陳蕾 吳曉 洪超群 莊軼軒
[摘要] 目的 通過回顧性分析總結(jié)“三陰”型乳腺癌與非“三陰”型乳腺癌患者的臨床病理特征、生物學(xué)特點(diǎn)以及兩組E-鈣黏蛋白表達(dá)情況來探討其表達(dá)與乳腺癌轉(zhuǎn)移及預(yù)后的相關(guān)性,以指導(dǎo)臨床對(duì)于預(yù)后的判斷。 方法 隨機(jī)抽取筆者所在醫(yī)院收治的經(jīng)病理組織學(xué)確診的乳腺癌患者病理組織113例,所有資料臨床數(shù)據(jù)可溯源,且隨訪完整。采用統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件對(duì)“三陰”型與“非三陰”型乳腺癌患者的臨床病理學(xué)特點(diǎn)、復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移、月經(jīng)狀況、E-鈣黏蛋白表達(dá)等方面進(jìn)行分析。 結(jié)果 “三陰”型與非三陰型乳腺癌患者相比,E-鈣黏蛋白表達(dá)無(wú)明顯統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。但E-鈣黏蛋白低表達(dá)者,生存曲線有下降趨勢(shì)。logistic回歸分析顯示E-鈣黏蛋白表達(dá)與腋窩淋巴結(jié)早期轉(zhuǎn)移、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移部位多少、絕經(jīng)狀態(tài)以及ER表達(dá)狀態(tài)差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);同時(shí)用COX風(fēng)險(xiǎn)模型多因素分析顯示,本組患者腋窩淋巴結(jié)數(shù)目、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移部位多少為三陰及非三陰性乳腺癌預(yù)后不良的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。Kaplan-Meier生存曲線顯示ER陽(yáng)性且E-鈣黏蛋白低表達(dá)的非三陰乳腺癌生存時(shí)間縮短,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 “三陰”型乳腺癌與非“三陰”型乳腺癌E-鈣黏蛋白表達(dá)低者預(yù)示生存時(shí)間縮短,同時(shí)E-鈣黏蛋白表達(dá)與ER表達(dá)呈負(fù)相關(guān)性 (P<0.05)。E-鈣黏蛋白表達(dá)對(duì)于乳腺癌預(yù)后具有指導(dǎo)性意義。
[關(guān)鍵詞] E-鈣黏蛋白;乳腺癌;三陰;非三陰
[中圖分類號(hào)] R446.8???[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A???[文章編號(hào)] 2095-0616(2012)15-26-03
Clinical significance of "three negative" and non- "three negative" breast carcinoma clinical features and E-cadherin protein expression
CHEN?Lei1??WU?Xiao2??HONG?Chaoqun2??ZHUANG?Yixuan2
1.Deparyment of Internal Medicine Oncology,Cancer Hospital Affiliated Shantou University Medicine College, Shantou 515031,China;2.Cancer Research Laboratory,Cancer Hospital Affiliated Shantou University Medicine College,Shantou 515031,China
[Abstract] Objective To explore the connection between E-cadherin's expression and breast cancer metastasis and prognosis,through retrograde analytic summary the clinical pathologic feature and biological feature of triple-negative breast cancer and non-triple-negative breast cancer,and the E-cadherin expression of the two groups,to guide clinical evaluation of prognosis. Methods 113 cases of breast cancer pathologic tissues in the author's hospital were randomly selected and had been diagnosed by histopathology.All the clinical datum had the origin and had get the full follow-up.Using analytic software to analyze the clinical pathologic feature regress and metastasis,menstruation,expression of E-cadherin of both TNBC and NTNBC. Results The E-candherin expression between the two groups had no significant difference.But the patients who had low express of E-cadherin,their survival curve on a downward trend.Logistic retrograde analysis showed that the expression of E-cadherin and armpit lymph node number,the number of long-term metastasis,menopause and ER expression condition had significant relation and there had analytic significance(P<0.05).At the same time,the COX risk model muti-factor analysis showed that:all above factors were the isolate risk factors for the poor-prognosis of both TNBC and NTNBC.Kaplan-Meier life curve showed that the NTNBC whose estrogen receptor was negative and had alow expression of E-cadherin had shorter life time.And the difference had analytic significance(P<0.05). Conclusion Both TNBC and NTNBC who have lower expression of E-cadherin mean that the shorten survival time,and the expression of E-cadherin has negative relation with the ER expression.
