今年是龍年 (the year of the dragon)。“龍”在英語中的對應(yīng)詞是 dragon。
“龍” 和 dragon 都是神話動物(mythical animal)或傳說動物(legendary animal)。但是東方和西方對龍的描述是不同的?!冬F(xiàn)代漢語詞典》說“龍是我國古代傳說中的神異動物,身體長,有鱗,有角,有腳,能走,能飛,能游泳,能興云降雨”。(The dragon was a miraculous animal in ancient Chinese traditional legends, with a long body, scales, horns and feet, which could walk, fly, swim and gather clouds to pour down rain.)《牛津高階英語詞典》說 ,The dragon is a large aggressive animal with wings and a long tail, that can breathe out fire. (龍是一種大型的好斗動物,有翼和長尾巴,能吐火。)
龍在西方不具有太多的文化內(nèi)涵(cultural connotation)。
dragon另有一個意思是a woman who behaves in an aggressive and frightening way,即“母老虎”。成語 to sow dragon's teeth(“種龍牙”),源自希臘神話,指做能挑起爭端的事情。例如: 1. Wherever he went, he sowed dragon's teeth by preaching racial segregation.他無論去哪里,都借助鼓吹種族隔離,挑起爭端。德國詩人海涅有過“撒播龍種,收獲跳蚤”的詩句,表明“付出極大努力,卻獲得令人失望的結(jié)果”。例如:2. I have sown dragon seeds and have reaped/harvested fleas. 我播撒的是龍種,收獲的卻是跳蚤。在中國,龍被看作是文化圖騰(cultural totem)和民族形象(national image)?!褒埖膫魅恕笔莇escendants of the dragon,“賽龍舟”是dragon-boat race,“舞龍燈”是 dragon-lantern dance。近年來,影視作品、奇幻小說、動漫和網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲中出現(xiàn)許多與 dragon相關(guān)的詞匯,如:raise and keep a dragon(蓄養(yǎng)龍), train/tame a dragon(馴龍)等?!?/p>
(本欄目供稿:王逢鑫教授)