考其平生，以大勛章作扇墜，臨總統(tǒng)府之門，大詬袁世凱的包藏禍心者，并世無第二人；七被追捕，三入牢獄，而革命之志終不屈撓者，并世亦無第二人：這才是先哲的精神，后生的楷范。

——魯迅《關于太炎先生二三事》

1869年1月12日，一個新的生命誕生于古老的江南小鎮(zhèn)——浙江余杭倉前。他就是后來聞名中外的章太炎。

章太炎，號太炎，后又改名炳麟。他是我國近代杰出的資產(chǎn)階級革命家和著名的學者。魯迅曾十分推崇他那“英雄一入獄，天地亦悲秋”的視死如歸的英雄氣概和“七被追捕，三入牢獄，而革命之志，終不屈撓”的豪杰精神。辛亥革命后，章太炎退居書齋，鉆研學問，成為一代儒宗。在學術上，他涉獵甚廣，在經(jīng)學、哲學、文學、語言學、文字學、音韻學、邏輯學等方面都有所建樹，一生著述頗豐。自1982年起陸續(xù)出版的《章太炎全集》，網(wǎng)羅繁富，有中國文化百科全書之稱。

歷史上的某些“鏡頭”，重新回放，會給人一種震撼。

太炎先生的一生中有不少可圈可點、發(fā)人深思的故事。在辛亥革命百年紀念之際擇其二三予以“回放”，給人以鮮活的感覺和新的震撼。

章太炎大鬧總統(tǒng)府

1913年3月20日，著名革命黨人宋教仁在上?；疖囌颈淮虤⒘?，震醒了本來對袁世凱抱有幻想的章太炎。1914年1月7日，章太炎腳蹬一雙破棉靴，身穿一件羊皮襖，手持宋教仁遺下的羽毛扇，以袁世凱頒發(fā)的二級勛章作扇墜，于清晨8時直往總統(tǒng)府，歪歪斜斜地坐在招待所的頭一張大椅上，不住地揮著扇子，光溜溜的勛章隨扇子搖晃。

章太炎指名要見袁世凱，一次又一次吆喝傳事人通報。袁世凱自然是拒而不見。章太炎聽說袁世凱不見他，他越要請見。忽然聽傳事人報總統(tǒng)接見向瑞琨次長，章太炎跳起來道：“向瑞琨是什么東西？一個小孩子見得，難道我見不得嗎？”他越說越氣，大吵大鬧之時，竟然摔碎了茶碗。后來財政總長梁士飴出面，章太炎大怒，大罵：“你是何物？乃雞鳴狗盜之輩，敢在‘老爺’面前逞威！”梁士飴被罵得灰溜溜退去。

直到下午5點多，陸建章來到，向章太炎鞠躬后說：“總統(tǒng)有重要公事，勞久候，殊歉。今遣某迎先生入見?！?/p>

章太炎隨陸建章出來，登上馬車，出東轅門。章太炎萬沒想到，自己又被騙了。有“屠夫”稱號的京師憲兵頭子陸建章奉袁世凱之命，把章太炎送到城外龍泉寺幽禁起來。章太炎一連好幾天不見客人前來，知道是遭到禁閉，便絕食表示抗議。

章太炎被囚禁北京長達三年，曾有高層的故舊前往總統(tǒng)府為他緩頰：“袁總統(tǒng)有精兵十萬，為何畏懼一書生，不使他恢復自由，甚而還害怕見面？”

袁世凱回答道：“太炎的文筆，可橫掃千軍，亦是可怕的東西?！?/p>

袁世凱1916年6月6日在全國人民討伐聲中一命嗚呼。10天后，章太炎方獲自由。

魯迅先生曾高度評價章太炎，他說：“考其平生，以大勛章作扇墜，臨總統(tǒng)府之門，大詬袁世凱的包藏禍心者，并世無第二人……這才是先哲的精神，后生的楷范?！?/p>

