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        你不知道的感恩節(jié)趣聞

        2012-04-29 00:00:00阿諾
        新東方英語·中學(xué)版 2012年11期

        The First TV Dinner1) Was Thanksgiving Leftovers

        In 1953, someone at Swanson2) severely overestimated the amount of turkey Americans would consume at Thanksgiving. With 260 tons of frozen birds to get rid of, a company salesman named Gerry Thomas ordered 5000 aluminum3) trays, recruited4) an assembly line of women armed with spatulas5) and ice—cream scoops6) and began creating mini—feasts of turkey, corn—bread dressing7), peas and sweet potatoes—creating the first—ever TV dinner. Thomas later said he got the idea from neatly packaged airplane food.

        Franklin D. Roosevelt Tried to Change the Date

        Franklin D. Roosevelt learned the hard way8) not to mess with some traditions. In 1939, the President declared that Americans should celebrate the annual feast one week early, hoping the decision would spur9) retail sales during the Great Depression. But Americans did not react kindly to the New Deal10) meal. Some took to the streets while others took to name calling11); the mayor of Atlantic City solved the controversy by declaring his residents would simply enjoy two meals—Thanksgiving and \"Franksgiving\". After two years of squabbling12) (or gobbling13), as it were), Congress adopted a resolution in 1941 setting the fourth Thursday of November as the legal holiday.

        We Eat a Lot of Turduckens

        Thanks to the culinary14) genius of Louisiana (or Wyoming or South Carolina—each region has staked15) its claim), more and more Americans are forsaking16) Butterballs for Turduckens. A what? Picture this: a turkey stuffed with a duck stuffed with a chicken. It's like a Russian nesting doll17) only with poultry. One store in Louisiana claims to ship more than 5000 turduckens the week before the feast.

        There's Debate over Which President First Pardoned a Turkey

        The annual White House tradition of pardoning a turkey before Thanksgiving began in 1947, when President Harry Truman took pity on one lucky fowl. Other historians say the practice began during the 1860s, when Abraham Lincoln granted a pardon to a pet turkey belonging to his son, Tad. The tradition may alleviate18) some of America's guilt, but it doesn't stop us from slaughtering more than 46 million turkeys for the holiday. Even so, as former Alaska Governor Sarah Palin once proved during an interview in her hometown, Americans prefer public acts of mercy to massacres.

        Thanksgiving Was Meant to Be a Fast

        Thanksgiving was initially meant to be a fast, not a feast. The devout19) settlers at Plymouth Rock mostly recognized \"giving of thanks\" in the form of prayer and abstaining20) from food. But the Wampanoag21) Indians, who joined the pilgrims22) for their 3—day celebration, contributed their own harvest traditions—dancing, games and feasting—from their ancient festival, Nickommoh, meaning \"to give away\" or \"exchange\".

        Thanksgiving Was a Slow—Roasting Holiday

        While the first Thanksgiving was held in 1621, it would take more than 150 years before all 13 colonies celebrated Thanksgiving at once, in October 1777. In 1789, President George Washington hailed23) the holiday, while Thomas Jefferson scoffed at the notion, calling Thanksgiving \"the most ridiculous idea\" ever conceived. For his part24), Benjamin Franklin had such an affinity25) for turkey that he lobbied to make it the national bird (to no avail).

        Thanksgiving Was Once Celebrated in London

        In 1942, London's Westminster Abbey held Thanksgiving services for U.S. troops stationed in England. More than 3500 soldiers filled the church's pews26) to sing \"America, the Beautiful\" and \"The Star—Spangled Banner\"—the first time in the church's 900—year history that a foreign army was invited to take over the grounds. It was an ironic gesture given the holiday's origins as a festival for pilgrims fleeing religious tyranny in Britain.

        There Are Three Towns Named Turkey

        Three towns have been named after the holiday's starring player—Turkey, Texas, Turkey Creek, La. and Turkey, N.C.—each with fewer than 500 residents. Legend has it that the pheasant's27) name came from the wayward28) traveler Christopher Columbus, who thought he was in India when he arrived in \"The New World\" and, hence, dubbed29) the pheasant a \"tuka\", an Indian term for peacock. The name stuck30).

