張雙龍,華宇鵬,董清晨,郭志強(qiáng),韓鴻章,魏學(xué)紅

含吡啶基或苯基N,O-二齒配體化合物的合成

張雙龍,華宇鵬,董清晨,郭志強(qiáng),韓鴻章,魏學(xué)紅＊

(山西大學(xué)應(yīng)用化學(xué)研究所,山西太原030006)

以2-甲基吡啶和N,N-二甲基鄰甲苯胺為起始原料,經(jīng)正丁基鋰去氫后與不同的酮或苯甲醛加成,然后水解,進(jìn)而合成一類(lèi)含N,O-二齒配體化合物,該方法反應(yīng)條件溫和,后處理簡(jiǎn)便,產(chǎn)率高,并通過(guò)1H NMR和13C NMR對(duì)產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行了分析和表征.

N,O-二齒配體化合物;合成;分析表征

含吡啶官能團(tuán)的配體化合物(I-IV)近年來(lái)引起了人們很大的興趣[1-6],如圖1所示.這些配體能夠與金屬中心形成許多種成鍵模式.如:η3-氮雜烯丙基配位、單齒的氨基配位、雙齒N,N-橋聯(lián)或螯合配位等.這些金屬配合物具有不同尋常的立體構(gòu)型和不同形式的鍵合模式.

圖1 幾種常見(jiàn)的含吡啶基配體Fig.1 Some common pyridyl ligands

吡啶類(lèi)化合物是合成醫(yī)藥、農(nóng)藥、香料、染料、飼料添加劑、橡膠加工助劑等產(chǎn)品的重要原料,應(yīng)用非常廣泛,深加工前景相當(dāng)廣闊.含吡啶基N,O-二齒配體由于同時(shí)具有氮原子和氧原子配位中心,其金屬有機(jī)化合物在烯烴聚合、丙交酯開(kāi)環(huán)聚合及Kumada偶聯(lián)反應(yīng)中表現(xiàn)出良好的催化活性[7-12],進(jìn)而含N,O-二齒配體金屬配合物的研究引起了大家的廣泛關(guān)注.

隨著一些新型N,O-二齒配體的合成,有關(guān)這類(lèi)配體的金屬有機(jī)化合物的合成也逐漸增多[13-15].在探究金屬和碳原子間的成鍵機(jī)理方面與催化反應(yīng)機(jī)理方面有很大的作用.在此,我們選用2-甲基吡啶和N,N-二甲基鄰甲苯胺為起始原料,經(jīng)鋰化后與不同的酮(或醛)加成,然后水解合成了含吡啶基和苯基類(lèi)的N,O-二齒配體化合物.分別如圖2和圖3(P256)所示.

圖2 含吡啶基N,O-二齒配體的合成Fig.2 Synthesis of pyridyl N,O-bidentate ligands

圖3 含苯基N,O-二齒配體的合成Fig.3 Synthesis of benzyl N,O-bidentate ligands

1 實(shí)驗(yàn)部分

1.1 試劑與儀器

2-甲基吡啶(Alfa Aesar試劑公司,分析純),N,N-二甲基鄰甲苯胺(Alfa Aesar試劑公司,分析純),環(huán)己酮(分析純,北京化學(xué)試劑公司),苯乙酮(分析純,北京化學(xué)試劑公司),丁酮(分析純,北京化學(xué)試劑公司),苯甲醛(分析純,北京化學(xué)試劑公司),正丁基鋰(Alfa Aesar試劑公司,正己烷溶液);N,N’-四甲基乙二胺(TMEDA)(Alfa Aesar試劑公司,分析純),實(shí)驗(yàn)中所用溶劑經(jīng)干燥、蒸餾后使用;1H NMR(300 MHz)和13C NMR(75 MHz)核磁數(shù)據(jù)由Bruker DRX-300超導(dǎo)核磁共振儀測(cè)定.