[Key words] Breast Cancer;E-cadherin;Ttriple-negative breast cancer;Non-triple-negative breast cancer
乳腺癌的復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移是死亡的主要原因,也是基礎(chǔ)和臨床研究的重點(diǎn)[1]。三陰型(TNBC)乳腺癌約占乳腺癌的15%左右,好發(fā)于40歲以下的婦女,預(yù)后極差,5年生存率不足15%。病
理學(xué)特征為導(dǎo)管癌,高組織學(xué)分級(jí),腫瘤侵襲性強(qiáng),易發(fā)生局部復(fù)發(fā)及遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移,內(nèi)分泌治療和曲妥珠單抗治療無(wú)效[2-4]。三陰型與非三陰型(non-TNBC)乳腺癌生物學(xué)行為的不同導(dǎo)致了兩者療效和預(yù)后的差異。本研究將通過聯(lián)合檢測(cè)三陰及非三陰乳腺癌組織標(biāo)本E-鈣黏蛋白(E-cadherin)的表達(dá),探討E-cadherin的表達(dá)與乳腺癌病理類型、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移情況、復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移發(fā)生的相關(guān)性,與ER、PR表達(dá)的相關(guān)性及與乳腺癌預(yù)后的相關(guān)性,從而為乳腺癌的個(gè)體化診斷與治療研究提供新的監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)。
1?資料與方法
1.1?一般資料
隨機(jī)選取2003年1月~2008年12月汕頭大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬腫瘤醫(yī)院既往隨訪3年以上乳腺癌患者病理組織標(biāo)本113例,且臨床資料及隨訪資料均完善。全組患者共113例,全部為女性乳腺癌,年齡最大88歲,最小30 歲,中位年齡51歲。病灶組織病理類型浸潤(rùn)性導(dǎo)管癌92例,占81.4%,浸潤(rùn)性小葉癌11例占9.7%,其他癌10例占8.8%。全組中三陰型乳腺癌31例,占27.4%,非三陰型乳腺癌82例,占72.6%。死亡或失訪52例占46%,生存61例占54%。隨訪率94.7%,失訪率5.3%。根據(jù)受體表達(dá)情況對(duì)這些資料進(jìn)行病理分型(三陰型與非三陰型),其中免疫組化Her2(+++)為陽(yáng)性,Her2(+)~(++)為陰性。應(yīng)用免疫組化的方法分別檢測(cè)這些乳腺癌石蠟包埋切片的E-cadherin蛋白表達(dá)情況,并分析E-cadherin的表達(dá)與乳腺癌早期轉(zhuǎn)移的相關(guān)性,同時(shí)分析E-cadherin與ER、PR之間是否相關(guān),探討E-cadherin的表達(dá)與乳腺癌的惡性生物學(xué)行為和預(yù)后的相關(guān)性。相關(guān)原始數(shù)據(jù)輸入SPSS18.0軟件建立臨床資料數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。見表1。
1.2?試劑
E-cadherin兔抗人多克隆抗體購(gòu)自Santa Cruz (sc-25742),Supervision二抗購(gòu)自上海長(zhǎng)島公司(D-3004),DAB購(gòu)自福州邁新公司。試劑批號(hào)201108。
1.3?實(shí)驗(yàn)方法
乳腺癌組織經(jīng)脫蠟入水后,按照二抗Supervision方法說明書進(jìn)行染色,切片經(jīng)檸檬酸緩沖液(pH=6.0)微波熱修復(fù)預(yù)處理。
1.4?結(jié)果判斷
E-cadherin以細(xì)胞膜表達(dá)明顯的黃色或棕黃色顆粒為陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞,根據(jù)本組結(jié)果實(shí)際觀察數(shù)據(jù),參考相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行判斷。定義為陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞表達(dá)≥80%即為E-cadherin正常表達(dá),陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞<80%則E-cadherin表達(dá)下調(diào)即為低表達(dá)[5]。E-cadherin低表達(dá)及E-cadherin正常表達(dá)見圖1~2。
1.5?統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
采用SPSS18.0軟件對(duì)全組數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,判斷E-cadherin表達(dá)及與臨床病理特征的關(guān)系,采用logistic回歸模型分析方法,并用生存分析Kaplan-Meier生存曲線對(duì)比,log rank檢驗(yàn)顯示E-cadherin表達(dá)與三陰型與非三陰型乳腺癌預(yù)后因素的相關(guān)性。
2?結(jié)果
2.1??E-cadherin的表達(dá)與臨床各個(gè)病理參數(shù)之間logistic回歸分析
E-cadherin的表達(dá)與臨床各個(gè)病理參數(shù)之間logistic回歸分析結(jié)果見表2。
2.2?用生存分析Kaplan-Meier生存曲線比較
E-cadherin的表達(dá)與三陰與非三陰型乳腺癌預(yù)后因素的相關(guān)性。E-cadherin表達(dá)與ER陽(yáng)性乳腺癌生存之間的差異見表3及圖3。
3?討論
