最近，嘉興市政府撥款給油車港鎮(zhèn)修繕“龔寶銓故居”，并立碑“嘉興市級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位”，門前大路命名為“寶銓路”。龔寶銓故居坐落于寶銓路41號(hào)?！褒弻氥尮示蛹o(jì)念館”將于10月10日開(kāi)放，紀(jì)念辛亥革命100周年，彰顯這位勇于推翻清王朝封建統(tǒng)治、反對(duì)外國(guó)列強(qiáng)侵略中國(guó)、建立民主共和國(guó)的辛亥革命功臣。

崢嶸少年

龔寶銓，男，1886年3月生于嘉興縣油車港鎮(zhèn)馬厙匯一戶貧困農(nóng)民家庭，排行老四。寶銓從小讀書刻苦，一放學(xué)就參加田間勞動(dòng)，深夜還點(diǎn)著油燈看書做作業(yè)，16歲那年以優(yōu)秀成績(jī)考取嘉興秀水學(xué)堂，學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)?yōu)槿嘀?。他尊敬師長(zhǎng)，團(tuán)結(jié)同學(xué)，有“見(jiàn)利不惑，臨難不撓”氣質(zhì)，成為崢嶸少年。

龔寶銓所讀書的嘉興秀水學(xué)堂（現(xiàn)嘉興秀州中學(xué)）是一所教會(huì)學(xué)堂。1902年春，學(xué)校購(gòu)置一臺(tái)大鐘，美國(guó)傳教士花第生來(lái)校參觀訪問(wèn)，看見(jiàn)那臺(tái)鐘感到好奇，問(wèn)?？偫硖招蚀婵煞袂靡幌?，陶總理點(diǎn)頭回答：“可以，可以！”于是花第生敲了兩下，鐘聲響遍全校，在操場(chǎng)上活動(dòng)的學(xué)生當(dāng)作敲鐘吃晚飯了，大家紛紛進(jìn)食堂。因吃飯時(shí)間不到不能開(kāi)飯，食堂炊事員匯報(bào)總務(wù)處，總務(wù)處干事不明敲鐘真相，盲目批評(píng)學(xué)生違犯學(xué)校紀(jì)律，要處分學(xué)生。學(xué)生受冤屈不服氣與總務(wù)處干事頂撞起來(lái)。龔寶銓理直氣壯地說(shuō)：“敲鐘的是美國(guó)傳教士，同學(xué)們是按鐘聲行動(dòng)，沒(méi)有違犯校紀(jì)，請(qǐng)校總理出來(lái)作證！”陶惺存總理外出不能前來(lái)作證，總務(wù)處聯(lián)系教務(wù)處還是錯(cuò)誤地處理了龔寶銓等10位同學(xué)退學(xué)。

投身革命

龔寶銓含冤退學(xué)回家不久，跟隨同學(xué)留學(xué)日本，是同行中年齡最小的一個(gè)，也是家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)最困難一人，無(wú)錢進(jìn)日本東京大學(xué)讀書。寶銓在焦急之中，遇見(jiàn)救命恩人章太炎先生，章先生收他為學(xué)徒，吃住在章太炎處，幫助章太炎編輯《民報(bào)》，宣傳民主革命思想，反清廷皇室封建統(tǒng)治及媚外崇洋的賣國(guó)行為，獲得日本華僑華人、留日學(xué)生和南洋廣大華僑華人的擁護(hù)。他們以龔寶銓為榜樣，紛紛加入光復(fù)會(huì)、同盟會(huì)。龔寶銓被推選為同盟會(huì)副職，分管組織人事及檔案工作。龔寶銓寫得一手好文章，在《民報(bào)》上抨擊清廷賣國(guó)行為，追求民主革命新潮流，受到陳其美、蔡元培的贊譽(yù)。章太炎器重、喜愛(ài)龔寶銓，將女兒許配給他，使龔寶銓更大膽而扎實(shí)工作。1904年4月，龔寶銓結(jié)識(shí)周樹人（魯迅），在東京發(fā)起組織《浙江同鄉(xiāng)會(huì)》，出刊《浙江潮》雜志，抗議沙俄侵占我東北三省領(lǐng)土，并返滬與陳其美、蔡元培商議成立“中國(guó)軍教育會(huì)”，揭露清廷特務(wù)暗殺隊(duì)罪行，保護(hù)革命黨人。1905年初，龔寶銓偕陶成章來(lái)嘉興與敖嘉熊，褚輔成等人商議浙江革命軍事宜，成立“浙江新軍”，在嘉興建立“溫臺(tái)處會(huì)館”，開(kāi)展練武軍訓(xùn)。