1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟

1.2.1 [(2-C5H4N)CH2C(OH)(CH2)4CH2](1)

在冰浴冷卻下,將正丁基鋰(19.2 mL,56.4 mmol)滴加到攪拌中的2-甲基吡啶(5.257g,56.4 mmol)的30 mL四氫呋喃溶液中,撤去冰水浴,溫度自然升至室溫繼續(xù)反應(yīng)2 h得到深紅色溶液;將反應(yīng)液重新冷卻至0°C,將環(huán)己酮(5.85 mL,56.4 mmol)慢慢滴加到上述反應(yīng)溶液中,溶液逐漸由深紅色變成淺黃色,恢復(fù)至室溫后再反應(yīng)2 h,將上述反應(yīng)液倒入一盛有冰水的燒杯中,攪拌至冰塊全部融化,使得水解完全后,用無(wú)水乙醚(3×20 mL)萃取,合并有機(jī)相,用無(wú)水硫酸鎂進(jìn)行干燥,真空除去易揮發(fā)溶劑,減壓蒸餾得到淺黃色油狀物1(9.05 g,84%).1H NMR(300 MHz,298K,CDCl3):δ(ppm)1.28～1.66[m,10 H,(CH2)5],2.88 (s,2 H,CH2),5.69(b,1 H,OH),7.12(m,2 H,C5H4N),7.60(m,1 H,C5H4N),8.47(m,1 H,C5H4N);13C NMR(CDCl3):δ(ppm)8.53(CH2CH3),27.10(CH),34.10(CH2CH3),45.98(CH2),73.38(CCH3), 121.48,124.53,136.71,148.58,160.15(C5H4N).

1.2.2 [(2-C5H4N)CH2C(OH)(Ph)CH3](2)

用苯乙酮代替環(huán)己酮,實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟同1.2.1,得橙黃色油狀物2,產(chǎn)率87%.1H NMR(300 MHz,298K, CDCl3):δ(ppm)1.80(s,3 H,CH3),3.46(d,3 H,CH2),7.05(b,1 H,OH),7.19(m,1 H,Ar-H),7.29 (m,1 H,Ar-H),7.39(m,1 H,Ar-H),7.50(m,2 H,Ar-H),7.74(m,3 H,C5H4N),8.64(m,1 H, C5H4N);13C NMR(CCl3D):δ(ppm)30.73(CH3),48.95(CH2),74.65(Ar-C),121.56,124.42,136.81, 148.15,159.32(C5H4N),126.17,127.91,128.61,133.16,(Ar).

1.2.3 [(2-C5H4N)CH2C(OH)(CH2CH3)CH3](3)

用丁酮代替環(huán)己酮,實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟同1.2.1,得橙黃色油狀物3,產(chǎn)率85%.1H NMR(300 MHz,298K, CDCl3):δ(ppm)0.84(t,3 H,CH2CH3),1.46(q,2 H,CH2CH3),1.07(s,3 H,CH3),2.80(q,2 H,CH2), 5.76(b,1 H,OH),7.08(m,2 H,C5H4N),7.57(m,1 H,C5H4N),8.44(m,1 H,C5H4N);13C NMR(CDCl3):δ(ppm)8.53(CH2CH3),27.10(CH3),34.10(CH2CH3),45.98(CH2),73.38(CCH3),121.48, 124.53,136.71,148.58,160.15(C5H4N).

1.2.4 [1-(2-(C2H6N)C6H4)CH2C(OH)(CH2)4CH2](4)

將N,N-二甲基鄰甲苯胺(5.25 g,38.8 mmol)與N,N’-四甲基乙二胺(1∶1)的混合物加入到盛有30 mL無(wú)水乙醚的Schlenk瓶中,攪拌均勻,冷卻至0℃,將正丁基鋰(16.2 mL,2.87 mol/L)用注射器緩慢滴加到上述溶液中,升至室溫后繼續(xù)反應(yīng)2 h變?yōu)榱咙S色溶液;重新將上述反應(yīng)液冷卻至0℃,將環(huán)己酮(4 mL,46.6 mmol)慢慢滴加到上述反應(yīng)液中,溶液逐漸由亮黃色變成淺黃色,恢復(fù)至室溫后繼續(xù)反應(yīng)2 h,然后在0℃用氯化銨的飽和水溶液水解,用無(wú)水乙醚(3×20 mL)萃取,所得有機(jī)相用無(wú)水硫酸鎂干燥,將溶劑旋干,減壓蒸餾得淺黃色油狀產(chǎn)物4(7.06 g,78%)1H NMR(300 MHz,298K,CDCl3):δ(ppm)2.67(s,6H, NC2H6),1.29～1.62(m,10H,(CH2)5),2.90(s,2H,C6H4CH2),7.05～7.24(m,4H,C6H4).