E-鈣黏蛋白是鈣黏素家族的一員,其與細(xì)胞漿中的各種糖蛋白如連環(huán)素形成復(fù)合物,對(duì)細(xì)胞間的粘附起很重要的作用,
在生理?xiàng)l件下調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞與細(xì)胞之間、細(xì)胞與基質(zhì)之間的粘附反應(yīng),可以維持細(xì)胞極性和參與分化調(diào)節(jié),維持組織結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)和完整性。然而越來越多的研究表明,在病理?xiàng)l件下E-cadherin也參與腫瘤細(xì)胞的侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移過程,且與腫瘤的預(yù)后密切相關(guān)。研究還顯示,乳腺癌中ERα信號(hào)途徑與 E-cadherin的關(guān)系密切,可能對(duì)E-cadherin起調(diào)控作用。ERα下游基因可通過抑制snail抑制E-cadherin的表達(dá)。其他研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)許多癌組織中均出現(xiàn)E-cadherin的表達(dá)缺失或基因突變,E-cadherin表達(dá)降低可引起細(xì)胞與細(xì)胞之間粘附破壞,E-cadherin的過表達(dá)可引起細(xì)胞粘附性增加,如用單克隆抗體對(duì)E-cadherin受體進(jìn)行封閉,則能導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞的分離和表型改變。同時(shí)E-cadherin介導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞內(nèi)粘附功能的喪失與腫瘤發(fā)生有關(guān),如失去接觸抑制功能,可使細(xì)胞無(wú)限度地分裂增殖,也使癌細(xì)胞易于脫離原發(fā)部位而向遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移。一般來說,在分化較好的癌組織多表達(dá)E-cadherin,侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移也少;而分化較差的癌組織則相反,傾向于侵襲和遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移。多種人上皮來源的腫瘤中有E-cadherin功能喪失如乳腺小葉癌、彌漫型胃癌、結(jié)直腸癌、前列腺癌、肝癌、食管癌、皮膚癌、腎癌和肺癌[6-8]。
基礎(chǔ)及臨床研究表明,乳腺癌是一種高度異質(zhì)性腫瘤,在西歐、北美等發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)乳腺癌發(fā)病率居女性癌瘤首位。近年來我國(guó)不論沿海發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)還是城鄉(xiāng)較落后地區(qū)乳腺癌發(fā)病率均呈快速上升趨勢(shì),甚至于超過西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家水平。而復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移性乳腺癌既是臨床治療的難點(diǎn),也是引起乳腺癌死亡的主要原因。因此研究乳腺癌生物標(biāo)志物,并通過與臨床病理參數(shù)結(jié)合,驗(yàn)證影響不同病理類型乳腺癌預(yù)后因素的生物標(biāo)志物具有重要的臨床價(jià)值。
筆者通過聯(lián)合檢測(cè)三陰及非三陰性乳腺癌組織標(biāo)本E-cadherin的表達(dá),發(fā)現(xiàn)“三陰”型乳腺癌與非三陰乳腺癌患者相比,盡管E-鈣黏蛋白表達(dá)無(wú)明顯統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,但是E-鈣黏蛋白低表達(dá)者,生存曲線表現(xiàn)呈下降趨勢(shì)。logsitic回歸分析分析顯示E-鈣黏蛋白表達(dá)與腋窩淋巴結(jié)早期轉(zhuǎn)移、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移部位的多少、絕經(jīng)狀態(tài)及ER表達(dá)顯著相關(guān),并有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);同時(shí)COX風(fēng)險(xiǎn)模型多因素分析顯示,本組患者腋窩淋巴結(jié)數(shù)目、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移部位為三陰及非三陰性乳腺癌預(yù)后不良的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。Kaplan-Meier對(duì)比三陰與非三陰型乳腺癌生存曲線,結(jié)果顯示在非三陰型乳腺癌中,E-鈣黏蛋白表達(dá)與ER表達(dá)呈負(fù)相關(guān),ER陽(yáng)性且E-鈣黏蛋白低表達(dá)者,生存時(shí)間明顯縮短(P=0.019<0.05),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
因此本研究結(jié)果認(rèn)為E-鈣黏蛋白與乳腺癌的預(yù)后顯著相關(guān),與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道相符合[9-10]。特別是對(duì)于ER陽(yáng)性,腋窩淋巴結(jié)早期轉(zhuǎn)移乳腺癌患者具有指導(dǎo)意義,可以作為生物標(biāo)志物進(jìn)行更深入的基礎(chǔ)及臨床轉(zhuǎn)化研究。
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(收稿日期:2012-07-16)