常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)典型錯(cuò)誤例析

1.如果他明天不能準(zhǔn)時(shí)來(lái)，我們就不知道應(yīng)該怎么辦。

[誤]If he won’t come on time tomorrow,we won’t know what to do.

[正]Ifhe doesn’t come on time tomorrow,we won’t know what to do.

[析]當(dāng)主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，與其連用的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

2.昨晚七點(diǎn)到八點(diǎn)她一直在看電視。

[誤]She watched TV from 7：00 to 8：00 lastnight.

[正]She waswatching TV from 7：00 to 8：00 lastnight.

[析]表示過(guò)去某一階段正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，而不用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

3.爸爸進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候，我在做作業(yè)。

[誤]Iwas doingmy homework whilemy father came in.

[正]Iwas doingmy homework whenmy father came in.

[析]while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不能是終止性動(dòng)詞；而when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以是終止性動(dòng)詞。本句中的come是終止性動(dòng)詞，所以應(yīng)用when。

4.我從1985年起就在這所學(xué)校教書。

[誤]I teach at this school since 1985.

[正]Ihave been teaching at this school since 1985.

[析]現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在而且還在進(jìn)行；而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)僅指現(xiàn)在時(shí)段內(nèi)發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀況。

5.這臺(tái)電腦我已買了三年。

[誤]Ihave bought this computer for three years.

[正]Ibought this computer three years ago.

[正]Ihave had this computer for three years.

[正]It’s three years since Ibought this computer.

[正]Three years has passed since I bought this computer.

[析]英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞有終止性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之分。終止性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定形式不能與表示“一段”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。改正的方法有：

1 )用表示“點(diǎn)”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)與終止性動(dòng)詞相配合。

2 )將終止性動(dòng)詞改為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

6.你剛才到哪兒去了？

[誤]Where have you gone?

[正]Where have you been?

[析]have gone to...表示某人在某地的途中或者已到了某地；have been to…表示某人到過(guò)某地，人已回來(lái)。

7.我學(xué)英語(yǔ)已有兩年多了。

[誤]Ihave learned English since over two years.

[正]Ihave learned English for over two years.

[析]介詞since之后跟表示時(shí)間“點(diǎn)”的短語(yǔ)；介詞for后面跟表示時(shí)間“段”的名詞短語(yǔ)。

8.我以前從沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)這么好的畫。

[誤]Inever saw such a beautiful picture before.

[正]Ihave never seen such a beautiful picture before.

[析]在敘述過(guò)去的行為時(shí)，如果有

never,ever等頻度副詞，往往用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果與現(xiàn)在情況密切相關(guān)。

9.她病了好久了。

[誤]She has been being ill for a long time.

[正]She has been ill for a long time.

[析]有些不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞，如be,have,like,love,know,see,hear等，同樣也不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，而應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

10.在過(guò)去的兩年中我讀了很多書。[誤]I readmany books in the past two years.

[正]Ihave read many books in the past two years.

[析]in the past two years是指從兩年前開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況，所以應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

11.本周他沒(méi)做過(guò)多少事。

[誤]He didn’t domuch work thisweek.

[正]Hehasn’tdonemuchwork thisweek.

[析]時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)包括現(xiàn)在，如this year/month/week,these days,so far等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

14.她動(dòng)身去加拿大了。

[誤]She has been leaving for Canada.

[正]She has left for Canada.

[析]leave是瞬間動(dòng)詞，不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

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