1.2.5 [1-(2-(C2H6N)C6H4)CH2C(OH)(Ph)CH3](5)

合成方法與化合物4相同,化合物5為黃色油狀產(chǎn)物73%.1H NMR(300 MHz,298K,CDCl3):δ(ppm) 1.16(s,3H,CCH3),2.65(s,6H,NC2H6),3.10～3.13(q,2H,C6H4CH2),6.77～7.41(m,9H,C6H4; C6H5),7.83(s,1H,OH).

1.2.6 [1-(2-(C2H6N)C6H4)CH2CH(OH)(Ph)](6)

化合物6的合成方法與化合物4相同,白色晶狀固體,產(chǎn)率72%.1H NMR(300 MHz,298K,CDCl3):δ (ppm)2.74(s,6H,NC2H6),3.01～3.23(m,2H,C6H4CH2),4.9～4.93(d,1H,OH),6.98～7.36(m,9H, C6H4;C6H5).

1.2.7 [1-(2-(C2H6N)C6H4)CH2C(OH)(C2H4)CH3](7)

化合物7的合成方法與化合物4相似,淺黃色油狀液體,產(chǎn)率52%.1H NMR(300 MHz,298K,CDCl3): δ(ppm)0.92～1.02(m,5H,CC2H5),1.43～1.50(m,3H,CCH3),2.67(s,6H,NC2H6),2.58～3.06(m, 2H,C6H4CH2),7.05～7.22(m,9H,C6H4).

2 結(jié)果和討論

在合成1-3化合物中,酮必須在低溫慢慢滴加至吡啶甲基鋰溶液中,否則極易發(fā)生酮的羥醛縮合等副反應(yīng),影響產(chǎn)率,而且產(chǎn)品難以提純.在合成4-7化合物中,直接用正丁基鋰鋰化N,N-二甲基鄰甲苯胺,反應(yīng)不夠完全,導(dǎo)致下一步加成反應(yīng)副反應(yīng)增多,產(chǎn)品難以分離純化,在實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中,我們?cè)鴩L試改變?nèi)軇⒎磻?yīng)溫度等措施,均不能獲得滿意的效果.通過(guò)加入等量的N,N’-四甲基乙二胺,增強(qiáng)正丁基鋰的堿性,使得N,N-二甲基鄰甲苯胺的去氫反應(yīng)進(jìn)行的較完全,最終產(chǎn)率也得到了很大的提高.

在合成1-7化合物的水解過(guò)程中,中性或弱堿性條件下,水解不夠完全,導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)率降低,在鹽酸等酸性條件下,易發(fā)生脫水反應(yīng),經(jīng)過(guò)反復(fù)試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),使用弱酸性的飽和氯化銨水溶液,并在冰水浴條件下結(jié)果最佳.造成不同的酮或醛生成的化合物的產(chǎn)率有一定差異的原因是它們的化學(xué)活性和空間效應(yīng)共同作用造成的.對(duì)已合成的N,O-二齒化合物,已經(jīng)在嘗試合成其金屬配合物并將其用于催化丙交酯開(kāi)環(huán)聚合反應(yīng),獲得了初步的研究結(jié)果,進(jìn)一步的研究正在進(jìn)行中.

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Synthesis of Pyridyl or Benzyl N,O-Bidentate Ligand Compounds

ZHANG Shuang-long,HUA Yu-peng,DONG Qing-chen, GUO Zhi-qiang,HAN Hong-zhang,WEI Xue-hong
(Institute of A pplied Chemistry,S hanxi University,Taiyuan030006,China)

A series of N,O-bidentate compounds were synthesized by the reaction of 2-methylpyridine or N, N-dimethyl-2-methylaniline deprotonated by n-butyllithium before with appropriate ketone or benzaldehyde and then hydrolysis.The method held the merits of mild condition,easy separation and purification of the products,and high yields.Also,the products were characterized by1H NMR and13C NMR.

N,O-bidentate ligand;synthesis;characterization

O621.3

A

0253-2395(2010)02-0255-04