英語(yǔ)中,反意疑問(wèn)句是一種常用于口語(yǔ)的疑問(wèn)句式。反意疑問(wèn)句是由陳述句和附在其后的附加疑問(wèn)句組成。其中附加疑問(wèn)句是對(duì)陳述句所說(shuō)的事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)提出疑問(wèn),起證實(shí)作用,一般用于證實(shí)說(shuō)話(huà)者所說(shuō)的事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)。反意疑問(wèn)句前后兩部分謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)是,“肯定陳述+否定疑問(wèn)”或“否定陳述+肯定疑問(wèn)”。
陳述句變反意疑問(wèn)句步驟如下:①確定助動(dòng)詞。②確定肯定還是否定。③確定人稱(chēng)代詞的主格。注意前后時(shí)態(tài),人稱(chēng)的一致性。例如:
Jim went go the Great Wall yesterday.
①確定助動(dòng)詞為did ②確定肯定還是否定:前肯后否not ③確定人稱(chēng)代詞的主格:Jim is a boy ,l因此主格為he
Jim went go the Great Wall yesterday, didn’t he?
下面談一談反意疑問(wèn)句的特殊情況:
(1)陳述部分是“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)的,疑問(wèn)部分用there省略主語(yǔ)代詞。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn’t there?
There will be any trouble, won’t there?
(2)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是I am,疑問(wèn)部分要用 aren’t I.
I’m a student,aren’t I?
(3)陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用肯定含義。
There is little water in the glass, is there?
(4)陳述部分有must 的疑問(wèn)句,疑問(wèn)部分根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。
He must be at home, isn’t he?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn’t he?
(5)主句謂語(yǔ)是think, believe, expect, suppose,imagine等引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,陳述部分含I think (believe,suppose…)that…結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),其反意疑問(wèn)句須與從句的主謂語(yǔ)保持一致,注意主句的主語(yǔ)必須是第一人稱(chēng)。如:
I don’t think you are wrong, are you?
I don’t think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can’t she?
(6)陳述部分主語(yǔ)是不定代詞everybody,anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)代詞they,有時(shí)也用單數(shù)he。
Everyoneknows the answer, don’t they? (doesn’t he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
(7)陳述部分主語(yǔ)是指物的不定代詞everything, anything , something, nothing 等,以及主語(yǔ)是this,that時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)用it,陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是these, those時(shí), 疑問(wèn)部分主語(yǔ)常用復(fù)數(shù)they.
Everything is ready for the meeting , isn’t it ?
Those are apples ,aren’t they ?
(8)省去主語(yǔ)的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句,疑問(wèn)部分用will you.
Don’t do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you/won’t you?
注意: Let’s開(kāi)頭的祈使句,后用shall we?
Let us開(kāi)頭的祈使句,后用will you?
Let’s go and listen to the music, shall we?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you?
(9)否定前綴不能視為否定詞,其反意疑問(wèn)句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible, isn’t it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
(10)陳述部分有would rather+v.,疑問(wèn)部分多用wouldn’t+主語(yǔ)。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn’t he?
(11)陳述部分有had better+v.疑問(wèn)句部分用hadn’t you?
You’d better read it by yourself, hadn’tyou?
(12)陳述部分有have to+v. (had to+v.),疑問(wèn)部分常用don’t+主語(yǔ)(didn’t+主語(yǔ))
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don’t we?
快速記憶表
陳述部分的謂語(yǔ) 疑問(wèn)部分
I------------- aren’tI
no, nothing, nobody, never ,
few, seldom, hardly, rarely,----- 肯定含義
little等否定含義的詞
have to +v.(had to +v.)------- don’t+主語(yǔ)(didn’t+主語(yǔ))
had better+v.--------------- hadn’tyou
would rather+v.------------ wouldn’t+主語(yǔ)
指示代詞或不定代詞
everything, that ,----------- 主語(yǔ)用it
nothing,this think, believe, expect , suppose, imagine等引導(dǎo)------與賓語(yǔ)從句相對(duì)應(yīng)的從句everybody, anyone ,somebody, nobody ,no one -----復(fù)數(shù)they,單數(shù)he
省去主語(yǔ)的祈使句----------- will you?
Let’s開(kāi)頭的祈使句--------Shall we?
Let us 開(kāi)頭的祈使句-------- Will you?
There be----------- 相應(yīng)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+there(省略主語(yǔ)代詞)
否定前綴不能視為否定詞------仍用否定形式
must表推測(cè)--------------根據(jù)其推測(cè)的情況來(lái)確定反意疑問(wèn)句