章太炎自題墓碑

章太炎大鬧總統(tǒng)府后，懾于章太炎的聲望，袁世凱不敢輕易加害，只是對他軟禁。隨著袁世凱復辟帝制活動的加速，章太炎遭受的迫害也加深，他決心以死相拼，在七尺宣紙上大書“速死”二字，懸掛壁上。章太炎一生仰慕劉伯溫、張蒼水，希望死后能與劉、張地下為鄰，葬于劉、張墓側(cè)。章太炎托老友青田人杜志遠向劉伯溫后裔求購墓地，劉氏后裔劉祝群同意他的請求，于是，章太炎毅然自題“章太炎之墓”五個大字，寄給杜志遠。章太炎夫人湯國梨女士有一首《高陽臺》詞也是記此事的，其下闋云：“英雄一例終黃土，痛蕭條遺櫬，來與為鄰。杯酒傾懷，興亡把臂重論。豐碑五字新題句，為人間鴻雪留痕，倘他年，野老村童，閑話遺聞?！辈痪?，袁世凱帝夢驚破，一命嗚呼，章太炎獲得了自由，并南下定居蘇州，而墓碑手跡也就保存在杜志遠家中。

定居蘇州后，章太炎重病纏身，身體日趨衰弱。1936年6月14日，在蘇州錦帆路寓所溘然長逝，享年69歲。為安全計，章太炎夫人湯國黎女士決定暫時把章太炎的靈柩安葬在蘇州寓所的后花園內(nèi)，擬待日后再作打算。

1949年10月1日，中華人民共和國成立。周恩來總理十分關心章太炎的遺體安葬問題，不僅高度評價章太炎革命與學問的一生，認為“太炎先生是一代儒宗、樸學大師，學問與革命業(yè)績赫然，是我們浙江人民的驕傲”，而且親自函告江蘇、浙江兩省政府，指示隆重安排此事。此后，江浙兩省聯(lián)合成立了“太炎先生治喪委員會”。

1955年4月3日，章太炎的遺體隆重安葬。葬禮由馬一浮先生主持，全國政協(xié)、江浙兩省黨政機關送了花圈。墓落成后，被浙江省人民政府列為省級重點文物保護單位。

章太炎自題墓碑條幅，經(jīng)裝裱成軸，條幅中部縱書篆體“章太炎之墓”五個墨字?？v130厘米，橫30.5厘米。1955年，章太炎靈柩從蘇州運到杭州下葬時，章太炎自題墓碑手跡由杜志遠之子杜偉獻出，治喪委員會制成墓碑立于墓前。章太炎以他最擅長的小篆自題的墓碑，字體遒勁挺拔，舒展自如，體現(xiàn)了寧死不屈、大義凜然的氣質(zhì)，為后人所欽佩。

章太炎的墓建在張蒼水墓東側(cè)約50米處，兩墓平行，面向西湖，背靠南屏山。圓形拱墓，青石砌成，墓道兩側(cè)松柏成行，修竹相映，顯得古雅、樸實、莊重。墓碑有一人高，毫無雕琢修飾，上面刻有太炎先生親筆手書“章太炎之墓”五個蒼健醒目的篆體大字。太炎先生生前希望與抗清民族英雄張蒼水地下為鄰的愿望終于實現(xiàn)了。

在樓外樓邂逅蔣介石

章太炎在杭州時，常去杭州名菜館樓外樓吃飯。有一次，章太炎師徒三人漫步西湖，踅進樓外樓小酌。樓外樓店主親自出面接待。章太炎就點了宋嫂魚羹、西湖醋魚、隨園方脯（蜜汁火方）及東坡肉等幾只菜。店主見了一笑，說：“這點菜不夠的，小店請客，先生隨意品嘗。”于是陸續(xù)上了十來只菜，先生面對湖光山色細品慢酌，大為開懷。