此間，清廷派遣大批特務(wù)到日本各大城市搞“暗殺”活動(dòng)，查封《民報(bào)》，龔寶銓冒著生命危險(xiǎn)深夜燒毀浙江駐日本同盟會(huì)、光復(fù)會(huì)人員名冊(cè)，保護(hù)了大批華僑華人中“兩會(huì)”成員免遭殺害。龔寶銓支持浙江革命黨人秋瑾、陶成章、徐錫麟諸人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)創(chuàng)辦紹興大通師范學(xué)堂，培養(yǎng)青年民主革命人才。龔寶銓來(lái)到浙東、浙南地區(qū)，翻山越水，日行七八十里訪問(wèn)發(fā)展同盟會(huì)、光復(fù)會(huì)成員，壯大革命組織。他還到安徽蕪湖中學(xué)任教，建立據(jù)點(diǎn)，壯大同盟會(huì)，發(fā)展蘇浙皖邊區(qū)革命力量。龔寶銓還去南洋群島，在華僑華人中也發(fā)展同盟會(huì)、光復(fù)會(huì)成員2000多人，受到孫中山先生贊譽(yù)。

龔寶銓的反清民主革命行動(dòng)受到廣大人民群眾擁護(hù)和保護(hù)，遭清政府追捕，龔寶銓多次更名為未生、味生、微蓀、國(guó)元等，在群眾保護(hù)下免遭清廷“暗殺隊(duì)”謀害，在浙江省聯(lián)系發(fā)展了同盟會(huì)、光復(fù)會(huì)成員5000多人，其中，在嘉興的敖嘉熊、陳仲權(quán)、褚輔成、方于笥、計(jì)宗型的共同努力下，發(fā)展同盟會(huì)、光復(fù)會(huì)成員達(dá)2000多人，壯大了嘉興民主革命隊(duì)伍。

光復(fù)嘉興

1911年10月10日，武昌起義勝利消息傳到日本，龔寶銓回國(guó)來(lái)到嘉興，與同盟會(huì)、光復(fù)會(huì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)成員商議嘉興如何舉行起義之事。龔寶銓、褚輔成聯(lián)系省新軍葛敬恩，由顧乃斌為督導(dǎo)官，率領(lǐng)新軍第八十二標(biāo)三營(yíng)武裝部隊(duì)，于11月7日凌晨出兵進(jìn)軍嘉興，龔寶銓、敖嘉熊、褚輔成、方于笥在精嚴(yán)寺指揮，清政府官吏、軍警頭目統(tǒng)領(lǐng)沈沂山、趙廷玉、張學(xué)智等人聞?dòng)嵣钜固优堋．?dāng)天新軍部隊(duì)到達(dá)嘉興南門三號(hào)橋，由同盟會(huì)會(huì)員馬濟(jì)生持旗接應(yīng)。新軍部隊(duì)繞嘉興城一周，進(jìn)駐精嚴(yán)寺，全城大街小巷插滿旗幟，百姓夾道歡迎新軍。第二天（11月8日），新軍進(jìn)駐都督府（子城），改組清軍留守人員，宣布成立“嘉興縣新軍分府”。辛亥革命使清朝自順治入關(guān)稱帝268年的封建王朝專制統(tǒng)治結(jié)束，民主共和新中國(guó)誕生。浙江及嘉興也由此光復(fù)。

浙江省光復(fù)后，成立“浙江省軍政府”。龔寶銓被推任浙江省圖書館館長(zhǎng)。翌年，孫中山將“大總統(tǒng)”大權(quán)讓給袁世凱，袁稱帝復(fù)辟封建王朝，瘋狂鎮(zhèn)壓革命黨人，將章太炎軟禁于北京，株連女婿龔寶銓受審查。龔寶銓“臨難不撓”，潛回浙江發(fā)動(dòng)群眾倒袁，保護(hù)辛亥革命勝利成果。

1916年秋，全國(guó)性反袁運(yùn)動(dòng)取得勝利后，改組浙江省軍政府，成立省參議會(huì)，龔寶銓任外交顧問(wèn)、省參議會(huì)副參議長(zhǎng)，但龔寶銓仍拿圖書館館長(zhǎng)薪金，不要外交補(bǔ)貼費(fèi)，也不拿省副參議長(zhǎng)工資，保持清廉艱苦精神。

在工作中他經(jīng)常下基層調(diào)查研究，傾聽(tīng)老百姓意見(jiàn)，鏟除地方貪官污吏，深受老百姓贊譽(yù)。龔寶銓的前妻是章太炎女兒，在太章先生受袁世凱迫害時(shí)吊死；后妻是褚輔成妹妹，住嘉興，由于龔寶銓長(zhǎng)期外出工作很少回嘉興，故未能生育子女。龔寶銓在艱苦的環(huán)境中長(zhǎng)期投身革命運(yùn)動(dòng)，常常累得抱病工作。大家勸他注意休息保養(yǎng)身體，寶銓回答說(shuō)：“寧為民眾獻(xiàn)身，不讓百姓吃苦?！饼弻氥屢簧鸀槊裰鞲锩鼩椌邞]，鞠躬盡瘁。不幸的是他在外出工作中傳染上疫癥，于1922年6月猝死，年僅37歲。龔寶銓被追認(rèn)為辛亥革命烈士。1925年7月2日（民國(guó)十四年五月十二日），嘉興縣各界人士公祭七烈士，龔寶銓就是其中杰出的一位。

