小戴維·麥卡洛(David McCullough Jr.),一位普通的英語老師,任教于美國韋爾斯利高中(Wellesley High School)。在畢業(yè)來臨之際,他又一次站上三尺講臺,面對即將畢業(yè)的莘莘學(xué)子,他送出的不是贊美的言辭,也不是鼓勵的話語,而是讓我們深刻認識自我的金玉良言。我們年輕氣盛、滿腔熱血,我們自信滿滿、自詡不凡,我們以為自己應(yīng)該受到褒獎、獲得贊美,我們以為自己獨一無二、與眾不同,殊不知我們既不出眾,也不特別。
Commencement is life's great ceremonial beginning, with its own attendant and highly appropriate symbolism. Fitting, for example, for this auspicious1) rite of passage2), is where we find ourselves this afternoon, the venue3). Normally, I avoid cliches4) like the plague, but here we are on a literal level playing field5). That matters. That says something. And your ceremonial costume ... shapeless, uniform, one—size—fits—all. Whether male or female, tall or short, scholar or slacker6), each of you is dressed, you'll notice, exactly the same. And your diploma ... but for your name, exactly the same.
All of this is as it should be, because none of you is special.
You are not special. You are not exceptional.
Yes, you've been pampered7), cosseted8), doted9) upon, helmeted, bubble—wrapped. Yes, capable adults with other things to do have held you, kissed you, fed you, wiped your mouth, wiped your bottom, trained you, taught you, tutored you, coached you, listened to you, counseled you, encouraged you, consoled you and encouraged you again. You've been nudged10), cajoled11), wheedled12) and implored13). You've been feted14) and fawned15) over and called sweetie pie. Yes, you have. And, certainly, we've been to your games, your plays, your recitals, your science fairs. Absolutely, smiles ignite when you walk into a room, and hundreds gasp with delight at your every tweet. Why, maybe you've even had your picture in the Townsman16)! And now you've conquered high school ... and, indisputably, here we all have gathered for you, the pride and joy of this fine community, the first to emerge from that magnificent new building ...
But do not get the idea you're anything special, because you're not.
The empirical evidence is everywhere; numbers even an English teacher can't ignore. Newton, Natick, Nee ... I am allowed to say Needham17), yes? ... that has to be two thousand high school graduates right there, give or take18), and that's just the neighborhood N's. Across the country no fewer than 3.2 million seniors are graduating about now from more than 37,000 high schools. That's 37,000 valedictorians19). That's 37,000 class presidents.... But why limit ourselves to high school? After all, you're leaving it. So think about this: even if you're one in a million, on a planet of 6.8 billion that means there are nearly 7000 people just like you.
\"But, Dave,\" you cry, \"Walt Whitman20) tells me I'm my own version of perfect! Epictetus21) tells me I have the spark of Zeus!\" And I don't disagree. So that makes 6.8 billion examples of perfection, 6.8 billion sparks of Zeus. You see, if everyone is special, then no one is. If everyone gets a trophy, trophies become meaningless. In our unspoken but not so subtle Darwinian competition with one another—which springs, I think, from our fear of our own insignificance, a subset of our dread of mortality22)—we have of late23), we Americans, to our detriment24), come to love accolades25) more than genuine achievement. We have come to see them as the point—and we're happy to compromise standards, or ignore reality, if we suspect that's the quickest way, or only way, to have something to put on the mantelpiece26), something to pose with, crow27) about, something with which to leverage28) ourselves into a better spot on the social totem pole29). No longer is it how you play the game; no longer is it even whether you win or lose, or learn or grow, or enjoy yourself doing it.... Now it's \"So what does this get me?\" As a consequence, we cheapen worthy endeavors. It's an epidemic—and in its way, not even dear old Wellesley High is immune ... one of the best of the 37,000 nationwide, Wellesley High School ... where good is no longer good enough, where a B is the new C, and the midlevel curriculum is called Advanced College Placement30). And I hope you caught me when I said \"one of the best\". I said \"one of the best\" so we can feel better about ourselves, so we can bask31) in a little easy distinction, however vague and unverifiable32), and count ourselves among the elite, whoever they might be, and enjoy a perceived leg—up33) on the perceived competition. But the phrase defies34) logic. By definition there can be only one best. You're it or you're not.
