約翰·高爾斯華綏（John Galsworthy， 1867～1933）出生于英國(guó)一個(gè)富裕的律師家庭，畢業(yè)于牛津大學(xué)法律系。雖然高爾斯華綏擁有律師資格證書，但他的主要興趣在于文學(xué)創(chuàng)作。從1897年發(fā)表第一部短篇小說(shuō)集《四季的風(fēng)》（From the Four Winds）開始，在二十多年的寫作生涯中，他出版了大量的小說(shuō)、戲劇以及文學(xué)評(píng)論。其代表作是現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說(shuō)三部曲《福賽特世家》（The Forsyte Saga），包含三部長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)《有產(chǎn)業(yè)的人》（The Man of Property， 1906）、《進(jìn)退兩難》（In Chancery， 1920）、《出租》（To Let， 1921）以及兩部插曲《小陽(yáng)春》（Indian Summer of a Forsyte， 1918）和《覺(jué)醒》（Awakening， 1920）。1932年，高爾斯華綏獲得了諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)?！短O果樹》（The Apple Tree）是他發(fā)表于1916年的一部中篇小說(shuō)，講述的是一個(gè)凄婉動(dòng)人的愛(ài)情故事，語(yǔ)言優(yōu)美感人。

Excerpts1）

It was on Sunday week in the evening， when he was lying in the orchard listening to a blackbird and composing a love poem， that he heard the gate swing to， and saw the girl come running among the trees， with the red—cheeked， stolid2） Joe3） in swift pursuit. About twenty yards away the chase ended， and the two stood fronting each other， not noticing the stranger in the grass—the boy pressing on， the girl fending him off. Ashurst4） could see her face， angry， disturbed； and the youth’s—who would have thought that red—faced yokel5） could look so distraught6）！ And painfully affected by that sight， he jumped up. They saw him then. Megan7） dropped her hands， and shrank behind a tree trunk； the boy gave an angry grunt， rushed at the bank， scrambled over and vanished. Ashurst went slowly up to her. She was standing quite still， biting her lip—very pretty， with her fine， dark hair blown loose about her face， and her eyes cast down.

“I beg your pardon，” he said.

She gave him one upward look， from eyes much dilated8）； then， catching her breath， turned away. Ashurst followed.

“Megan！”

But she went on； and taking hold of her arm， he turned her gently round to him.

“Stop and speak to me.”

“Why do you beg my pardon？ It is not to me you should do that.”

“Well， then， to Joe.”

“How dare he come after me？”

“In love with you， I suppose.”

She stamped her foot.

Ashurst uttered a short laugh. “Would you like me to punch his head？”

She cried with sudden passion：

“You laugh at me—you laugh at us！”

He caught hold of her hands， but she shrank back， till her passionate little face and loose dark hair were caught among the pink clusters of the apple blossom. Ashurst raised one of her imprisoned hands and put his lips to it. He felt how chivalrous9） he was， and superior to that clod10） Joe—just brushing that small， rough hand with his mouth！ Her shrinking ceased suddenly； she seemed to tremble towards him. A sweet warmth overtook Ashurst from top to toe. This slim maiden， so simple and fine and pretty， was pleased， then， at the touch of his lips！ And， yielding to a swift impulse， he put his arms round her， pressed her to him， and kissed her forehead. Then he was frightened—she went so pale， closing her eyes， so that the long， dark lashes lay on her pale cheeks； her hands， too， lay inert11） at her sides. The touch of her breast sent a shiver through him. “Megan！” he sighed out， and let her go. In the utter silence a blackbird shouted. Then the girl seized his hand， put it to her cheek， her heart， her lips， kissed it passionately， and fled away among the mossy trunks of the apple trees， till they hid her from him.

Ashurst sat down on a twisted old tree growing almost along the ground， and， all throbbing and bewildered， gazed vacantly at the blossom which had crowned her hair—those pink buds with one white open apple star. What had he done？ How had he let himself be thus stampeded by beauty—pity—or—just the spring！ He felt curiously happy， all the same； happy and triumphant， with shivers running through his limbs， and a vague alarm. This was the beginning of—what？ The midges12） bit him， the dancing gnats13） tried to fly into his mouth， and all the spring around him seemed to grow more lovely and alive； the songs of the cuckoos and the blackbirds， the laughter of the yaffles14）， the level—slanting sunlight， the apple blossom which had crowned her head—！ He got up from the old trunk and strode out of the orchard， wanting space， an open sky， to get on terms with these new sensations. He made for the moor， and from an ash tree in the hedge a magpie15） flew out to herald him.

