Football is in upheaval over concussions -- not because the game has become more dangerous， but because we now know things we didnt a few decades ago. In a nutshell， blows to the head come with an evolving list of medical risks including a collection of life-altering short-， medium- and long-term health problems， including headaches， depression and dementia. The suicide rates are alarming.

在腦震蕩這個(gè)問(wèn)題上，橄欖球無(wú)疑是最先要被提及的。不是因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)更危險(xiǎn)，而是因?yàn)槲覀儽葞资昵坝辛烁嗟恼J(rèn)識(shí)。概括地說(shuō)，腦部受到?jīng)_擊會(huì)導(dǎo)致一系列醫(yī)學(xué)上的病害，包括改變?nèi)松亩唐凇⒅衅诤烷L(zhǎng)期的健康問(wèn)題，其中包括頭痛、抑郁以及癡呆。自殺率也令人擔(dān)憂。

Easy solutions are not good； good solutions are not easy. The implications for the sport are profound enough that some --Malcolm Gladwell① comes to mind -- have predicted footballs demise， or close to it.

簡(jiǎn)單的處理不夠好，好的處理又不簡(jiǎn)單。這對(duì)這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)所產(chǎn)生的影響已經(jīng)足夠深遠(yuǎn)，以致有人已經(jīng)預(yù)見(jiàn)到了橄欖球的消亡，或者說(shuō)接近消亡，比如說(shuō)馬爾科姆·格拉德維爾。

By and large， basketball has seen all this from afar and breathed a sigh of relief. Studies have shown many sports have profound issues to wrestle with here， but basketball has not made the list.

總體上說(shuō)，籃球很早就預(yù)見(jiàn)到了這一點(diǎn)，并從中脫身。研究表明，很多運(yùn)動(dòng)都會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的腦震蕩問(wèn)題，但是籃球并沒(méi)有上榜。

Even so， the league has been proactive， having contracted with respected University of Michigan neurologist Dr. Jeffrey Kutcher， who has served as a sports concussion expert in testimony before Congress as well as in various roles at the American Academy of Neurology， Michigan NeuroSport and at the NFL. Kutcher is leading the implementation of new head injury protocols to keep players safer-- by increasing the likelihood head injuries are detected and treated， and to keep concussed players from taking the floor.

即便如此，聯(lián)盟對(duì)此依舊相當(dāng)積極謹(jǐn)慎，他們和廣受贊譽(yù)的密歇根大學(xué)神經(jīng)學(xué)家杰弗里·庫(kù)徹博士簽訂合約，后者曾經(jīng)作為體育腦震蕩方面的專家在美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)作證，同時(shí)在美國(guó)神經(jīng)學(xué)院、密歇根體育神經(jīng)中心以及美國(guó)橄欖球聯(lián)賽中擔(dān)任多項(xiàng)職務(wù)。庫(kù)徹作為帶頭人，目前正在制訂新的頭部受傷規(guī)定——通過(guò)增加檢查和治療措施，以及讓出現(xiàn)腦震蕩的球員得以休息的方法，讓球員處于更安全的環(huán)境下。

The more experts learn about blows to the head， the more they learn how hard it is to classify any as without long-term health implications.

當(dāng)專家們對(duì)頭部受沖擊了解得越多，他們就越明白，如果沒(méi)有長(zhǎng)期觀察，很難對(duì)腦震蕩進(jìn)行明確劃分。

NBA players， says Kutcher， "are not taking the repetitive hits like they are in football or in hockey， but they do get hit， quite a bit. They may be mild bumps， those kinds of things， but certain brains are susceptible to trauma more than others and to be able to monitor brain health over the course of the season and a career is something that we have to do regardless of the level of impact."

