it可以說是英語中使用頻率很高的詞,也是同學們做單選題、改錯題,甚至閱讀、寫作時經(jīng)常犯錯的難點所在。it的用法究竟難在哪兒·
難點一:it,one和that的用法區(qū)別
我們都知道,it具有指代作用,可以指代前后文提到的人、物、事。與it同樣具有指代作用的還有one和that,它們與it的區(qū)別在于——
◆ it是特指,而one是泛指。
This dictionary is the one needed by every student of English, but I can’t afford it. (特指)
Every student of English needs a good dictionary, but I can not afford one.(泛指)
◆ it和that指代上文提到過的事物時,有時可以通用。但表示事物的對比時,如果對比的是同一個人或物在不同時間所處的狀態(tài),應該用it指代;如果對比的是兩個不同的人、事物或地點,應該用that指代。
You have saved my life. I shall never forget it/that. (指代上文提到的“救我”這件事,用it或that均可)
The weather in Beijing is warmer than that in Alaska. (句意為“北京的氣候比阿拉斯加溫暖”,是不同地方氣候的對比,用that指代)
Life is much easier than it used to be. (句意為“生活比過去容易多了”,是同一事物不同時間的狀態(tài)的比較,用it指代)
◆ 當that指代上文提到過的名詞時,后面可以跟介詞短語或句子作后置的修飾語,it則不可以。
Their problem is somewhat similar to that which they faced many years ago. (指代前文提到的“問題”且后跟一個定語從句,應該用that而非it)
Life today is much better than that in old days. (指代前文提到的“生活”且后跟一個介詞短語,應該用that而非it)
難點二:it領起的強調句與定語從句的區(qū)別
◆ 去掉It be... that/who(m) 這一表示強調的結構,剩下的部分可以構成一個完整無缺的句子,便是強調句;反之,則為定語從句。
It is ten years ________Miss Green returned to Canada.
A. that B. when C. since D. as
這道題應該選C,句意為“格林小姐回到加拿大已經(jīng)10年了”。如果把它當做強調句填入that,那么去掉It is... that的強調結構后只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada,不成為一個句子,所以這不是強調句。
難點三:與it有關的一些句型的時態(tài)選擇
除了強調句以外,我們還能接觸到不少與it有關的句型,它們中的一些在謂語動詞的時態(tài)選擇上讓不少同學感到頭疼。
◆ 句型It is/has been + 時間段 + since...
主句的時態(tài)可以用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時,從句的時態(tài)常用一般過去時,且謂語動詞是瞬間動詞。
It is five months since I arrived in New York. 我到紐約已經(jīng)5個月了。
It has been five months since I left New York. 我離開紐約已經(jīng)5個月了。
◆ 句型It was/will be + 時間段 + before...
主句的時態(tài)是一般將來時,從句的時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。
主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時,從句的時態(tài)用一般過去時。
It will be several years before we meet again. 過幾年我們才能再見面。
It was not long before they set out for the front. 他們不久就上前線了。
◆ 句型It/This is/was/will be the first/second time (that)...
主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時,從句的時態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時。
主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時,從句的時態(tài)用過去完成時。
主句的時態(tài)是一般將來時,從句的時態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時表示將來完成。
It is the first time that I have been here. 這是我第一次來這里。
This was the second time he had seen the film. 這是他第二次看這部電影。
It will be the first time that they have visited the West Lake. 這將是他們第一次游覽西湖。
【練一練】
1. To tell you the truth, the accident and the damage ________ resulted in frightened me so much that I almost gave up driving ever since.
A. whatB. oneC. itD. that
2. —He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.
—When was ________·
— was in 2000 when he was still in college.
A. that; ThisB. this; It C. it; ThisD. that; It
3. The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than ________ in the newspaper.
A. itB. thoseC. oneD. that
4. We have been looking at houses but haven’t found________we like yet.
A. oneB. onesC. itD. them
5. It has been two years _______ he ________ the army.
A. before; joinsB. that; joinsC. since; joinedD. when; joined
【參考答案】
1 C (it代替前文提到的“事故”,it resulted in是省略了引導詞that的定語從句,修飾damage)
2 D (第一空用that指代“書出版很暢銷”這件事;第二空是強調句型,完整的句子為It was in 2000 when he was still in college that he got his first book published)
3 D (指代前面提到的information,且后面有介詞短語in the newspaper,只能用that而不用it)
4 A (句意為“我們一直在找房子,但還沒找到喜愛的”。根據(jù)句意此處應是泛指且為單數(shù),所以選one)
5 C (句意為“他加入部隊已有兩年”。在It is/has been + 時間段 + since ...的句型中,主句是現(xiàn)在完成時,從句采用一般過去時)
Key to Why Can’t We Bear the Sound of Nails on a Blackboard: A
Key to Find Your Lonely Planet:Southeast Asia.