Of man—at any age from five years on—who can say he has never been in love？ Ashurst had loved his partners at his dancing class； loved his nursery governess； girls in school—holidays； perhaps never been quite out of love， cherishing always some more or less remote admiration. But this was different， not remote at all. Quite a new sensation； terribly delightful， bringing a sense of completed manhood. To be holding in his fingers such a wild flower， to be able to put it to his lips， and feel it tremble with delight against them！ What intoxication16）， and—embarrassment！ What to do with it—how meet her next time？ His first caress had been cool， pitiful； but the next could not be， now that， by her burning little kiss on his hand， by her pressure of it to her heart， he knew that she loved him. Some natures are coarsened by love bestowed on them； others， like Ashurst’s， are swayed and drawn， warmed and softened， almost exalted， by what they feel to be a sort of miracle.

And up there among the tors17） he was racked18） between the passionate desire to revel19） in this new sensation of spring fulfilled within him， and a vague but very real uneasiness. At one moment he gave himself up completely to his pride at having captured this pretty， trustful， dewy—eyed thing！ At the next he thought with factitious20） solemnity： “Yes， my boy！ But look out what you’re doing！ You know what comes of it！”

Dusk dropped down without his noticing—dusk on the carved， Assyrian21）—looking masses of the rocks. And the voice of Nature said： “This is a new world for you！” As when a man gets up at four o’clock and goes out into a summer morning， and beasts， birds， trees stare at him and he feels as if all had been made new.

