建筑設(shè)計(jì)：倫佐·皮亞諾建筑工作室

ARCHITECTS: Renzo Piano Building Workshop

1 鳥(niǎo)瞰/Aerial view（攝影/Photo: Michel Denance）

簡(jiǎn)介

自從規(guī)劃申請(qǐng)?zhí)峤涣酥?，我們已與倫敦卡姆登區(qū)的規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)官員和“英國(guó)遺產(chǎn)”組織共同合作舉辦了若干次設(shè)計(jì)工作室項(xiàng)目。通過(guò)這些工作室的舉辦，我們?cè)陧?xiàng)目的方案設(shè)計(jì)方面取得了很大的進(jìn)展，方案得到了加強(qiáng)和改善，并更成熟且完整地體現(xiàn)了那些我們?cè)缦忍岢龅脑O(shè)計(jì)原則。

我們非常感謝參與設(shè)計(jì)的相關(guān)人員能夠采取相當(dāng)合作與開(kāi)放的工作方法，這與我們的工作方式非常契合，使我們?cè)趫?chǎng)地條件十分困難和受限的情況下，依然能夠不斷地推動(dòng)達(dá)成最佳的設(shè)計(jì)方案。

在修訂設(shè)計(jì)方案的過(guò)程中，我們也試圖將先前申報(bào)的方案中已有所體現(xiàn)的各種原則以更清晰的方式呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)，如空間的通透感、體量的細(xì)碎化、步行穿越建筑的便利程度、光的質(zhì)感和場(chǎng)所的活力等。與此同時(shí)，我們也盡量不去破壞經(jīng)過(guò)深思熟慮之后，在各種空間與功能之間已經(jīng)取得的必要平衡。

加強(qiáng)體量的細(xì)化程度

建筑整體體量的細(xì)化程度得到了顯著的增強(qiáng)。為了使建筑體量達(dá)到更為細(xì)碎分割的效果，我們減小了某些部分的建筑高度和寬度，也改變了一些已經(jīng)確定了的平面角度，并在現(xiàn)有的冬季花園部分新引入了一些陽(yáng)臺(tái)要素，進(jìn)一步完善了這部分的設(shè)計(jì)。

在巴克納爾街一側(cè)，各部分建筑物的高度各不相同，這種高度的變化幫助形成了建筑物的體量感。這些沿街部分的立面與建筑背立面在形態(tài)上的重疊部分也有所減少，這使它們看起來(lái)好像是彼此獨(dú)立的要素，因此加強(qiáng)了建筑整體體量的細(xì)化程度。

對(duì)于各個(gè)組成部分的立面本身，其細(xì)部也經(jīng)過(guò)了更深入的推敲。我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了一種比先前更為精致和色彩鮮明的立面結(jié)構(gòu)，其中每一個(gè)構(gòu)成要素都能夠得到清晰的辨識(shí)，就好像鑲嵌在墻面中的一枚枚石塊；立面所選的材質(zhì)有不同的厚度，陶瓷片之間的節(jié)點(diǎn)尺寸也各不相同。

位于第9、10層樓及建筑背立面和冬季花園一側(cè)的玻璃幕墻立面都采用了連續(xù)統(tǒng)一的金屬框架，根據(jù)幕墻的不同位置配有不同尺度的遮陽(yáng)百葉窗，其目的是為了削弱玻璃盒子的印象，并使建筑物能滿(mǎn)足不同朝向?qū)φ陉?yáng)的要求。

增加空間的通透感

在底層或街道層，從地面至天花之間的凈高大約增加了1m的距離，這顯著地改善了貫穿整個(gè)建筑縱深的空間通透感，特別是在圣吉爾斯高街和巴克納爾街之間往返的方向上。建筑底層保持空間通透的概念在周邊地區(qū)尚屬新鮮事物，這里大部分建筑的底層都是封閉式的店面。尤其是巴克納爾街，目前看起來(lái)很不友好且密不透風(fēng)；而在圣吉爾斯高街，我們則可感受到迥然不同的活躍氣氛。白天，在建筑的內(nèi)部和周邊有各種現(xiàn)場(chǎng)活動(dòng)，而在夜間，這里則又回歸了平靜與通透的感覺(jué)。