If you've learned anything in your four years here I hope it's that education should be for, rather than material advantage, the exhilaration35) of learning. You've learned, too, I hope, as Sophocles36) assured us, that wisdom is the chief element of happiness. Second is ice cream ... just an FYI37). I also hope you've learned enough to recognize how little you know, how little you know now, at the moment, for today is just the beginning. It's where you go from here that matters.
As you commence, then, and before you scatter to the winds, I urge you to do whatever you do for no reason other than you love it and believe in its importance. Don't bother with work you don't believe in any more than you would a spouse you're not crazy about. Resist the easy comforts of complacency38), the specious39) glitter of materialism, the narcotic40) paralysis of self—satisfaction. Be worthy of your advantages. And read ... read all the time ... read as a matter of principle, as a matter of self—respect. Read as a nourishing staple41) of life. Develop and protect a moral sensibility and demonstrate the character to apply it. Dream big. Work hard. Think for yourself. Love everything you love, everyone you love, with all your might. And do so, please, with a sense of urgency, for every tick of the clock subtracts from fewer and fewer; and as surely as there are commencements there are cessations42), and you'll be in no condition to enjoy the ceremony attendant to that eventuality no matter how delightful the afternoon.
The fulfilling life, the distinctive life, the relevant life, is an achievement, not something that will fall into your lap because you're a nice person or mommy ordered it from the caterer43). You'll note the founding fathers took pains to secure your inalienable44) right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness—quite an active verb, \"pursuit\" —which leaves, I should think, little time for lying around watching parrots rollerskate on Youtube. The first President Roosevelt, the old Rough Rider45), advocated the strenuous46) life. Mr. Thoreau wanted to drive life into a corner47), to live deep and suck out all the marrow48). The poet Mary Oliver49) tells us to row, row into the swirl and roil50). Locally, someone ... I forget who ... from time to time encourages young scholars to carpe the heck out of the diem51). The point is the same: get busy, have at52) it. Don't wait for inspiration or passion to find you. Get up, get out, explore, find it yourself, and grab hold with both hands. Now, before you dash off and get your YOLO tattoo, let me point out the illogic of that trendy little expression—because you can and should live not merely once, but every day of your life. Rather than You Only Live Once (YOLO), it should be You Live Only Once (YLOO) ... but because YLOO doesn't have the same ring, we shrug and decide it doesn't matter.
None of this day—seizing, though, this YLOOing, should be interpreted as license for self—indulgence53). Like accolades ought to be, the fulfilled life is a consequence, a gratifying54) by—product. It's what happens when you're thinking about more important things.
Climb the mountain not to plant your flag, but to embrace the challenge, enjoy the air and behold the view. Climb it so you can see the world, not so the world can see you. Go to Paris to be in Paris, not to cross it off your list and congratulate yourself for being worldly. Exercise free will and creative, independent thought not for the satisfactions they will bring you, but for the good they will do others, the rest of the 6.8 billion—and those who will follow them. And then you too will discover the great and curious truth of the human experience is that selflessness is the best thing you can do for yourself. The sweetest joys of life, then, come only with the recognition that you're not special.
Because everyone is.