庫(kù)徹表示，NBA球員“不像橄欖球和冰球運(yùn)動(dòng)員那樣持續(xù)受到撞擊，但他們也會(huì)時(shí)常面對(duì)沖撞。這些沖撞也許只是輕微一碰，但有些人的大腦會(huì)更容易受到損害。無(wú)論撞擊程度多嚴(yán)重，我們?cè)撛谡麄€(gè)賽季或球員的職業(yè)生涯中都關(guān)注他們的大腦健康”。

Watch NBA basketball， and its only a matter of time before you see someone take a hard blow to the head. Pau Gasol and Anthony Davis have suffered high-profile concussions this season， but they represent a tiny fraction of the instances when heads are rattled by hitting elbows， knees or the floor. Even more common are whacks to the face， temple， top of the head and back of the head on what are usually considered "good， clean basketball plays." In basketball， blows to the head are nothing like as common as in football， but they are a regular part of play nonetheless.

如果看NBA比賽，看到某人頭部受到重?fù)糁皇莻€(gè)時(shí)間問(wèn)題。本賽季保羅·加索爾和安東尼·戴維斯都遭受過(guò)重度腦震蕩，但他們只能代表頭部被手肘、膝蓋和地板撞擊這一小部分。更常見(jiàn)的是臉部、太陽(yáng)穴、頭頂和后腦被打，而這些通常都被認(rèn)為是“好的干凈的打法”。在籃球里，盡管頭部受到?jīng)_擊不像橄欖球那么頻繁，但它也是比賽中常見(jiàn)的一部分。

Some of those that look mild can have serious effects. The human brain might be the most sensitive and precise instrument in the history of the planet； hitting it on the hardwood is analogous to swinging a hammer at a Ferrari engine. Might do nothing， might have a dreadful effect. And its hard to know； sometimes a small shot is all it takes.

有些看起來(lái)很輕微的動(dòng)作也會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的后果。人的大腦也許是地球歷史上最敏感、最精確的構(gòu)造。頭撞在籃球場(chǎng)上，可以和拿錘子砸法拉利車的引擎相提并論。也許不會(huì)有任何損傷，也許會(huì)產(chǎn)生致命的打擊。而且你很難確定，有時(shí)候一個(gè)小小的動(dòng)作就會(huì)產(chǎn)生最嚴(yán)重的后果。

Even soccer headers are under scrutiny now. There is no way to say， with any medical certainty， “that was nothing” about any shot to the head. Telling one from the other is almost impossible for anyone but a neurologist with millions of dollars in diagnostic tools and lots of time.

現(xiàn)在連足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員的大腦已被嚴(yán)密關(guān)注。關(guān)于大腦受沖擊的問(wèn)題，醫(yī)學(xué)上還不能確切地說(shuō)：“對(duì)頭部的撞擊都不是大問(wèn)題”。只有神經(jīng)學(xué)家使用上百萬(wàn)美元的診療器械和大量時(shí)間后，才能確定不同撞擊造成的不同傷害，而普通人幾乎是無(wú)法做到的。

In the concussions-focused documentary"Head Games，" Douglas Smith， a neuroscientist from the University of Pennsylvania， cautions that “15 or so percent of people with a single concussion have persisting cognitive dysfunction， meaning they dont go back to school or to work or just carry on life the way they had it. They have long-term， persisting problems after one concussion.”

腦震蕩紀(jì)錄片“大腦游戲”中，來(lái)自賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)的神經(jīng)學(xué)專家道格拉斯·史密斯注意到，有15%左右經(jīng)歷過(guò)一次腦震蕩的人會(huì)出現(xiàn)持續(xù)的認(rèn)知障礙，這意味著他們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)、工作甚至生活上都會(huì)與過(guò)去發(fā)生改變。出現(xiàn)腦震蕩后，他們會(huì)面臨長(zhǎng)期、持續(xù)的問(wèn)題。

In a presentation at the University of Michigan， Kutcher says skipping the proper care is a mistake： “The biggest risk is their injury is going to be a lot more complicated. ... Instead of a seven-day concussion， its going to be a seven-week concussion. Instead of two weeks， its going to be six months.”