嘉興市秀州區(qū)政府、區(qū)政協(xié)文史委與油車港鎮(zhèn)政府?dāng)M出刊《龔寶銓烈士》專輯，在紀(jì)念辛亥革命100周年大會(huì)上發(fā)行，以弘揚(yáng)龔寶銓熱愛(ài)祖國(guó)、熱愛(ài)人民、“見(jiàn)利不惑，臨難不撓”、艱苦樸素的精神?！?/p>

Gong Baoquan， a Revolutionist of the 1911 Revolution

By Chen Qiwen

It is true that the 1911 Revolution of China was brief. It started on October 10， 1911 and ended on February 12， 1912. But by the time the revolution was over， the Qing Dynasty was gone; the 4，000-year monarchy system in China was gone， a brand new chapter of modern China began， and a galaxy of revolutionary heroes had their names carved into history.

One of the numerous heroes is Gong Baoquan (1886-1922)， a native of Jiaxing， Zhejiang Province.

In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the 1911 Revolution， Jiaxing municipal government has been restoring Gong Baoquan’s former residence， now a cultural heritage under the protection of Jiaxing. It is scheduled to open to the general public on Oct 10， 2011.

Not many people know about Gong Baoquan. As a matter of fact， he was one of the most active heroes dedicated to the revolutionary undertakings in the ten years up to the revolution. Moreover， he is one of the historical and cultural celebrities of Jiaxing.

Born in Makuhui Town， Gong Baoquan was the fourth child of the family. His father was a doctor and his mother from a family of scholars. Influenced by his mother， Gong developed a passion for literature in early boyhood years. He was admitted to Xiushui Junior High School at age sixteen but dropped out in 1900 because of an incident based on misunderstanding concerning a visiting American missionary.

During that time， China was faced with the troubles at home and aggression from Western imperialist powers. In order to pursue a better education opportunity and overthrow the incompetent Qing government， the young man went to Japan in 1902 for further education. There， he met Zhang Taiyan， a Chinese democratic revolutionist and thinker who had later exerted a great influence on the young man’s life.

Appreciating Gong’s literary talent and patriotic aspiration， Zhang Taiyan took him as an apprentice. They edited “Citizen Newspaper”， a political journal， together to disseminate ideas of democracy and revolution and promote the fight against the puppet regime. Gong published articles in the journal， blasting the Qing government’s treasonable acts and seeking democracy. His writings and thoughts received high praise from the big shots in Chinese democratic revolutionary circles. The journal was reviewed favorably and won great support of overseas Chinese and students study abroad.

Gong was more than a writer about revolution. He took active part in preparing for revolutionary undertakings which aimed at overturning the Qing government. He finished his study in Japan and went back to China in 1904. At the same year， a Chinese revolutionary alliance named “Restoration League” was founded in Shanghai. Together with Cai Yuanpei， Tao Chengzhang and other comrades， Gong Baoquan was one of the founding fathers. He also joined another revolutionary alliance “United League” in the following year. Gong traveled through Zhejiang， Jiangsu， and Anhui， propagating revolutionary thought and recruiting new members.

Gong also placed emphasis on personnel training. He jointly founded the Datong School in Shaoxing， Zhejiang Province with Tao Chengzhang， Xu Xilin and some other comrades. Young people received training for revolution. In 1905， he and Tao Chengzhang employed at a junior high school in Wuhu， a city on the Yangtze River in Anhui Province. The two did secret revolutionary works under the cover of teaching. After the failure of an uprising launched by the United League in 1907 in Pingxiang， Jiangxi Province， Gong Baoquan and Tao Chengzhang were forced to flee to Indonesia. They founded a school there and continued their revolutionary undertakings.

After the restoration of Zhejiang in 1911， Gong went back to Zhejiang and served as Chief Librarian of Zhejiang Library in 1912. During his 10-year tenure of office， he contributed a great deal to the cultural programs of Zhejiang. He published a series of books about Zhang Taiyan to disseminate Zhang’s thoughts. The Librarian started an ambitious project. He sent people to Beijing in a bid to copy the “Imperial Collection of Four”， the largest collection of books in Chinese history and probably the most ambitious editorial enterprise in the history of the world.

Gong passed away from pulmonary disease in June， 1922 at the age of 37. In the last ten years of his life， the revolutionary turned his mind and soul to Buddhism， and this is probably why he was buried near the Lingyin Temple， the most famous Buddhist sanctuary of Hangzhou. In 1925， Jiaxing County held a public ceremony in honor of local martyrs. In 1931， Jiaxing Government erected a monument in honor of the local 1911 Revolution heroes and Gong Baoquan was one of the seven martyrs officially named and honored. □