你并不特別,也不出眾。
沒錯,你一直是大人們寵愛、溺愛、嬌縱的對象,享受百般呵護和無微不至的照料。沒錯,無所不能的大人們再忙也要擁抱你,親吻你,喂養(yǎng)你,給你擦嘴、擦屁股,訓(xùn)練你,教育你,教導(dǎo)你,指引你,聽你說話,給你忠告,鼓勵你,安慰你,然后再鼓勵你。他們對你費盡唇舌、好話說盡,或哄騙、或祈求,苦口婆心。他們贊美你、恭維你,叫你乖乖小甜心。沒錯,你擁有這一切。當然,你的運動會、你的比賽、你的朗誦會、你的科學(xué)展我們都會去參加。毫無疑問,當你走進教室,每個人都為你展露笑容。你發(fā)的每一條推特都會贏得數(shù)百聲驚嘆。哇,你的照片甚至可能還上過《同城人》報紙!而現(xiàn)在,你已經(jīng)拿下了高中……毫無疑問,我們今天相聚在此全是為了你們——你們是這所一流學(xué)校的榮耀和喜悅,是從那幢雄偉的新教學(xué)樓里走出來的第一批學(xué)子……
但是,千萬不要以為你很特別,因為你并不特別。
實證比比皆是,即使是一個英語老師也無法忽視這些數(shù)字。牛頓中學(xué),內(nèi)蒂克中學(xué),還有李——我可以提李約瑟中學(xué)的名字嗎?——那里或多或少應(yīng)該有2000名高中畢業(yè)生吧,而這才僅僅是附近以N開頭的幾所高中的畢業(yè)人數(shù)。在整個美國,目前至少應(yīng)該有320萬名高中生正從3.7萬多所高中畢業(yè)。這也就是說,應(yīng)該有3.7萬名致告別辭的學(xué)生代表,應(yīng)該有3.7萬名學(xué)生會主席……但是,為什么我們只盯著高中呢?畢竟,你馬上就要告別高中了。所以這樣想想看:即使你是百萬人中挑一的人才,在這個擁有68億人口的星球上,也意味著有將近7000人和你一樣。
“可是,戴夫,”你大聲喊道,“詩人沃爾特·惠特曼告訴我,我就是我自己的完美版本!哲學(xué)家愛比克泰德告訴我,我有宙斯的才智!”我并不否認,但這樣一來,就有68億個完美版本,68億個有才智的宙斯。你瞧,如果人人都是特別的,那么誰都不特別。如果人人都能得到獎杯,那么獎杯也就變得毫無意義。我認為,我們對自身平庸的恐懼——這也是怕死的部分表現(xiàn)——引發(fā)了彼此之間達爾文式的適者生存競爭。在這種盡管我們嘴上不說但卻并不那么隱晦的競爭中,我們美國人近來變得越來越喜歡榮譽和贊美之辭,而不是真正的成就,這對我們有害無益。于是我們把這些東西看得無比重要。我們樂于降低標準,或者無視現(xiàn)實,如果我們認定這是最簡便的或是唯一的方法,可以讓我們得到某個可以放在壁爐架上進行炫耀的東西,某個可以拿來一起拍照合影、自吹自擂的東西,某個可以提攜我們、讓我們在社會等級中獲得更高地位的東西。我們看重的不再是游戲的玩法,甚至也不是輸贏,不是學(xué)到了什么,成長了多少,或者是否樂在其中……現(xiàn)在我們看重的是“這東西能給我?guī)硎裁春锰帯?。其結(jié)果就是,我們不再看重奮斗的價值。這種風(fēng)氣具有傳染性,在它傳播肆虐的過程中,就連悠久古老的韋爾斯利高中也無法幸免——韋爾斯利高中算是全國3.7萬所高中中最優(yōu)秀的之一。在這里,“好”已經(jīng)不算足夠好,成績良好不過是成績合格的新叫法,中級水平的課程被稱作大學(xué)先修課程。剛才我說“最優(yōu)秀的之一”,希望各位能明白我的意思。我說“最優(yōu)秀的之一”,這樣我們就可以自我感覺更加良好;這樣我們就可以悠然自得地沉浸于微不足道的優(yōu)越感中,不管這種優(yōu)越感多么含糊不清、多么無法驗證;這樣我們就能把自己劃入精英的行列,也不管這個行列中都有些什么人;這樣我們就能在自我想象的競爭中獲得自我想象的優(yōu)勢。但“最優(yōu)秀的之一”這一說法卻并不合邏輯,就其定義來說,最優(yōu)秀的只能有一個。要么是你,要么不是你。
如果你們在這里的四年生活中學(xué)到了什么,我希望是你們明白了教育的真諦在于獲得學(xué)習(xí)的樂趣,而非物質(zhì)上的優(yōu)勢。我希望你們還能明白,正如古希臘悲劇詩人索??巳R斯告訴我們的:智慧是幸福的主要元素。其次是冰淇淋……僅供參考。我還希望你們學(xué)到的知識足以讓你們意識到自己所知甚少,認識到現(xiàn)在、此時此刻你們所知甚少,因為今天僅僅是個開始。你們從這里走向哪里才是至關(guān)重要的。