在密歇根大學(xué)的一次演講中，他認(rèn)為跳過(guò)必要的治療是錯(cuò)誤的做法?！白畲蟮娘L(fēng)險(xiǎn)在于，他們的傷病會(huì)變得更復(fù)雜……原本7天的腦震蕩，會(huì)演變成7周。而兩周的，也許會(huì)變成6個(gè)月。”

Gerald Wallace earned the nickname Crash for his willingness to throw his body into the fray. It was an honorific， but by 2008， Wallace， then with the Bobcats， had suffered four concussions in four seasons， the latest coming from a Mikki Moore elbow that left Wallace unmoving， lying flat on the hardwood.

因?yàn)椴缓ε律眢w接觸，杰拉德·華萊士得到了“Crash”的綽號(hào)，這當(dāng)然值得尊敬。但是截止到2008年，那時(shí)還在山貓的華萊士在四個(gè)賽季里出現(xiàn)了四次腦震蕩。最近的一次來(lái)自于米基·摩爾的肘擊，這導(dǎo)致華萊士無(wú)法動(dòng)彈，平躺在球場(chǎng)上。

This was before the NBAs concussion program was in place. The Bobcats trainer at the time， Joe Sharpe， had so few tools at his disposal to deal with Wallaces condition that he sought counsel from the NFL. "I talked to the Panthers② medical staff and asked them to maybe help me out in this situation，" said Sharpe in a report from The Associated Press.

這事發(fā)生在NBA腦震蕩計(jì)劃出臺(tái)前。山貓那時(shí)的訓(xùn)練師喬·夏普找不到合適的辦法，所以他轉(zhuǎn)向咨詢NFL。“我和黑豹的醫(yī)療組進(jìn)行了交流，請(qǐng)他們幫我處理這種情況?！毕钠赵诿缆?lián)社的一篇報(bào)道中這樣說(shuō)道。

"Im not saying were behind the ball， because this is very new to basketball，" said Sharpe at the time， and he was right. Until recently， few people considered concussions to be a basketball issue. From the leagues perspective， that has all changed.

“我并不是說(shuō)我們落后了，只是因?yàn)閷?duì)于籃球來(lái)說(shuō)，這是個(gè)全新的領(lǐng)域?！毕钠毡硎?。他說(shuō)的沒(méi)錯(cuò)。直到最近也很少有人把腦震蕩視為籃球的問(wèn)題，但是從聯(lián)盟的角度，一切都不一樣了。

Today， the experience of Wallace and Sharpe would have been much different. Before the 2011-12 season， the NBA contracted Kutcher to design and implement a cutting-edge concussion protocol. Every concussion case is diagnosed by the team medical staff and then reviewed by Kutcher. Though he does not have the final say in whether a player is cleared to play -- that is still the purview of the team physician -- Kutcher does act as a league-wide quality control in concussion diagnosis.

放到今天，華萊士和夏普的經(jīng)歷會(huì)大大不同。2011-12賽季前，NBA請(qǐng)庫(kù)徹制定并實(shí)施了最尖端的腦震蕩規(guī)定。每一次腦震蕩都會(huì)由球隊(duì)醫(yī)療組診斷，同時(shí)還會(huì)得到庫(kù)徹的復(fù)查。盡管庫(kù)徹在是否允許球員上場(chǎng)的問(wèn)題上沒(méi)有決定權(quán)——這個(gè)權(quán)利仍然屬于隊(duì)醫(yī)，但是庫(kù)徹已經(jīng)成為聯(lián)盟在腦震蕩診斷上的把關(guān)人物。

Kutcher installed a three-part diagnosis and treatment procedure. In the preseason， players fill out a form designed to show aspects of typical cognitive functioning， as well as a personal and family history of brain trauma. Kutcher says this helps “understand how [the players] brain may or may not be set up to produce symptoms when its injured.”

庫(kù)徹制定了一份三步診斷和治療程序。賽季開始前，球員會(huì)接受一系列測(cè)驗(yàn)認(rèn)知功能的檢查，同時(shí)還要提交個(gè)人和家庭腦外傷的病史。庫(kù)徹表示，這有助于“了解球員受傷時(shí)，他們的大腦可能或不可能出現(xiàn)的癥狀”。

Players also undergo tests with the Axon Sports neurocognitive tool to measure things like reaction time， memory and distractability. To understand the impact of a blow to the head， it helps to first understand a players normal brain functioning.

