YAN Cai-xia

(College of Economics and Management，Sichuan Agricultural University，Chengdu 611130，China)

The new target of higher education reform in China in new period is to undertake some underpinning reconstruction toward an employment-oriented， venture-oriented， market-oriented and social need oriented sustainable development system.Economics and management specialty are the main growth points for enrollment and benefits of many types of domestic situations in current and longer period(Deng，2010).However，it has been a common phenomenon that the practice teaching is weak in these majors(Lei，2008)，and constructs an effective system of practice teaching to be major problems with advanced(Tao，2009).Recently，in response to this challenge，domestic colleges and universities have explored.After several years of exploration and summary，we have created the flexible“virtuality-and-actuality combing”as a practice teaching system with forestry characteristics for economics and management majors in universities(Fig.1).

1.The Connotation of Flexible“Virtuality-and-Actuality Combing”Practice Teaching System

The design idea of the flexible“virtuality-and-actuality combing”practice teaching system is according with the economics and management specialty are characterized with a high demand for practice，application-oriented and commercial creativity，constructs throughout the four years of College，each year a different emphasis，level-division，flexible，the effective combination of school virtual experiments and extracurricular practice both in-and-outside school.This practice teaching system is composed of four function module level and two supporting system，it’s basic characteristics of hierarchical flexible，open，level-division.The four levels include the subject of basic experiment，special comprehensive experiment，multidisciplinary comprehensive practice and innovation and pioneering practice.Two supporting system refers to“School virtual experiments and off-campus extracurricular”.

“The flexibilty”means these this practice teaching system takes the social demand the direction;takes the student as the center;adjust and improve the content of practice teaching system according to the change of social needs and the students of interest;guide the students according to their own interests and hobbies，professional expertise and future careers，entrepreneurship，to choose different combination of modules for himself;guide them to expand their own ways to obtain knowledge and improve their skills of the channel.The“flexible”achieve from function module based on level-division，Module layer refers to the four function modules，achieve different goals according to different goal levels function.

Fig.1 Practice Teaching System in College of Economics and Management

“The combination of virtuality and reality”means the inschool experiments with“virtuality”，that is，using the computer simulation or Virtual Lab for students to practice skills;extracurricular practice with“reality”，that is to say，students go to the appropriate professional enterprises，institutions，financial institutions and government departments to do an actual work and an integrated internship，such that students administered by the agricultural university go to agriculture-related enterprises and institutions(Fig.1).The school experiments and extracurricular practice is a system that operated in the personnel training programs of economics and management majors.They are indispensable，complementing each other.The school experiments can make up the shortfall in extracurricular practice and vice versa.

2.The Significance of Flexible“Virtuality-and-Actuality Combing”Practice Teaching System

2.1.Integrate Theory with Better Practice

In the experiment practice，knowledge can be deepened;ability can be sharpened;and quality can be promoted.This practice teaching system causes the theory with practice to be actually closer，combined very well the theory knowledge and the virtual lab teaching with extracurricular practice.At the same time，they complement each other，and learn from each other in the school experiment and extracurricular practices.It not only allows students to use the now ledge of school learning into practice，so that they can apply their knowledge and implement the concept of lifelong learning，but also further enhances their knowledge and ability.

2.2.Achieving the Complementary Both in and Outside School

School virtual experiments and off-campus extracurricular practice with internships，are indispensable.The school experiments can make up the shortfall in extracurricular practice.At present，many enterprises and institutions in an increasingly competitive environment，in the need for confidentiality，are not willing to let the students of financial management major to contact the confidential job，which means that the virtual lab is sometimes more important than the practical.It should be noted that，although the virtual experiments in schools are useful，the opportunities of extracurricular practice are also valuable.

2.3.Raise the Innovation Talents in Colleges and Universities with Different Characteristics

The system can be tied to the financial services，comprehensive agriculture and forestry through social practice，graduate courses，and graduation practice and other modules.For example，as agricultural and forestry universities，the economics and management majors practice teaching system pay attention to learning economic management basic skills and knowledge，comprehend the academic characteristics of agriculture and forestry，strengthen the students’knowledge and competence in the agricultural and rural areas.This is trying to meet the needs of economics and management personnel for the local economic construction，and also an effort to develop agricultural and rural business management talents.As depicted in Fig.1，the practice teaching system integrates the internal and external resources in school，both on the lab of inside and outside，trains students in managing basic knowledge，basic skills and practical training.

3.The Creation of Platform of and Ensurence the Flexible“Virtuality-and-Actuality Combing”Practice Teaching System of Economics and Management

The creation of the flexible“virtuality-and-actuality combing”practice teaching system must also consider Multi-level，flexible，the effective combination of school virtual experiments and extracurricular practice both in-and-outside school.For example，the comprehensive university must manifest“the integrated development”;the finance and economics colleges and universities must manifest“the finance and economics superiority”;the technical university must manifest“the technical leadership”，and so on.Farming and forestry university must then manifest“the farming and forestry characteristic”(Jiang，2007).

3.1.Construct Platform and System of Economic and Management Experimental Practice Teaching

With computer technology，multimedia technology and networking technology as the core of the rapid development of modern information technology，economics and management specialty in colleges and universities has an irreplaceable role to play in the field of personnel training，and has a broad development prospect(Huang，2009).We used the computers simulation techniques to construct the experimental teaching system，and used innovative artificial scenarios to get the form of innovated practice teaching.In recent years，the colleges through the practice of simulated auction，simulated business negotiations have not only made the form of practice teaching in innovated schools，but also have found the combination of professional education and quality education，the effect of which is significant.

3.2.Building Off-campus Practice Teaching System and Platform of Economics and Management

We constructed a practical teaching system which contains“teaching internship，graduation practice，and business practice”.We intensified the reform of practice teaching to training students＇innovating and practicing ability，and to training creative qualified personnel of economics and management.We enhanced the construction of training base and deepening the reformation of practice teaching.

3.3.Ensure the Management Security of the flexible“Combination of Virtuality and Reality”Practical Teaching System

In order to make the practice teaching system to be effective，we establish a set of practical teaching and administrative rules and operational mechanisms.Firstly，protection of personnel development:stably enhance the diversity and quality of practice teachers;secondly，enhancing the system protection:establish and improve the rules and regulations of practice teaching;thirdly，evaluating the system protection:establish and strengthen the scientific and effective assessment mechanism.Teachers are the leaders of education，and practice teaching teachers are the key to the practice teaching system implementation.The university has developed a series of rules and regulations to ensure the practice of teaching，such as a series of rules and regulations of experiments and the graduation project(thesis).Experimental plans，curricular，guide books and other basic teaching documents ensure that the work is done in an orderly manner.It is necessary to attach great importance to the evaluation of the effectiveness of practice teaching(Yan，2012).

4.Concluding Remarks

The practice teaching system of the flexible“virtualityand-actuality combing”can serve the needs of different types of colleges of economics and management specialty.Meanwhile，the system itself should keep pace with the development to make further amendments to the model.Therefore，universities should continue to update the concept of practice teaching，increase the teaching funds of professional practice，accelerate the training of teachers and enhance the exploration of practice teaching system of training undergraduate innovation and venture talents with scientific research institutes.

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(責(zé)任編輯 周江川)