那么,從你們畢業(yè)之時到你們隨風(fēng)而逝前,我敦促各位無論做什么事,都只是因為自己喜愛并且相信其重要性才去做的。不要在你不相信的事上浪費時間,正如不要去找一個你根本不愛的伴侶一樣。不要貪圖享受、沾沾自喜,不要追逐耀眼卻華而不實的物質(zhì)享受,不要自我麻痹、自鳴得意。不要浪費自己的優(yōu)勢。還有,讀書,終生都要讀書。把讀書當做一個行為準則,當做關(guān)乎自尊的一件事。把讀書當做人生的營養(yǎng)食糧。要培養(yǎng)并保持道德感,展現(xiàn)道德品質(zhì)并付諸實踐。志存高遠,勤奮努力,獨立思考。對自己所愛之事、所愛之人,要全心全意地去愛。而這一切,都請帶著緊迫感去做,因為時鐘每走一秒,就意味著所剩時間越來越少。正如凡事有始必有終,不管今天下午多么令人愉快,各位都不可能無休止地享受這一盛典,總有曲終人散的時候。
充實的人生、獨特的人生、有意義的人生是一項成就,不會因為你是好人就會從天而降,也不會因為你媽媽可以包辦就能得到。你會發(fā)現(xiàn)開國元勛們費盡周折才保障了你不可剝奪的生存權(quán)利、自由權(quán)利以及追求幸福的權(quán)利——“追求”,一個相當主動的動詞——我認為它沒有給你留什么空閑,讓你能躺在那兒上Youtube網(wǎng)站看鸚鵡溜旱冰。我們的第一位羅斯??偨y(tǒng)是位老騎兵,他倡導(dǎo)我們過艱苦奮斗的生活。梭羅先生想過簡單的生活,希望活得深刻,汲取生命所有的精髓。詩人瑪麗·奧利弗要我們劃著小船,去中流擊水,浪遏飛舟。在這里,有人——我忘了是誰——時常鼓勵年輕的學(xué)者們要把握時機,活在當下。其核心思想都一樣:行動起來,主動出擊。不要等著靈感或者激情來找你。站起來,走出去,去探索,靠自己的力量去發(fā)現(xiàn)它,然后牢牢把握、全力以赴?,F(xiàn)在,趁著你還沒有沖出去在身上刺個YOLO文身,請允許我指出這句小小的時髦表達的不合邏輯之處——因為你的人生可以而且應(yīng)該不止就過那么一次,而應(yīng)該每天都是一個新的人生。與其說“人生只有一次(YOLO)”,倒不如說“人生無法重來(YLOO)”……但因為YLOO給人的感受不太一樣,我們只好聳聳肩,覺得不改也沒什么大不了。
然而,所謂時不我待,或者人生無法重來,都不應(yīng)拿來作為自我放縱的借口。正如榮譽本身一樣,充實的人生是一個結(jié)果,一個給人成就感的副產(chǎn)品。它是你在思考更為重要的事情時自然而然的結(jié)果。
攀登高峰不是為了插上自己的旗幟,而是為了擁抱挑戰(zhàn),享受清新的空氣,飽覽美麗的風(fēng)景。攀上高峰是為了看世界,而不是為了讓世界看到你。去巴黎是為了領(lǐng)略巴黎的風(fēng)情,而不是為了在旅游清單上劃掉巴黎的名字,然后祝賀自己見了世面。行使自由意志、進行創(chuàng)新獨立的思考并不是為了它們能帶給你的滿足感,而是為了它們能帶給他人的福祉,為了68億人以及他們子孫后代的福祉。那時,你也會發(fā)現(xiàn)人類經(jīng)驗中偉大而又不同尋常的真理——無私是你能為自己做的最了不起的事!只有當你意識到自己并不特別時,你才能真正領(lǐng)略到人生最甜美的快樂。
因為每個人都是如此。
1.auspicious [???sp???s] adj. 吉祥的,吉利的
2.rite of passage: 標志人生進入一個新階段的重大事件
3.venue [?venju?] n. (行動、事件等的)發(fā)生地點,舉行場所;會場
4.cliche [?kli??e?] n. 陳詞濫調(diào)
5.playing field: 球場,操場,運動場
6.slacker [?sl?k?(r)] n. 偷懶的人,逃避工作的人
7.pamper [?p?mp?(r)] vt. 縱容,盡量滿足
8.cosset [?k?s?t] vt. 寵愛,溺愛
9.dote [d??t] vi. 溺愛,過分喜愛(on, upon)
10.nudge [n?d?] vt. 勸誘
11.cajole [k??d???l] vt. (用甜言蜜語、虛假諾言等)勸誘,哄騙
12.wheedle [?wi?dl] vt. 用甜言蜜語哄騙
13.implore [?m?pl??(r)] vt. 懇求,乞求
14.fete [fe?t] vt. 贊揚
15.fawn [f??n] vi. 奉承,討好(on, upon, over)
16.Townsman: 此處指The Wellesley Townsman,是美國馬薩諸塞州韋爾斯利當?shù)氐囊患覉蠹?,每周四出版一次,報道當?shù)氐捏w育、商業(yè)、社區(qū)活動等。