球員還要接受艾克森體育神經(jīng)認(rèn)知器的檢查，以測(cè)量諸如反應(yīng)時(shí)間、記憶和注意力。想了解大腦受到?jīng)_擊時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的影響，首先要了解球員大腦正常的運(yùn)作的情況。

During games， all NBA trainers have a second form， essentially a checklist， to help decipher when to pull a player. For many years， being "knocked out" -- a total loss of consciousness -- has been the rule of thumb for telling who is concussed. We now know concussions come in many more varieties. This test is designed to help team trainers determine whether a blow to the head requires a player to come out of the game.

在比賽中，所有NBA訓(xùn)練師都會(huì)有一份清單，這能幫他們確定何時(shí)該把球員換下場(chǎng)。在過(guò)去很多年力，“被擊昏”——完全喪失神智——是判斷球員是否腦震蕩的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。而現(xiàn)在我們知道了，腦震蕩會(huì)有多種多樣的形式，這套測(cè)試就是被設(shè)計(jì)用來(lái)幫助訓(xùn)練師確定，當(dāng)球員頭部受到撞擊時(shí)，他們是否要退出比賽。

The team staff goes into action， Kutcher says， any time theres a blow to the head： "Its not come see me in my clinic and Im going to give you a diagnosis and fill out a form and send you on your way， come back and see me in a month. Its I saw a big hit， Im now going to evaluate you. If you pass everything， Im not going to turn my back on you and let you play then check in in a week. Im going to watch you every series， Im going to watch you up and down the court， Im going to watch you at halftime， Im going to talk to you after the game. Its a continued process and a concussion sort of requires that approach， which speaks to how different management is in the upper levels of sports when you have the resources to do that."

庫(kù)徹表示，當(dāng)球員頭部受到撞擊后，隊(duì)醫(yī)就會(huì)開始定性?！斑@不意味著到我的診所來(lái)，我給你開個(gè)診斷，填個(gè)表格，然后送你回去，讓你一個(gè)月后再來(lái)找我。而是，我看到你受到了很大的撞擊，我會(huì)評(píng)估你的狀況。如果你通過(guò)了所有測(cè)試，我也不會(huì)放棄。讓你繼續(xù)打球，一周后再來(lái)復(fù)查。我會(huì)觀察你，我會(huì)觀察你在場(chǎng)上場(chǎng)下的行動(dòng)，在中場(chǎng)休息時(shí)觀察，會(huì)在比賽結(jié)束后找你談話。這是一個(gè)持續(xù)的過(guò)程，針對(duì)腦震蕩需要這樣的處理方法。這同樣證明，當(dāng)你擁有足夠的資源時(shí)，高層面對(duì)相同的情況就會(huì)有不同的管理方式?！?/p>

Also new in the NBA is that once diagnosed with a concussion， NBA players must pass through the leagues “return to play” protocol， a more involved series of tests.

對(duì)于NBA來(lái)說(shuō)，同樣全新的在于，一旦球員被診斷為腦震蕩，他們必須通過(guò)聯(lián)盟“回歸球場(chǎng)”的測(cè)驗(yàn)，這是一套更為復(fù)雜的測(cè)試。

“Since they have no diagnostic， objective test for concussion，” Kutcher says， “were basically challenging the brain once it is essentially not producing symptoms at rest -- how can that brain handle first straight-up physical exertion， then more interval training， then agility and so on and so forth， tracking the brain at each level to make sure the injury is over.”