        最早的速凍盒飯是用

        感恩節(jié)的“殘羹剩菜”制作的

        1953年,斯旺森食品公司的某個人嚴(yán)重高估了感恩節(jié)期間美國大眾對火雞的需求量,結(jié)果導(dǎo)致260噸滯銷的冷凍火雞亟待處理。于是,該公司一位名叫格里·托馬斯的銷售人員訂購了5000個鋁制餐盤,雇傭了一些女工組成了一條生產(chǎn)線,這些女工手持抹刀和冰淇淋勺,開始做出一份份由火雞、玉米面包填料、豌豆和白薯組成的簡餐——這就是最早的一批速凍盒飯。托馬斯事后表示,他的靈感來自于飛機上包裝整齊的餐食。

        富蘭克林·D·羅斯福曾嘗試更改

        感恩節(jié)的日期

        富蘭克林·D·羅斯福在經(jīng)歷挫折后方才明白,不能在某些傳統(tǒng)上瞎攪和。1939年,這位總統(tǒng)宣布,美國人民應(yīng)提前一周慶祝這個一年一度的盛大節(jié)日,希望可以借此促進經(jīng)濟大蕭條期間零售額的增長。不過,美國人對這一飲食新政卻并不買賬。有人上街游行,有人謾罵抗議。大西洋城的市長宣布該市市民可以享受兩頓感恩節(jié)大餐——一次在感恩節(jié),一次在“富恩節(jié)”,這才解決了這一紛爭。經(jīng)過兩年的爭論(或者可以說在兩年的鼓噪過后),1941年,國會通過決議,規(guī)定每年11月的第四個星期四為法定的感恩節(jié)。

        我們吃了很多“火鴨雞”

        拜路易斯安那州的那位烹飪天才所賜(也有人說是懷俄明州或南卡羅來納州——上述地區(qū)都言之鑿鑿地聲稱自己擁有這項發(fā)明的所有權(quán)),越來越多的美國人正在拋棄 “黃油球”牌火雞產(chǎn)品,轉(zhuǎn)而愛上了“火鴨雞”。呃,什么東西?想象一下:一只火雞肚子里塞了一只鴨子,鴨肚子里又塞了一只雞,就像是用家禽做成的俄羅斯套娃。路易斯安那州的一家商店聲稱,在感恩節(jié)前一周,店里“火鴨雞”的發(fā)貨量多達5000多只。

        最早赦免火雞的是哪位總統(tǒng)?

        這個問題尚存爭議

        1947年,哈里·杜魯門總統(tǒng)對一只幸運的火雞動了慈悲之心,于是從那時開始,白宮有了每年感恩節(jié)前赦免一只火雞的傳統(tǒng)。另有一些歷史學(xué)家認(rèn)為,這種做法從19世紀(jì)60年代就開始了,當(dāng)時亞伯拉罕·林肯赦免了兒子塔德的一只寵物火雞。這項傳統(tǒng)或許能減輕美國的一些內(nèi)疚感,但是卻阻止不了我們?yōu)檫^感恩節(jié)宰殺4600多萬只火雞。即便如此,正如阿拉斯加州前任州長薩拉·佩林在家鄉(xiāng)接受采訪時所說的那樣,比起屠殺,美國人更喜歡在公開場合秀慈悲。

        感恩節(jié)本應(yīng)是齋戒日

        起初,感恩節(jié)本是要用來舉行齋戒而非饕餮盛宴的。當(dāng)年,在普利茅斯海岸巨礫處登陸的虔誠的移民普遍認(rèn)可的“感恩”方式是祈禱和禁食。但是,和早期移民一起歡慶這三天節(jié)日的萬帕諾亞格印第安人卻帶來了他們慶祝豐收的傳統(tǒng)方式——舞蹈、游戲和盛宴,這些傳統(tǒng)均來自于他們古老的節(jié)日“Nickommoh”(意為“贈送”或“交換”)。

