通常用在肯定句中;由any合成的復(fù)合不定代詞通常用于一般疑問句、否定句中;nothing, nobody, no one用于陳述句中表示否定。有些疑問句,在表示請求、建議或反問時,也可以用some合成的復(fù)合不定代詞。
◆當(dāng)形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時,形容詞須后置。
◆在一定的語境下對不定代詞的正確選用是近年來命題的熱點所在。
[經(jīng)典題例] There is ________ with my computer. Can you help me mend it? (2012年 欽州)
A. nothing wrong B. anything wrong
C. something wrong D. wrong something
[簡析]根據(jù)形容詞修飾不定代詞時要后置,可以排除D項;又下文請求幫助修理,說明電腦有些問題,因而答案是something wrong。
八、對代詞it和one的考查。
【考點聚焦】
◆it和one都可用來代替前面提到過的名詞。it與前面提到過的名詞指同一件事物,是特指;one所代替的是前面提到的同類事物,但不是同一件,是泛指。
◆it在一定的情景中可指某一特定的、或心目中的、或談話雙方都知道的或性別不明的某個人。
[經(jīng)典題例] —A latest Yangzhou Daily, please!
—Only one copy left. Would you like to have , sir? (2012年 揚州)
A. one B. it C. this D. that
[簡析]該題考查代詞的辨析。指代上面提到的東西應(yīng)用it, 所以B項正確。
強化訓(xùn)練
A)單選選擇,選擇最佳答案。
1. —Frank can't find _________dictionary. Can you lend _________ to __________?
—Certainly.
A. her, mine, her B. 不填, yours, his C. my, yours, he D. his, yours, him
2. The book is _________. I wrote __________ name on its cover__________.
A. my, my, myself B. mine, my, myself
C. mine, myself, my D. myself, mine, my
3. —Nobody knows ________ he was after he graduated from Beijing University.
—But I was once told he was a doctor in a faraway village.
A. what B. who C. whose D. how
4. —________ is your maths teacher?
—The one in red.
A. What B. Whose C. Which D. How
5. Shirley had to buy __________ these CDs because she didn’t know which one to take.
A. all B. none C. each D. both
6. My friends and I are interested in drawing, but _________ of us is good at it.
A. neither B. both C. none D. all
7. —Joan, someone in your class phoned you this morning.
—Oh, who was ________?
A. he B. she C. it D. that
8. The weather in summer in Beijing is cooler than _____ in Shanghai.
A. this B. it C. that D. one
9. —What did you buy for your daughter at the supermarket?
—I bought _________, because I couldn't find _________ she likes.
A. something, anything B. anything, something
C. nothing, anything D. something, nothing
10. Your digital watch is quite nice. Where did you buy_________?I want to buy__________,too.
A. one, one B. it, it C. it, one D. one, it
B)根據(jù)句意,用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空。
1. I have finished my work, but I don’t think Lily has finished __________.
2. —May I help you with some shoes, sir?
—Yes, I’d like to try on those brown __________.
3. Is there anyone here __________ can speak Russian?
4. The weather here is different from __________ in Guangzhou.
5. He is cleverer than the __________ boys in his class.
6. “Help __________ to some fish and vegetables,” Miss Gao said to the twins.
7. Yao Ming is a basketball star. I like __________ very much.
8. My watch is broken. I’ll go and buy a new __________.
9. I found __________ important to learn to communicate with strangers.
10. My necklace is not the only thing __________ is missing.
參考答案
A)1—5 DBACA 6—10 CCC CC
B)1. hers 2. ones 3. who 4. that 5. other
6. yourselves 7. him 8. one 9. it 10. that