1.節(jié)選部分描寫了小說(shuō)的男女主人公（阿什赫斯特和梅甘）在蘋果園里初次相擁親吻的情景。

2.stolid [?st?l?d] adj. 感覺(jué)遲鈍的

3.Joe：?jiǎn)?，小說(shuō)中的一位農(nóng)夫，很喜歡女主人公

4.Ashurst：阿什赫斯特，小說(shuō)的男主人公，來(lái)自倫敦，剛大學(xué)畢業(yè)，已取得律師資格。

5.yokel [?j??k（?）l] n. 莊稼漢，鄉(xiāng)下人

6.distraught [d??str??t] adj. 發(fā)狂的，發(fā)瘋的

7.Megan：梅甘，小說(shuō)的女主人公，是一位漂亮的姑娘，在姑姑家的農(nóng)場(chǎng)里幫忙。

8.dilated [da??le?t] adj. 擴(kuò)大了的；經(jīng)擴(kuò)張的

9.chivalrous [???v?lr?s] adj. 騎士風(fēng)度的

10.clod [kl?d] n. 鄉(xiāng)下佬

11.inert [??n??（r）t] adj. 不動(dòng)的

12.midge [m?d?] n. 蠓；搖蚊；雙翅目小昆蟲

13.gnat [n?t] n. 小昆蟲

14.yaffle [?jaf（?）l] n. 綠色啄木鳥

15.magpie [?m?ɡpa?] n. 鵲

16.intoxication [?n?t?ks??ke??n] n. 陶醉

17.tor [t??（r）] n. 石山，突巖

18.rack [r?k] vt. 使（在肉體上或精神上）受劇烈痛苦，折磨

19.revel [?rev（?）l] vi. 狂歡

20.factitious [f?k?t???s] adj. 做作的，不自然的

21.Assyrian [??s?r??n] adj. 亞述的。亞述為古代西亞一個(gè)奴隸制國(guó)家。

作品賞析

高爾斯華綏的《蘋果樹》是一曲憑吊青春與愛(ài)情的挽歌。小說(shuō)的開篇，年近五旬的阿什赫斯特和妻子斯特拉為了慶祝銀婚，開車前往初次相遇的托基小鎮(zhèn)，途中?？吭卩l(xiāng)間做短暫的休息。阿什赫斯特看到似曾相識(shí)的風(fēng)景，發(fā)覺(jué)自己曾來(lái)過(guò)這里，由此想起了一段往事。26年前，阿什赫斯特和朋友一起徒步在這一帶旅行，因?yàn)橥炔渴軅坏貌辉诋?dāng)?shù)匾患肄r(nóng)場(chǎng)暫住。養(yǎng)傷期間，他和農(nóng)家女孩梅甘相愛(ài)了，兩個(gè)人在蘋果園里訂下了愛(ài)情的誓言。阿什赫斯特承諾帶梅甘去倫敦，開始新的生活?？墒钱?dāng)阿什赫斯特來(lái)到附近的托基鎮(zhèn)打算取些錢給梅甘買幾件衣服，為兩人的離開做準(zhǔn)備時(shí)，卻邂逅了朋友哈利迪和他的三個(gè)妹妹。阿什赫斯特沒(méi)有向朋友一家提起梅甘，也沒(méi)有按照計(jì)劃馬上返回農(nóng)場(chǎng)，而是陪著朋友一家在鎮(zhèn)上游玩，耽擱了兩三天。在這段時(shí)間里，他體會(huì)到了自己想法的變化，預(yù)見(jiàn)到了如果他和梅甘私奔，兩人并不可能長(zhǎng)久相愛(ài)。因?yàn)槊犯手皇莻€(gè)單純的農(nóng)村姑娘，而自己受過(guò)高等教育，兩人的共同語(yǔ)言并不多，以后的婚姻多半不會(huì)幸福。與其未來(lái)痛苦，不如就此了斷。為此，他乘車離開小鎮(zhèn)，返回倫敦，并且在一年后迎娶了哈利迪的大妹妹斯特拉。斯特拉聰慧大方，夫妻相敬如賓。然而，在阿什赫斯特的內(nèi)心，始終隱藏著對(duì)梅甘的懷戀。如今，故地重游，阿什赫斯特難免心懷牽動(dòng)。他想知道梅甘這些年生活得究竟怎樣，卻從當(dāng)?shù)厝丝谥械弥V情的梅甘見(jiàn)他遲遲不歸，神思恍惚，早在他離開的當(dāng)年，就溺水而亡，魂歸黃土，現(xiàn)在就長(zhǎng)眠在他歇腳的路旁那個(gè)無(wú)名的墳塋里。

在《蘋果樹》中，如果梅甘在那個(gè)春天沒(méi)有遇到來(lái)自倫敦的大學(xué)生阿什赫斯特，她的人生一定會(huì)是另外的格局。或許她會(huì)嫁給熱烈追求她的那個(gè)名叫喬的粗壯農(nóng)夫，成為一名勤勉的家庭主婦，生養(yǎng)一群茁壯的孩子。但對(duì)阿什赫斯特的癡心改變了她的命運(yùn)，使她的人生終止在最美好的年紀(jì)。

對(duì)于梅甘之死，阿什赫斯特的確負(fù)有責(zé)任。他是自私的逃兵，無(wú)法超越階級(jí)的差異，無(wú)法擺脫世俗的看法，放棄了對(duì)梅甘的愛(ài)。然而，應(yīng)該由阿什赫斯特負(fù)擔(dān)全部的責(zé)任嗎？小說(shuō)的答案是否定的。阿什赫斯特并不是一位花花公子，他對(duì)梅甘的情感是真誠(chéng)的。月下相擁親吻的那一幕，只有近乎圣潔的美，沒(méi)有欺騙。他離開梅甘，并不是因?yàn)槭紒y終棄后的厭倦，而是因?yàn)樗A(yù)見(jiàn)到在以后的生活中只有愛(ài)情是不夠的，他們兩人的情感一旦在現(xiàn)實(shí)中成型，必然會(huì)腐壞變質(zhì)。為了兩人將來(lái)的幸福，阿什赫斯特選擇了離開，但是他沒(méi)有想到這場(chǎng)短暫的戀愛(ài)對(duì)雙方來(lái)說(shuō)會(huì)是以悲劇告終。梅甘為之付出了生命的代價(jià)。而阿什赫斯特雖然找到了人生的良伴，和門當(dāng)戶對(duì)的斯特拉生活在一起，但是他人生最美好的情感已經(jīng)給了蘋果樹下相擁的梅甘。這使他和斯特拉的婚姻在庸常幸福之外有了不可彌補(bǔ)的缺憾。他的內(nèi)心所向往的是梅甘那沒(méi)有沾染世事的純真。