        感恩節(jié)曾是一個“慢熱”的節(jié)日

        雖然首個感恩節(jié)誕生于1621年,但直到150多年后的1777年10月,全部13個北美殖民地(編注:指美國獨立時的13個州)才開始一同慶祝感恩節(jié)。1789年,喬治·華盛頓總統(tǒng)熱烈歡迎了這一節(jié)日,但托馬斯·杰斐遜卻對過感恩節(jié)這一想法嗤之以鼻,稱其為有史以來“最荒唐的想法”。而說到本杰明·富蘭克林,他對火雞尤為鐘愛,甚至還曾經(jīng)進行游說,希望能將火雞定為國鳥(但沒有成功)。(編注:1789年華盛頓當(dāng)選美國第一任總統(tǒng),當(dāng)時杰斐遜是美國第一任國務(wù)卿,而已83歲的富蘭克林是美國的開國元老之一。)

        感恩節(jié)慶典曾在倫敦舉行

        1942年,倫敦的威斯敏斯特大教堂為駐英美軍舉行了感恩節(jié)慶典。3500多名美軍士兵擠在教堂的長椅上,齊聲高唱《美麗的亞美利加》和《星條旗之歌》——在該教堂900年的歷史中,這還是第一次有一支外國軍隊受邀“占領(lǐng)”教堂。這個場面頗具反諷意味,因為感恩節(jié)最初正是那些逃離英國宗教專制的早期清教徒移民的節(jié)日。

        有三個小鎮(zhèn)以Turkey為名

        有三個小鎮(zhèn)以感恩節(jié)的主角turkey為名,它們分別是得克薩斯州的特基市、路易斯安那州的特基溪村和北卡羅來納州的特基鎮(zhèn),這三個地方的人口都不足500。據(jù)說,這種野雞得名于剛愎自用的探險家克里斯托弗·哥倫布。他抵達“新大陸”時以為自己身在印度,因此便用印度語中表示“孔雀”的詞“tuka”來為這種野雞命名。這個名字便延續(xù)了下來。

        1.TV Dinner: 速凍盒飯。原指美國斯旺森食品公司生產(chǎn)的TV牌速凍盒飯,后來該公司停止了這一名稱的使用,現(xiàn)在TV Dinner可以指任何類似的速凍盒飯。

        2.Swanson: 美國一家食品公司,為北美超市提供速凍盒飯、肉湯和肉罐頭等。

        3.aluminum [??lj??m?ni?m] n. 【化】鋁

        4.recruit [r??kru?t] vt. 雇傭,聘用

        5.spatula [?sp?t??l?] n. 抹刀;刮勺

        6.scoop [sku?p] n. 勺子

        7.dressing [?dres??] n. (烤雞等腹內(nèi)的)填餡

        8.learn sth. hard way: 從(不愉快的)經(jīng)歷中得到教訓(xùn)

        9.spur [sp??(r)] vt. 促進,激勵

        10.New Deal: 新政,指富蘭克林·D·羅斯福政府于1933~1938年間為應(yīng)對1929~1933年的經(jīng)濟危機所采取的一系列政策措施。

        11.name calling: 辱罵

        12.squabble [?skw?bl] vi. (為瑣事)爭論

        13.gobble [?ɡ?bl] vi. (公火雞)咯咯叫

        14.culinary [?k?l?n?ri] adj. 烹飪的

        15.stake [ste?k] vt. 立界標(biāo)以表明(所有權(quán))

        16.forsake [f??se?k] vt. 放棄

        17.Russian nesting doll: 俄羅斯套娃,是俄羅斯特產(chǎn)的木制玩具,一般由多個一樣圖案的空心木娃娃一個套一個組成,最多可達十多個。

        18.alleviate [??li?vie?t] vt. 減輕,緩解

        19.devout [d??va?t] adj. (人、行動等)虔誠的,虔敬的

        20.abstain [?b?ste?n] vi. (自我克制地)戒絕

        21.Wampanoag: 萬帕諾亞格人,指1620年英國清教徒移居美國時居住在馬薩諸塞州東南部阿爾岡昆的一個印第安人部落或其成員。

        22.pilgrim [?p?lɡr?m] n. 美國的早期移民,移居美國的英國清教徒

        23.hail [he?l] vt. 歡呼認(rèn)可

        24.for one's part: 至于,就某個人來說

        25.affinity [??f?n?ti] n. 喜好

        26.pew [pju?] n. 教堂長椅

        27.pheasant [?feznt] n. 野雞,雉雞

        28.wayward [?we?w?d] adj. 任性的;剛愎的

        29.dub [d?b] vt. 把……稱為

        30.stick [st?k] vi. 長久保留

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