17.Needham: 此處指Needham High School。該校創(chuàng)立于1930年,以英國著名科學(xué)家李約瑟(Joseph Needham,1900~1995)之名命名,是波士頓著名的公立學(xué)校之一,與Wellesley High School存在競爭關(guān)系。
18.give or take: 相差不到……,出入至多……
19.valedictorian [?v?l?d?k?t??ri?n] n. <美> (在畢業(yè)典禮上)致告別辭的畢業(yè)生代表(通常是班上成績最好的學(xué)生)
20.Walt Whitman: 沃爾特·惠特曼(1819~1892),美國現(xiàn)代詩歌之父,美國歷史上最偉大的詩人之一,著有詩集《草葉集》(Leaves of Grass)。
21.Epictetus: 愛比克泰德(約55~約135),古羅馬新斯多葛派哲學(xué)家,奴隸出身的自由民,宣揚宿命論,認為只有意志屬于個人,人對命運只能忍受。
22.mortality [m???t?l?ti] n. 死,死亡
23.of late: 最近以來
24.detriment [?detr?m?nt] n. 損害,傷害
25.accolade [??k?le?d] n. 榮譽;獎勵;贊美
26.mantelpiece [?m?ntlpi?s] n. 壁爐架;壁爐臺
27.crow [kr??] vi. 夸口,自夸(over, about)
28.leverage [?li?v?r?d?] vt. 提高
29.totem pole: <美>等級(制)
30.Advanced College Placement: 多為Advanced Placement,即“大學(xué)先修課程”,指美國中學(xué)生在上大學(xué)前所修的能獲得大學(xué)學(xué)分的高級課程。
31.bask [bɑ?sk] vi. (在某種環(huán)境或氛圍中)感到舒適,感到樂趣(in)
32.unverifiable [??n?ver?fa??bl] adj. 無法證實的,無法核實的
33.leg—up [?leɡ?p] n. 優(yōu)勢
34.defy [d??fa?] vt. (公然)違抗,反抗
35.exhilaration [?ɡ?z?l??re??n] n. 振奮;激勵
36.Sophocles: 索??巳R斯(約496~406 BC),古希臘三大悲劇詩人之一,一生創(chuàng)作了123部劇本,傳世巨作有《埃阿斯》(Ajax)、《安提戈涅》(Antigone)、《俄狄浦斯王》(Oedipus the King)等。
37.FYI: 即for your information,意為“供參考”
38.complacency [k?m?ple?snsi] n. 自滿(情緒),沾沾自喜
39.specious [?spi???s] adj. 華而不實的
40.narcotic [nɑ??k?t?k] adj. 麻醉的
41.staple [?ste?pl] n. 不可缺少的食物;主食
42.cessation [se?se??n] n. 停止,休止
43.caterer [?ke?t?r?(r)] n. 提供飲食及服務(wù)的人
44.inalienable [?n?e?li?n?bl] adj. 不可剝奪的;不能放棄的
45.Rough Rider: 莽騎兵,美國第26任總統(tǒng)西奧多·羅斯福(Theodore Roosevelt,1858~1919)為1898年美西戰(zhàn)爭所招募的美國第一志愿騎兵團的騎兵
46.strenuous [?strenju?s] adj. 艱苦的;發(fā)奮的
47.drive sb. into a corner: 置某人于困境
48.marrow [?m?r??] n. 精華;精髓;實質(zhì)
49.Mary Oliver: 瑪麗·奧利弗(1935~),美國當代女詩人,以書寫大自然而著稱。
50.roil [r??l] vi. 翻騰
51.carpe the heck out of diem: 抓緊時機;把握當下
52.have at: 著手對付
53.self—indulgence: 自我放縱
54.gratifying [?ɡr?t?fa???] adj. 予人滿足的