兩個(gè)相愛(ài)的人演出了一場(chǎng)悲劇，除了該埋怨阿什赫斯特的懦弱，哀嘆梅甘的單純，或許應(yīng)該承擔(dān)責(zé)任的還有愛(ài)情本身。在《蘋果樹》中，踏上懷舊之旅的阿什赫斯特正在閱讀詩(shī)劇《希波呂托斯》。這部作品出自古希臘悲劇大師歐里庇得斯之手。故事中的希波呂托斯是雅典王忒修斯的兒子，他不相信愛(ài)情，所崇拜的是貞潔的狩獵神阿耳忒彌斯。為此，愛(ài)神阿佛洛狄忒決定讓他見(jiàn)識(shí)見(jiàn)識(shí)自己的威力。在愛(ài)神的蠱惑下，后母淮德拉愛(ài)上了希波呂托斯，她向希波呂托斯求愛(ài)，卻被他堅(jiān)決拒絕?；吹吕虼私^望自殺，并留言給丈夫忒修斯，謊稱希波呂托斯企圖玷污她。忒修斯聽(tīng)到傳聞，勃然大怒，他祈求海神降罪于希波呂托斯。為此希波呂托斯遭遇奇禍，身受重傷。雖然在狩獵神阿耳忒彌斯的干預(yù)下，最終真相大白，父子和解，但希波呂托斯還是因傷勢(shì)過(guò)重，不治身亡。在這場(chǎng)愛(ài)神阿佛洛狄忒發(fā)動(dòng)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，所有的凡人都是輸家：淮德拉為愛(ài)而亡；忒修斯為愛(ài)是非不分；希波呂托斯雖然拒絕去愛(ài)，但他的命運(yùn)卻因?yàn)榛吹吕瓕?duì)他執(zhí)著的愛(ài)而徹底改變。

《希波呂托斯》這部古希臘悲劇呼應(yīng)了《蘋果樹》中的悲劇。在《蘋果樹》中，女主人公梅甘同樣因?yàn)闊o(wú)望的愛(ài)情而自殺；阿什赫斯特為了擺脫愛(ài)情選擇離開，然而梅甘卻為他而死，他將終身背負(fù)思念與愧疚。愛(ài)情的力量是凡人所無(wú)法抗拒的。難怪在古希臘和羅馬神話中，愛(ài)情源于神的操控。只有神的參與，才能解釋愛(ài)情的無(wú)邊魔法以及反復(fù)無(wú)常。愛(ài)神是蠻不講理的，她的賜予可以是最美的祝福，也可能是最深的創(chuàng)痛。在《蘋果樹》中，阿什赫斯特和梅甘相遇在青春年少最為飛揚(yáng)的時(shí)光，兩個(gè)人的邂逅又恰逢萬(wàn)物欣欣向榮的春季。人心的悸動(dòng)呼應(yīng)著天地萬(wàn)物的生長(zhǎng)?；ǘ溟_放，草木蓬勃生長(zhǎng)，一切都充滿了希望。在心動(dòng)的一剎那，沒(méi)有人會(huì)想到現(xiàn)實(shí)世界里的重重羈絆。在柔和的月光下，在蘋果樹的綠葉下，愛(ài)情受著春風(fēng)的接引，像潔白的蘋果花一樣自然而然地盛放。

然而，青春固然美麗如花朵，愛(ài)情固然芬芳如花朵，但用鮮花比喻青春與愛(ài)情往往就預(yù)示著凋零。春風(fēng)一年只來(lái)臨一季，蘋果花默默地開，又無(wú)奈地落。青春消散，愛(ài)過(guò)的女孩已經(jīng)離開了這個(gè)世界。一次緬懷青春的紀(jì)念旅行卻成了黯然的憑吊。自此以后，每當(dāng)阿什赫斯特回想起梅甘，除了惆悵，一定會(huì)多一重錐心的痛切追悔。果園中的吻成就了一生最美的一瞬，也是一生最大的罪愆?；蛟S該怨那個(gè)春天的月色太美，怨那一樹蘋果花開得太溫柔，怨那份青春的愛(ài)如此濃烈，如此決絕，卻也如此脆弱不堪。