太炎先生酒酣之時，見已拼好三張八仙桌，鋪好筆墨紙硯，就問店主人想要寫什么？店主笑稱，先生隨便，寫什么都好。

章太炎自得其樂飲酒時，未發(fā)覺另有三位客人上樓，正是蔣介石和夫人宋美齡，由杭州市長周象賢陪同。原來蔣介石一向欣賞樓外樓的杭州特色名菜，特別愛吃西湖醋魚。蔣氏夫婦未曾注意，而周象賢早已見到章太炎在樓上，當三人吃好臨走時，周即告蔣，那邊在寫字的是章太炎。蔣介石與章太炎本是舊交，就走過去招呼：“太炎先生，你好嗎？”宋美齡亦上來問好。章太炎連忙回答：“托福托福，太炎蠻好，謝謝！”蔣又問近況，太炎回答：“就靠一枝筆騙飯吃?！笔Y說：“太炎先生，我等你一下，我的車子送你回去?！闭逻B連搖手說：“用勿到，用勿到?！笔Y又說：“太炎先生有什么事盡可關照象賢?！笔虚L周象賢也說：“老前輩有事盡管吩咐，切不可客氣。”章說：“多謝，多謝！”見章太炎堅持不坐汽車，蔣介石無法，就把自己隨身手杖贈送給他。章太炎對這手杖倒很喜歡，連聲道謝收下。

第二天，杭州各報刊花邊新聞報道蔣家夫婦同章太炎在樓外樓相會之事。隔一天，上?！渡陥蟆贰缎侣剤蟆?，南京《中央日報》也刊登了杭州特稿。這無疑是為樓外樓店主免費做了廣告，中外人士慕名來店品嘗的就更多了。對此，樓外樓主人非常高興，可是看看章太炎的題書，卻郁郁不快。原來，章太炎寫的是張蒼水就義前絕命詩，店主以為不吉利。

后來，他拿給熟客中飽學文人展閱。該客笑視店主，說老板開餐館做生意確有一手，但欣賞書法、詩詞就外行了。他告訴店主人，張蒼水即張煌言，字玄著，是寧波人。堅持海上抗清十九年，受南明永歷皇帝封兵部尚書?？滴跞辏?664）被捕，英勇不屈，就義后墓葬在杭城，其氣節(jié)為世人所尊重。章太炎對張蒼水極其崇拜。

此客向店主建議，張蒼水就義前詩詞及條幅極多，可多備好紙，邀章太炎每天來，寫成長卷，其價值極高。這使樓外樓店主如大夢頓醒，連連道謝。此客還抄錄張蒼水詩文《憶西湖》《武林獄中》等交給店主，以備太炎先生書寫時記不清之需。

次日，樓外樓主人寫了大紅請?zhí)?，稱剛到河蝦海鮮，敬請?zhí)紫壬熌钙穱L，連回程四輛黃包車也是老板雇好惠鈔。這樣，吃了七八次，全部寫完，太炎先生還特意在卷尾加入了一段跋語。□

Two Anecdotes in the Life of Zhang Taiyan

By Shi Meng

Zhang Taiyan (1869-1936) was a famed revolutionary and preeminent scholar in the early 20th century. He was born in Cangqian， a small rural town in Yuhang， now a district of Hangzhou， Zhejiang Province. A staunch revolutionary， he was on the most-wanted list seven times and thrown into jail three times before and after the 1911 Revolution. He retired from politics gradually after the 1911 Revolution. Zhang is widely recognized as a scholar who established himself in various fields. The Complete Works of Zhang Taiyan， the first volume of which was published in 1982， are considered an encyclopedia on Chinese culture.

Under House Arrest

After Song Jiaoren (1882-1913) was assassinated at a railway station in Shanghai by a hit man sent by Yuan Shikai， then president of the Republic of China， Zhang was totally disillusioned about Yuan for his leadership of the young republic. In August， 1913， Zhang went to Beijing and went to the presidential office， requesting for an interview with the president. Dressed in a sheep-skin parka and holding a feather fan from Song Jiaoren decorated with a medal issued by Yuan Shikai， Zhang Taiyan sat in a big chair in the most disrespectful way. The medal was most conspicuous. But the president refused to see him. Zhang waited till 5 o’clock in the afternoon when the gendarme commander Lu Jianzhang came to see Zhang， announcing he was instructed to take Zhang to meet the president. Zhang was taken away and placed under house arrest.