“一直以來(lái)，對(duì)于腦震蕩，他們?nèi)鄙僭\斷和客觀的測(cè)試，”庫(kù)徹說(shuō)，“而我們所做的是，在大腦處于休息不發(fā)生任何波動(dòng)時(shí)，對(duì)它進(jìn)行刺激——以觀察大腦怎么樣應(yīng)對(duì)第一次出現(xiàn)的物理刺激。然后才是有間隔性的訓(xùn)練，敏捷性訓(xùn)練和繼續(xù)深入的檢查，以及跟蹤大腦在每個(gè)階段的反應(yīng)，從而確定球員的傷病已經(jīng)恢復(fù)?！?/p>

Like most injuries， the brain will not heal without rest. But resting the brain is not as simple as resting， say， an ankle by donning an immobilizing boot. Even watching TV could tax an injured head and extend a brain injurys duration. Kutchers protocol is designed to ensure players get the rest they need to recover， and is a key reason players like Anthony Davis and Pau Gasol have been kept from competition.

和大多數(shù)傷病一樣，不經(jīng)過(guò)休息，大腦是無(wú)法恢復(fù)的。但是讓大腦休息和穿上固定保護(hù)靴休養(yǎng)腳踝是兩回事。連看電視都會(huì)加重大腦的損害，從而延長(zhǎng)腦的修復(fù)時(shí)間。庫(kù)徹的規(guī)定在于保證球員得到康復(fù)時(shí)間，這也是像安東尼·戴維斯和保羅·加索爾這樣的球員不允許上場(chǎng)的關(guān)鍵原因。

NBA medical staffs do incredible work to not only treat injuries but also to keep players from breaking down during the grinding 82-game season. But， as Kutcher says， treating concussions “requires knowledge of how to examine the brain of a living person， first and foremost， and that is not something that in general is taught in the sports medicine curricula either at the athletic training level or the physician level.”

NBA的隊(duì)醫(yī)們?cè)谥委焸『捅ＷC球員在磨人的82場(chǎng)常規(guī)賽賽季中不至于垮掉做出了卓越貢獻(xiàn)，但是正如庫(kù)徹所說(shuō)，處理腦震蕩“需要知道如何檢查一個(gè)活人的大腦，這是第一要做的，也是最重要的，這不是體育醫(yī)學(xué)、運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練或者物理治療?！?/p>

Kutcher says NBA physicians and trainers have been happy to have him as a resource when it comes to brain injuries. The NBA distributes educational videos to trainers and physicians， and Kutcher consults with team medical staffs at their twice-yearly league-wide meetings.

庫(kù)徹說(shuō)，NBA的隊(duì)醫(yī)和訓(xùn)練師們?cè)谔幚砟X部傷病時(shí)，會(huì)很樂(lè)意看到有他這樣的專家。NBA給訓(xùn)練師和隊(duì)醫(yī)分發(fā)了教學(xué)錄像，而且?guī)鞆剡€會(huì)在每年兩次的聯(lián)盟大會(huì)上為球隊(duì)醫(yī)療組培訓(xùn)。

The flip side of Kutchers point is that， at a typical NBA game， there are trainers and physicians on hand with decades of know-how looking after injured knees and shoulders and the like. But the neurological knowledge doesnt run anything like as deep.

相對(duì)于庫(kù)徹的這些看法，在典型的NBA比賽中，隊(duì)醫(yī)和訓(xùn)練師有著長(zhǎng)年累月處理膝蓋、肩膀或其他部分傷勢(shì)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。但是對(duì)神經(jīng)學(xué)的知識(shí)，他們的了解就不夠深入了。

Further complicating things is that a lot of the most valuable insight comes from players themselves reporting symptoms. But concussed players often do a poor job， because of the concussion， even identifying whats abnormal. In addition athletes are under tremendous pressure -- from the coaching staff， from themselves， from economic incentives --to under-report symptoms and play through injuries of all kinds.

