影片題材宏大

拍攝《建黨偉業(yè)》這部獻(xiàn)禮片，是中國(guó)電影集團(tuán)在2009年《建國(guó)大業(yè)》劇上映獲得觀眾好評(píng)和高上座率后決定的。當(dāng)時(shí)初定的影片名稱為《建黨大業(yè)》，兩部影片系姐妹片，后來經(jīng)有關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和專家建議，將片名改成了《建黨偉業(yè)》。

《建黨偉業(yè)》展示了從1911年辛亥革命前后到1921年中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立這段時(shí)期內(nèi)的曲折歷史故事與眾多風(fēng)云人物，主要以李大釗、陳獨(dú)秀、毛澤東、周恩來、蔡和森、向警予等第一批中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨黨員為中心，講述他們?cè)陲L(fēng)雨飄搖的時(shí)代為國(guó)家赴湯蹈火的精彩故事，可以說是一部題材恢弘的建黨歷史巨片。

整部電影劇情分為三個(gè)部分：第一部分講述1911年辛亥革命期間，孫中山等革命者推翻了清政府，取得了辛亥革命的初步勝利；后來又將竊取辛亥革命成果的袁世凱趕下了皇帝的寶座，使中國(guó)走上了民主主義之路。第二部分?jǐn)⑹隼畲筢摗㈥惇?dú)秀等中國(guó)社會(huì)精英，積極探索革命道路。1919年北京大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)蔡元培及鄧中夏等中國(guó)優(yōu)秀的知識(shí)分子發(fā)起“五四運(yùn)動(dòng)”，組織學(xué)生上街游行，他們高舉反帝反封建的大旗，提出拒絕在《巴黎和約》上簽字、廢除“二十一條”、外爭(zhēng)國(guó)權(quán)內(nèi)懲國(guó)賊的主張，點(diǎn)燃了青年一代的革命火種。第三部分是全劇的重點(diǎn)，演繹了1921年7月底至8月初，具有開天辟地歷史意義的中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第一次代表大會(huì)的動(dòng)人情景。大會(huì)先在上海望志路106號(hào)秘密召開，后發(fā)現(xiàn)有可疑情況，安全轉(zhuǎn)移到浙江嘉興南湖一艘紅色的畫舫上繼續(xù)舉行，毛澤東、何叔衡、董必武、李達(dá)、張國(guó)燾、王盡美、包慧僧、陳潭秋、鄧恩銘、周佛海、陳公博等13名中共一大代表，在船上通過了《中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨綱領(lǐng)》，并選舉產(chǎn)生了黨的中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)，從而翻開了中國(guó)革命嶄新一頁?！督h偉業(yè)》展示了毛澤東等年輕一代共產(chǎn)黨人的高尚革命情操。

這部影片的時(shí)間跨度長(zhǎng)、歷史事件多、風(fēng)云人物眾，其展示的情景可以說氣勢(shì)恢弘。如此紛繁復(fù)雜的歷史背景，對(duì)史料的把握至關(guān)重要，電影劇本前后改了40稿。導(dǎo)演和編劇創(chuàng)作的原則是“大事不虛，小事不拘”，即重大歷史事件必須真實(shí)，小的細(xì)節(jié)允許藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作。

在《建黨偉業(yè)》中，除了展示大量的歷史事件外，毛澤東和楊開慧的感情戲被當(dāng)做一條重要線索貫穿全片，成為一個(gè)亮點(diǎn)。這場(chǎng)感情戲在試映和公映時(shí)就得到了有關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、專家和廣大觀眾的認(rèn)可，尤其是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的女性觀眾，她們都表示看到了一個(gè)更加人性化的毛澤東，這位領(lǐng)袖的形象更加豐滿，也更加完整。同時(shí)絕大多數(shù)影迷表示影片所展現(xiàn)的民族感情也十分具有張力，在看五四運(yùn)動(dòng)、共產(chǎn)黨成立等幾場(chǎng)重要戲份時(shí)，不少觀眾都感動(dòng)得落淚。

演員陣容強(qiáng)大

影片的總導(dǎo)演韓三平，是《建國(guó)大業(yè)》的總導(dǎo)演。他于1977年進(jìn)入四川峨眉電影制片廠，1983年到北京電影學(xué)院導(dǎo)演系進(jìn)修班學(xué)習(xí)，畢業(yè)后回到峨眉電影制片廠任導(dǎo)演、副廠長(zhǎng)。韓三平曾編導(dǎo)過反映毛澤東1947年東渡黃河到1972年會(huì)見美國(guó)總統(tǒng)尼克松這近30年的生活片斷的故事片《毛澤東的故事》。1994年，他調(diào)任北京電影制片廠廠長(zhǎng)，積極支持鼓勵(lì)馮小剛等年輕人搞創(chuàng)作，以出品人身份組織、創(chuàng)作生產(chǎn)了100多部影片。中國(guó)電影集團(tuán)公司成立后，韓三平先后出任集團(tuán)副董事長(zhǎng)兼副總經(jīng)理、董事長(zhǎng)。從《無極》《投名狀》到《赤壁》《梅蘭芳》，由韓三平領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的中影團(tuán)隊(duì)推出一系列高成本高回收的商業(yè)電影，使得中國(guó)電影開始進(jìn)入成熟的大片時(shí)代。特別是2009年《建國(guó)大業(yè)》的拍攝成功，讓他成為中國(guó)電影界的元老級(jí)人物。另一位導(dǎo)演黃建新也是《建國(guó)大業(yè)》的導(dǎo)演。他目前正在完成“革命三部曲”：《建國(guó)大業(yè)》《建黨偉業(yè)》，下一部是關(guān)于創(chuàng)建人民軍隊(duì)的電影《建軍壯業(yè)》。

