2011年高考英語北京卷的作文題考查了漫畫類書面表達(dá)。一般來說,這類文章在寫作時(shí)應(yīng)包含三個(gè)部分:
①描述圖片反映的現(xiàn)象;
②聯(lián)系實(shí)際,分析造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因和該現(xiàn)象造成的后果;
③發(fā)表自己的看法。
對(duì)于平時(shí)較少接觸這類作文的同學(xué)來說,準(zhǔn)確描述圖片會(huì)是一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。因?yàn)槁嬐嬅婧唵?、寓意深刻,只有讀懂畫面的基本信息,解讀出其隱含的深層含義,才能準(zhǔn)確地描述畫面并結(jié)合實(shí)際發(fā)表看法。但只要抓住下面兩個(gè)要點(diǎn),你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),畫面描述并不難。
解讀畫面:充分審視圖和文
要正確解讀畫面的含義必須充分審題。先來看下面這道作文題:
請(qǐng)仔細(xì)觀看右邊的漫畫,結(jié)合自己的實(shí)際生活,寫一篇關(guān)于“節(jié)能環(huán)保”的英語短文。要求:
(1) 簡要描述圖中的現(xiàn)象;
(2) 分析產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的原因(如:沒有良好的習(xí)慣等);
(3) 提出你的建議。
提示:圖中在睡覺的是小明,婦女是小明的媽媽。
圖中顯示的是小明睡著了,電視還開著,小明的媽媽責(zé)備他說:“說你多少遍了,總是忘關(guān)電視!”漫畫批評(píng)了小明有違“節(jié)能環(huán)?!崩砟畹男袨椋珜?dǎo)養(yǎng)成良好習(xí)慣,注意節(jié)約能源、低碳排放。
一些同學(xué)在文章中就“小明由于學(xué)業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)太重而睡著了”展開議論,這顯然是只看漫畫不看題目就匆匆下筆造成的。
還有的同學(xué)在文中寫道:“父母應(yīng)該以身作則,養(yǎng)成良好習(xí)慣”,這可能是只看到題目中的提示“沒有良好的習(xí)慣”,就認(rèn)為圖片反映的主題是家長教育失敗,沒讓孩子養(yǎng)成良好的習(xí)慣。
所以,充分審題的“題”不僅指漫畫,還包括文字說明,因?yàn)轭}目中的文字說明往往透露了與漫畫主題有關(guān)的信息。如果漫畫有標(biāo)題,則還應(yīng)關(guān)注這個(gè)標(biāo)題,因?yàn)闃?biāo)題就是漫畫的眼睛。在解讀時(shí)要注意綜觀全局,切莫看到一點(diǎn)就草草而作,遺漏主要信息。
描述畫面:透過現(xiàn)象抓寓意
正確解讀漫畫含義后,還要做到準(zhǔn)確描述。請(qǐng)看下面這道作文題:
我們常常聽到有人抱怨自己不夠成功是因?yàn)檫\(yùn)氣不好,得不到好的機(jī)會(huì)。其實(shí),機(jī)會(huì)隨時(shí)存在于我們身邊,但并不是所有人都能抓住。
請(qǐng)根據(jù)以上提示和右邊的漫畫,用英語寫一篇120詞左右的短文,就“抓住機(jī)會(huì),取得成功”這個(gè)話題,發(fā)表你的觀點(diǎn)。
結(jié)合漫畫和文字說明可知,漫畫想表達(dá)的是:機(jī)會(huì)如同那只天鵝,人們往往在猶豫中錯(cuò)過了它。有一位同學(xué)這樣描述畫面內(nèi)容:
Long long ago, there were two people who were good at archery. One day, a big bird flew across the sky. The two archers were very excited. “It must be a big meal!” They both thought. But here came the problem. One of the archers said, “I like stewing, for it’s delicious!” But the other one said, “ I prefer toasting.” They argued about how to cook the dish, and wasted a lot of time.
這位同學(xué)對(duì)畫面描述得很詳細(xì),故事性很強(qiáng),但偏偏因此失分,為什么?因?yàn)檫@段描述沒有點(diǎn)明漫畫的寓意。其實(shí),在詞數(shù)有限的情況下,我們只需用簡明的語言表達(dá)清楚漫畫中的人物在什么情況下做了什么,然后明確指出漫畫表現(xiàn)或諷刺的現(xiàn)象,就可自然過渡到結(jié)合實(shí)際發(fā)表個(gè)人看法了。
以下畫面描述就做到了言簡意賅,同時(shí)鮮明地體現(xiàn)了漫畫的主旨。
As is shown in the picture, the two men are arguing about the best way to cook the swan which is flying over their heads. Without doubt, they are bound to miss it. Ridiculous as it is, the picture is the exact reflection of our life. It’s not uncommon that some people, faced with an opportunity, may take it for granted rather than take it seriously or cherish it.
【練一練】
隨著生活現(xiàn)代化水平的不斷提高,很多年輕人逐漸失去了動(dòng)手能力。仔細(xì)觀察右圖,結(jié)合自己的生活實(shí)際,寫一篇120~150詞的英語短文,描述畫面內(nèi)容,分析原因,并發(fā)表自己的看法。
參考詞匯:動(dòng)手能力hands?鄄on ability, 粽子zongzi
【One Possible Version】
As is shown in the picture, sitting before a plate of zongzi, the boy is at a complete loss how to unwrap them and eventually turns to a book for instructions! The picture is trying to convey to us a fact that many of the young are losing their basic hands-on ability in everyday life.
Many factors contribute to this phenomenon. Firstly, many children have been forced to focus on their school work only, having little or no time to experience things in real life. Secondly, parents are over-protective. They take over almost all their children’s life. Thirdly, the Internet and certain books provide actually everything we need. It is not surprising for children to develop dependence on them for help.
From where I stand, giving children chances to do things for themselves is the only remedy. Anyway, nobody can learn to swim without jumping into water.
那些讓你念念不忘的歌詞
正是多了一種殘缺不全的魅力, 才沒有那么多含恨不如意。
——黃 閱 《折子戲》
人們總說,殘缺也是一種美。正如動(dòng)畫片《基諾之旅》中的那句臺(tái)詞:世界并不美麗,但也因此美麗無比。
圖:楊冰冰 文:Rabbit