更復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題在于，大多數(shù)有價(jià)值的觀察其實(shí)來(lái)自于球員本人提供的病癥。但出現(xiàn)腦震蕩的球員通常在這方面做得都不好，由于出現(xiàn)腦震蕩，連判斷是否異常都不容易。此外，球員還面臨多重壓力——從教練組，到他們自己，再到經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的考慮——這都會(huì)導(dǎo)致他們不愿匯報(bào)自己的病情，而愿意帶傷打球。

Watch this video of Doc Rivers， in the 2009 playoffs， urging a clearly woozy Glen Davis to sprint back on defense after being dropped by a Dwight Howard elbow. Or listen to Hornets coach Monty Williams -- who says he received about four concussions as a player-- say the NBAs concussion policy seeks to“treat everybody like they have white gloves and pink drawers” after his star rookie， Davis， was held out with a concussion.

看看道格·里弗斯的視頻，2009年季后賽，當(dāng)格倫·戴維斯被德懷特·霍華德肘擊后，里弗斯仍然催促已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)明顯昏厥癥狀的戴維斯回去防守。或者聽聽黃蜂主教練蒙蒂·威廉姆斯的說(shuō)法——他說(shuō)自己球員時(shí)代經(jīng)歷過(guò)的四次腦震蕩——在他的明星新秀戴維斯由于腦震蕩而缺席時(shí)，他說(shuō)聯(lián)盟的腦震蕩政策是在“用對(duì)待小孩子的辦法對(duì)待每個(gè)人”。

Former player Paul Grant， who says he suffered a few concussions in his short NBA career， says he did not report his symptoms because “you dont make the team in the training room.”

前NBA球員保羅·格蘭特說(shuō)，在他短暫的職業(yè)生涯中，他經(jīng)歷過(guò)幾次腦震蕩，他說(shuō)他沒(méi)有匯報(bào)病情，因?yàn)椤霸谟?xùn)練室里的人是無(wú)法得到上場(chǎng)機(jī)會(huì)的”。

“You got to play，” Grant says. “You got to get on the court. You got to do whatever you can to get on the court.”

“你必須比賽?！备裉m特說(shuō)，“你必須上場(chǎng)，你必須盡一切努力上場(chǎng)?！?/p>

Kutcher says “the policies need to reflect the fact that its a team effort to diagnose concussions and look out for injuries， because the injured athletes oftentimes dont know theyre injured.”

庫(kù)徹表示，“政策必須反映這樣的事實(shí)，診斷和治療腦震蕩必須依靠球隊(duì)的努力，因?yàn)槭軅那騿T很多時(shí)候并不知道自己受傷了”。

Kutcher also warns that yanking players every time they get hit in the head can encourage players to hide symptoms.

庫(kù)徹同時(shí)警告，如果球員頭部受到撞擊就被教練換下場(chǎng)的話，這會(huì)促使球員隱瞞傷情。

What is a trainer to do？ Many players dont want to be pulled from games and have incentive to under-report symptoms. Many coaches see concussion protocols as an imposition. Even the NBAs own expert calls the sideline test an imperfect tool.

訓(xùn)練師該怎么做呢？很多球員不想被替換下場(chǎng)，他們有動(dòng)力去隱瞞自己的病情。很多教練則把腦震蕩規(guī)定當(dāng)作桎梏，連NBA專家都稱場(chǎng)邊的測(cè)試存在缺陷。

Its Dec. 17， and Tim Duncan is sitting on the floor with his head down， having just been leveled by a Kendrick Perkins elbow to the jaw. Nine players continue around the fallen forward， and somehow the Thunder miss. The Spurs take off the other way. Duncan staggers to his feet， grips his knees and stares intently at the floor.

12月17日，蒂姆·鄧肯低頭坐在地板上，他剛剛被肯特里克·帕金斯的肘子打中了下巴。其他9名球員在鄧肯的身邊繼續(xù)比賽，雷霆投丟了，然后馬刺把球推進(jìn)到了場(chǎng)地另一邊。鄧肯搖搖晃晃站起來(lái)，抓住自己的膝蓋，死死地盯著地板。

Duncan would rejoin the action when it returned to the Thunder end of the court -- but his game lacks zip. When the Thunder insert the overactive Nick Collison， Duncan loses him repeatedly. In a matter of minutes， the Thunder build a game-deciding lead and Duncan is pulled from the game， not to return.