韓三平與黃建新執(zhí)導(dǎo)《建黨偉業(yè)》后，制訂了周密的拍攝方案，并在拍攝前后將電影劇本改了幾十遍。挑選演員本是副導(dǎo)演的事，但為了嚴(yán)格把關(guān)，韓三平與黃建新也對(duì)初選后的演員進(jìn)行了復(fù)選，他們尤其提出了要大膽使用青年演員，所以除了明星演員外，還挑選了一些知名度不是很高的青年演員。

說到《建黨偉業(yè)》的演員陣容，比《建國(guó)大業(yè)》陣容還要強(qiáng)大，明星和青年演員多達(dá)170余位，可以說是群星云集，星光燦爛?！督h偉業(yè)》仍采用明星制，且年輕明星在片中挑大梁。即便是沒有報(bào)酬，仍有許多大腕、明星和普通演員踴躍報(bào)名參加演出。

經(jīng)過導(dǎo)演組的精挑細(xì)選，一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的明星陣容終于組成：其中馬少驊飾演孫中山，周潤(rùn)發(fā)飾演袁世凱，劉德華飾演蔡鍔，張嘉譯飾演李大釗，馮遠(yuǎn)征飾演陳獨(dú)秀，陳坤飾演周恩來，文章飾演鄧小平，王丹戎飾演董必武，呂良偉飾演吳佩孚，張震飾演蔣介石，黃覺飾演李達(dá)，李晨飾演張國(guó)燾，戚玉武飾演王盡美，何平飾演何叔衡，周杰飾演李漢俊，王學(xué)兵飾演包慧僧，譚凱飾演陳潭秋，張一山飾演鄧恩銘，黃軒飾演劉仁靜，張譯飾演周佛海，佟瑞欣飾演陳公博，周迅飾演李達(dá)的太太王會(huì)悟，葉璇飾演陳公博夫人李勵(lì)莊，李沁飾演毛澤東的夫人楊開慧，范志博飾演蔡暢，董璇飾演向警予，董潔飾演宋慶齡，韓雪飾演宋美齡，范冰冰飾演隆裕太后……

在眾多的明星中，劉燁最初被導(dǎo)演組提出扮演中共一大代表毛澤東，他自己也半信半疑，覺得外貌上與毛澤東的相似程度還有些差距。但經(jīng)過化妝師妙手化妝后，一下就變得像毛澤東了，導(dǎo)演組就將他確定了下來。據(jù)扮演楊開慧的李沁透露。劉燁在拍攝現(xiàn)場(chǎng)還通過戴牙套調(diào)整臉型來達(dá)到“形似”的要求，他頭一回演偉人，心里壓力很大，后來幾次造型獲得包括整個(gè)劇組上下的肯定，他才開始覺得自己像毛澤東了，也就逐步充滿了自信。香港著名導(dǎo)演吳宇森早在2009年拍攝《建國(guó)大業(yè)》中就出演過相關(guān)角色，但最后由于片長(zhǎng)的原因戲份“被剪”，使他無緣上《建國(guó)大業(yè)》的銀幕。這一次，吳宇森終于如愿在《建黨偉業(yè)》中飾演一個(gè)重要?dú)v史人物，他就是晚清名士，曾任國(guó)民政府主席、國(guó)民黨中央政治委員會(huì)代理主席的林森。在眾多的明星中，趙本山以善于搞笑著稱，這次導(dǎo)演分給他一個(gè)比較嚴(yán)肅的角色段祺瑞，可觀眾看到他在影片中的樣子，仍然發(fā)出了笑聲。

在影片拍攝中，青年演員劉燁、李沁飾演的毛澤東和楊開慧的形象有別于觀眾以往見到的印象。在劇中他倆表演的毛澤東與楊開慧甜蜜的戀愛過程，是全片中最“現(xiàn)代”的一場(chǎng)戲，讓觀眾頗為感動(dòng)。青年演員廖凡在拍戲時(shí)不慎墜馬，被釘了12根鋼釘后休息了半個(gè)月，又來到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)繼續(xù)拍攝。在新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上，低血糖的葉璇曾突然暈倒在地，但喝了點(diǎn)糖水后仍站在發(fā)布會(huì)上為影片做宣傳——讓在場(chǎng)的不少人慨嘆：“《建黨偉業(yè)》的演員都是拼命三郎！”