A friend of Zhang Taiyan asked Yuan why the strongman with well-trained and well-armed 100，000 soldiers under his command would fear meeting a scholar like Zhang Taiyan. Yuan confessed that Zhang’s pen was powerful enough to defeat an army.

Yuan Shikai dared not have Zhang killed， for the scholar and staunch revolutionary was a well known figure in China. Under house arrest， Zhang wanted to die. He inscribed the words “Tomb of Zhang Taiyan” for the use of his own tomb and sent the inscription to a friend named Du Zhiyuan. Zhang asked Du to buy a burial ground near the tomb of Liu Bowen， a native of Qingtian County， Zhejiang Province and famed minister of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)， whom Zhang admired a great deal. The Liu family agreed.

But Zhang did not die and did not have a chance to be buried with his hero. He was under house arrest for more than three years. During his imprisonment， Yuan Shikai abolished the republic and declared himself the Chinese emperor. Infuriated， the whole nation went up against Yuan for restoring the feudal system. On June 6， 1916， Yuan Shikai passed away. Ten days later， Zhang was released.

In his last years， Zhang and his wife Tang Guoli lived in Suzhou and he passed away on June 14， 1936 at the age of 69. At that time， the all-out war was about to break loose and Japanese bombers occasionally came to Suzhou. So Zhang was buried in the backyard of the house so that the burial could be appropriately arranged after the war. After the founding of New China in October， 1949， Premier Zhou Enlai instructed the governments of Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces to honor Master Zhang Taiyan by reburying him.

The provinces set up a joint committee for the grand reburial. The tomb was built about 50 meters on the right of the tomb of Zhang Cangshui， a hero of the Ming Dynasty that fought the invading Qing army. In the eyes of Zhang who had fought for a China free of the Manchurian rulers， to be buried near the hero who battled the invading Manchurians and refused to surrender to the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) was a great honor. Engraved on the headstone was the epitaph Zhang Taiyan inscribed for himself during his house arrest in the 1910s. The handwriting was donated by the son of Du Zhiyuan.

On April 3， 1955， a solemn ceremony was held and the tomb was inscribed as a key cultural heritage under the protection of Zhejiang Provincial Government.

Chance Meeting with Chiang Kai-shek at Louwailou Restaurant

Zhang Taiyan visited Hangzhou many times in his lifetime and the lakeside Louwailou Restaurant near the Solitary Hill in the middle of the West Lake was his favorite food shop. One day， Zhang Taiyan and his two disciples came to the restaurant after a lake tour. They ordered three best dishes on the menu and meant to have a brief drink only. The restaurateur was very happy to recognize Zhang and served more than 10 complimentary courses. After the dinner， Zhang wrote calligraphic works for the restaurateur. While Zhang was at the restaurant， Chiang Kai-shek (1887-1975) and his wife Madam Soong May-ling (1898-2003)， accompanied by Hangzhou Mayor Zhou Xiangxian， came to the famous lakeside restaurant for dinner. After the dinner， Chiang came up to meet Zhang. They chatted and Chiang offered a car ride for Zhang and his two disciples， but Zhang declined. Chiang gave his walking stick to Zhang as a gift. Zhang liked it very much.

The restaurateur was not particularly happy about Zhang’s calligraphic work， however. It turned out to be the very poem the resistance hero wrote before he was executed. The restaurateur regarded it as ill-fated， but he changed his mind after learning from a scholar friend that Zhang Cangshui was a martyr with a lot of poetic works. If Zhang Taiyan could copy the hero’s poems in calligraphic works and gave them to the restaurateur， these calligraphic works would be extremely valuable. The restaurateur thought it a smart idea. He happily prepared all the tools for copying and invited Zhang Taiyan over for tasting fresh seafood. The restaurateur even had texts of the poems close at hand in case Zhang Taiyan would not be able to remember all the poems.

Zhang Taiyan was only too happy to come. He was invited many times and finally copied all the best poems by Zhang Cangshui. □