當(dāng)球再次回到雷霆半場(chǎng)時(shí)，鄧肯回到了比賽中，但他的比賽節(jié)奏明顯慢了。當(dāng)雷霆換上充滿活力的尼克·科林斯后，鄧肯在防守端徹底迷失。幾分鐘后，雷霆確立了鎖定勝局的優(yōu)勢(shì)，而鄧肯也被換下場(chǎng)，再也沒(méi)有上場(chǎng)。

A mere four seconds after Duncan sits， there is another hard blow to the head. Thunder star Russell Westbrook drives the middle and elevates higher than almost anyone else can ... but loses his balance at the peak of his jump with help from Duncans replacement， DeJuan Blair. Westbrook falls from the sky， smacking first his wrist and then his cheek on the hardwood.

鄧肯坐下后四秒左右，場(chǎng)上又出現(xiàn)了一次頭部受到重大沖擊的情形。拉塞爾·韋斯布魯克突破到中線，然后他高高躍起，跳得比任何人都高……但他在跳到最高面對(duì)鄧肯的替補(bǔ)德胡安·布萊爾時(shí)失去了平衡。韋斯布魯克摔倒在地，他先是手腕著地，隨后臉頰著地。

These plays are more common that you might imagine. In New York that night， Tyson Chandler was called for a flagrant foul for hitting Jeremy Lin in the head while， in Orlando， a Kevin Love elbow to the face felled Glen Davis.

這些情形比你想象的更為常見(jiàn)。同一天晚上在紐約，泰森·錢德勒由于肘擊林書豪的頭部而吃到惡意犯規(guī)。在奧蘭多，凱文·勒夫的肘子打中了格倫·戴維斯的臉。

For decades， NBA players have been chided for not playing when they might be able to fight through injury， and phrases that make head injuries sound almost fun， such as “he got his bell rung，” pepper the basketball lexicon.

幾十年來(lái)，由于有傷而不能打球，NBA球員受到了不少責(zé)難，而且很多說(shuō)法讓頭部受傷聽起來(lái)變得滑稽，比如“他給自己搖鈴”，籃球詞典也因此變得更加豐富。

The reality is that now we know even minor blows can contribute to real medical problems. Sometimes its indecent to play on.

現(xiàn)實(shí)是，我們知道，即便是微小的撞擊也會(huì)造成醫(yī)學(xué)問(wèn)題，有時(shí)候帶傷打球并不明智。

There have been big improvements； no NBA trainer will need to call the NFL to find out what to do about a concussion. But there are still many blows to the head in the NBA， and little experience in neurological diagnoses on site.

當(dāng)然，這里也出現(xiàn)了很明顯的進(jìn)步。NBA的訓(xùn)練師不必再向NFL的人咨詢?nèi)绾翁幚砟X震蕩，但是NBA仍有不少球員頭部受到撞擊，而聯(lián)盟缺乏神經(jīng)學(xué)方面的診斷經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

Future science may allow for immediate， accurate testing on the sideline. Player movement tracking could one day alert trainers when a players head rapidly changes directions in a way suggestive of concussive impact. Or perhaps one day sports neurologists will be mainstays on sidelines， ready to combine an NBA trainers powers of observation and real-time diagnosis with a specialists knowledge.

未來(lái)科學(xué)的發(fā)展可能會(huì)讓場(chǎng)邊的檢查變得更快速和準(zhǔn)確。總有一天，對(duì)球員的跟蹤會(huì)提醒訓(xùn)練師，當(dāng)一名球員的頭部反應(yīng)的劇烈變化預(yù)示著腦震蕩的出現(xiàn)。也許有一天，體育神經(jīng)學(xué)家會(huì)成為球隊(duì)的重要組成，做好準(zhǔn)備將NBA訓(xùn)練師的觀察能力、即時(shí)診斷能力和專業(yè)知識(shí)結(jié)合在一起。

Until then， theres no substitute for caution.

但在那前，沒(méi)有什么比謹(jǐn)慎更重要。