經(jīng)過剪輯，《建黨偉業(yè)》的放映時(shí)間為一個(gè)半小時(shí)，與《建國(guó)大業(yè)》一樣，參加《建黨偉業(yè)》演出的179位演員每人平均1分鐘也不到，有許多明星的臺(tái)詞只有一句話，甚至沒有臺(tái)詞。如黃軒扮演的劉仁靜臺(tái)詞只有“中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨這個(gè)名字很響亮”這短短一句。但在后期制作中，不僅有的演員臺(tái)詞被刪掉，更嚴(yán)格的是在179位演員中，有10多位演員演出的鏡頭也被剪掉了。導(dǎo)演韓三平、黃建新解釋說：“刪剪鏡頭并不是我們的本意，這完全是為了劇情的需要，請(qǐng)大家諒解?！蓖ㄟ^做思想工作，有些演員事后說：“雖然我們的鏡頭被剪覺得很心痛，但為了《建黨偉業(yè)》的成功，我們‘雖死猶榮’?！薄?/p>

Blockbuster Movie Celebrates the Founding of CPC

By Xu Zhongyou

“The Founding of the People’s Republic”， a film produced in 2009 by the China Film Group in celebration of the 60th anniversary of the People’s Republic of China， was a cinematic epic that appealed to national audiences and critics. Shortly after the colossal success of the film， the country’s biggest filmmaker decided to produce a sister film that would celebrate the upcoming 90th anniversary of the Communist Party of China in 2011.

The new epic film entitled “The Founding of the Party” aims to recreate the ten years from 1911 to 1921， a very turbulent decade in the history of 20th-century China. The main characters of the film are founding members of the CPC such as Li Dazhao， Chen Duxiu， Mao Zedong， Zhou Enlai， Cai Hesen， and Xiang Jingyu. They envisioned a China free of world powers and feudalism and they worked heart and soul to make the dream come true.

The film， divided in three parts， paints a whole picture of the historical background that prepared the way for the founding of the CPC and the significant birth of the party in July 1921.

The first part outlines the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) by the revolutionaries under the leadership of Dr. Sun Yat-sen and the short-lived monarchy of Yuan Shikai in 1916. The two events opened the way for China to democracy.

The second part relates how some elite Chinese intellectuals such as Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu took the initiative to explore the possibility of a new revolution. The events that marked this brave and far-sighted probe of a different future include the May Fourth Movement in 1911， ignited by the anger directed toward the government stance on the Paris Peace Pact. This student movement made powerful repercussions across the nation and inspired a whole generation of young people to strive for a new China.

The actual birth of the CPC is the very focus of the film. Almost journalistically， the film reports on the event in detail. The first national congress of the CPC convened in a house at No 106 Wangzhi Road， Shanghai in early July， 1921. When the security situation looked dangerous， the 13 participating representatives decided to move the congress to a pleasure boat on the South Lake in Jiaxing， a central city in the north of the neighboring Zhejiang Province. After a series of sessions for over a month， the first national congress adopted the Constitution of the Communist Party of China and elected a central committee to execute the leadership and launch a Communist revolution. The birth of the CPC turned a new page in the modern history of China.

Though painting a grand picture of the era and the birth of the party， the epic film does not stay on a grand scale. In addition to many historical events and anecdotes， it is enriched by a portrayal of the romance between Mao Zedong and his wife Yang Kaihui. This storyline has been highly appreciated by leaders， experts and audience， especially women among the audience.

The film was jointly directed by Han Sanping and Huang Jianxin， both veteran filmmakers. Han Sanping， a director originally from a small film studio in Sichuan Province， came to Beijing in 1994 and took the post of the directorship of Beijing Film Studio. He launched a renaissance of domestic films， renovating the filmmaking system and operation modes. He has produced more than 100 films since he came to Beijing. Under his buckles are a series of blockbusters. Huang Jianxin directed the first epic film about the birth of the People’s Republic.

Shortly after “The Founding of the People’s Republic”， Han and Huang began to make arrangements for “The Founding of the Party”. They worked out a plan for the whole project and finalized the script after it was rewritten 39 times. Of course they followed the successful formula of the first epic film: they wanted to cast as many film stars and celebrities as possible. A lot of stars offered to be cast into the second epic and said they were willing to show up even though they were not paid a cent. Some regarded it as a test of their individual stardoms. Getting left out of such a star-studded blockbuster could mean you were not important enough. Altogether， the two directors handpicked 173 big names to star in the movie. Averagely， most of them do not have a one-minute-long performance in the 90-minute film. Some do not even speak a line. More over， about 10 stars were edited out in the postproduction period. Some whose performance was edited out feel it was an honor to sacrifice for the epic.

“The Founding of the Party” was premiered across China on June 15， 2011. □