我們?cè)诘讓恿⒚娴娜舾煽臻g后退處引入了一些小規(guī)模的入口花園，通過(guò)玻璃將它們與公共的人行天橋分開(kāi)。這些玻璃入口會(huì)在夜間關(guān)閉，由此既確保了店面一側(cè)立面的延續(xù)性，又能夠阻止任何形式的反社會(huì)行為。

增強(qiáng)步行穿越的便捷程度

我們?cè)诎涂思{爾街的東北角和庭院廣場(chǎng)之間引入了第5條穿越整個(gè)建筑平面的步行通道，這樣，使整個(gè)底層平面能夠最大程度地滿(mǎn)足人們對(duì)能夠步行穿越建筑平面的渴望。

我們還把王子馬戲團(tuán)廣場(chǎng)和庭院廣場(chǎng)之間的步道拓寬到至少3.6m，由此進(jìn)一步改善了對(duì)這條設(shè)計(jì)原則的體現(xiàn)；這些步行通道，加上所有附近立面空間的通透和敞開(kāi)，將會(huì)對(duì)路人發(fā)出真正的邀請(qǐng)，邀請(qǐng)他們走進(jìn)建筑內(nèi)部的庭院，在其中停留，或繼續(xù)步行穿過(guò)建筑的平面。

內(nèi)部庭院的環(huán)境

建筑的內(nèi)部庭院本身已通過(guò)樓上幾層的背立面設(shè)計(jì)得到了改善，通過(guò)這種方法，圍繞在庭院周邊的建筑高度得到了明顯的降低，也使中庭廣場(chǎng)獲得了更多采光。

庭院中的雨篷——“蜘蛛網(wǎng)”的尺度有所減小，它與更為低矮的連廊雨篷相結(jié)合，由此與餐廳的若干平臺(tái)形成了更直接的聯(lián)系——同時(shí)也會(huì)突出中庭明亮而輕松的特質(zhì)。

此外，廣場(chǎng)本身與那條由教堂墓園通往新牛津街的開(kāi)放步道之間的區(qū)別也變得更為明顯。由于廣場(chǎng)上方的蜘蛛網(wǎng)雨棚減小了尺寸，因此，它為點(diǎn)綴中庭廣場(chǎng)的楓樹(shù)和銀杏樹(shù)提供了更好的生長(zhǎng)空間。通往私人公寓住宅的入口現(xiàn)在變成了朝向內(nèi)部庭院的方向，由此加強(qiáng)了這里商住混合使用的空間特征。

結(jié)論

所有這些改善設(shè)計(jì)的手段，作為我們充分探討與思考的成果，都將使這座建筑物在空間和視覺(jué)上都更容易讓人接近，而這一精神也正是我們?cè)谖磥?lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)這座建筑物的過(guò)程中將繼續(xù)秉承和堅(jiān)持的原則。□（徐知蘭 譯）

Introduction

We have had a number of design workshops with Camden planning and design officers and English Heritage since the planning application was submitted. As a result of these workshops, we have proceeded in the design process, reinforcing and improving the scheme towards a more mature and finalised expression of the principles proposed.

We very much appreciate the collaborative and open approach adopted by those involved, which corresponds very much with our way of working,continuously progressing to come to the best scheme possible on this difficult and demanding site.

In undertaking revisions to the scheme, we have tried to implement with more clarity the principles of transparency, fragmentation, permeability,lightness and vibrancy, already present in the submitted scheme, without distorting the necessary,well contemplated, and duly obtained balance between the various occupations and functions.

Increased Fragmentation

The fragmentation of the building mass as a whole has been greatly improved. In order to achieve this greater fragmentation, we have reduced some of the facets in height and in width,we have altered the angles at which they are set and have introduced balconies to complement the already proposed wintergardens.

On Bucknall Street, the facets vary in height,which helps the composition of the mass. The facets themselves now show smaller overlaps in relation to the setback facades, making them appear as individual elements and so improving the fragmentation of the building as a whole.

The facet facades themselves have been studied in more detail. We are proposing a structure to the facade that is more filigrane and vibrant than was previously proposed, in which every constituent element is recognisable, like stones in a wall; with varying depths in the material, and varying sizes of the joints between the ceramic pieces.

The glass facades, on the 9th & 10th floors, and on the setback facades and wintergardens will have a continuous unitary metal framing, with sunshading louvres, which may vary in size in different situations, in order to reduce the glass-box effect,and allow the building to cope with the varying requirements for sunshading on different sides.

Increased Transparency

On the ground floor, or streetscape level, the floor to ceiling free height has been increased by approximately one metre, thus hugely improving the transparency through the whole depth of the building, especially from St. Giles High Street towards Bucknall Street and vice-versa. This concept of transparency on the ground floor is quite new to the surrounding area, mainly consisting of closed shopfronts. In particular, Bucknall Street,at the moment quite hostile looking and hermetic,and St. Giles High Street, will enjoy a very different and active atmosphere, defined by lively activities in and around the building in the daytime, and calm and reassuring transparency at night.

At various setbacks in the ground floor facade,small entrance gardens have been introduced,separated from the public highway pavement by glass screens. These screens will be closed at night,thus guaranteeing the continuity of the shopfront facade, and discouraging any type of antisocial behaviour.

Increased Permeability

A fifth passage through the scheme, between the northeastern end of Bucknall Street and the courtyard piazza has been introduced, maximising the desired permeability of the ground floor scheme.

A further improvement of this principle has been obtained by widening the passage between Princes Circus and the courtyard piazza to a minimum of 3.60 metres; with the transparency of all the adjacent facades these passages will truly invite passers by to enter and stay in or walk through the courtyard.

Courtyard Setting

The courtyard itself has been improved by the setback of the facades of the uppermost floors,thus reducing the apparent height of the building surrounding the courtyard and allowing more light into the piazza.

The courtyard canopy,Spider's Web, has been reduced in size, and combined with lower arcade canopies, more directly related to the terraces of the restaurants: this will enhance the light and airy character of the courtyard.

In addition, the distinction between the piazza itself and the open passage from the churchyard garden towards New Oxford Street has become clearer.The reduction of the higher spider’s web canopy provides better space for the Liquidamber and Gingko trees which will enrich the courtyard piazza.The entrance to the private residential apartments is now orientated towards the courtyard, thus enhancing the mixed use character of the place.

Conclusion

All these improvements, as a result of ample consultation and reflection, will help the building to be more accessible, physically and visually, and it is in this spirit that we will progress in the realisation of the building.□

業(yè)主/Client: Legal & General with Mitsubishi Estate Corporation, Stanhope PLC

合作者/Collaborator: Fletcher Priest Architects（London）

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: J.Moolhuijzen, M.van der Staay（partner and associate in charge），N.Mecattaf（associate）with L.Battaglia, S.Becchi, A.Belvedere,G.Carravieri, E.Chen, D.Colas, P.Colonna,W.Matthews, G.Mezzanotte, S.Mikou, Ph.Molter,Y.Pagès, M.Pare, L.Piazza, M.Reale, J.Rousseau,S.Singer Bayrle, R.Stampton and M.Aloisini,R.Biavati, M.Pierce, L.Voiland; O.Auber, C.Colson,Y.Kyrkos（models）

顧問(wèn)/Consultants: Ove Arup & Partners（結(jié)構(gòu)與設(shè)備/Structure and Services）；Davis Langdon（價(jià)格顧問(wèn)/Cost Consultant）; Bovis Lend Lease（前期結(jié)構(gòu)顧問(wèn)/Pre-construction Advice）; Emmer Pfenninger& Partners（立面/Facades）; P.Castiglioni /G.Bianchi（照明/Lighting）; Phippen Randall & Parkes（經(jīng)濟(jì)可承受的住宅裝修/Fit-out for Affordable Residential）;Charles Funke Associates（景觀/Landscaping）

2 草圖/Sketch

3 草圖/Sketch

4 總平面/General plan

5 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層平面/Typical floor plan

8 剖面/Section

9 剖面/Section

10 辦公室大堂立面/Office lobby elevation

11 立面局部/Detail of facade（11，13攝影/Photos: Van der staay Maurits；12攝影/Photos: Hufton & Crow Courtesy Leg and Mec）

12 立面局部/Detail of facade（11，13攝影/Photos: Van der staay Maurits；12攝影/Photos: Hufton & Crow Courtesy Leg and Mec）

13 立面局部/Detail of facade（11，13攝影/Photos: Van der staay Maurits；12攝影/Photos: Hufton & Crow Courtesy Leg and Mec）

14 全景/Panorama（攝影/Photo: Van der staay Maurits）