大氣物理與人工影響天氣

人工影響天氣研究進展

1. 人工影響天氣關(guān)鍵技術(shù)及裝備研發(fā)

科技部“十一五”科技支撐項目“人工影響天氣關(guān)鍵技術(shù)及裝備研發(fā)”于2010年結(jié)束。項目瞄準環(huán)北京地區(qū)云降水結(jié)構(gòu)和降水形成機理、大氣水資源等問題進行研究，重點關(guān)注混合云和暖云的形成和人工增雨，新的催化播撒工具如無人駕駛飛機播撒。項目同時也關(guān)注環(huán)北京地區(qū)霧的形成和人工消霧技術(shù)研究。冰雹風洞的恢復(fù)重建和升級改造也在制冷系統(tǒng)等方面取得了重要進展。

利用外場觀測資料和數(shù)值模擬對暖云和混合云的播撒技術(shù)進行深入研究；項目開展了多架飛機觀測氣溶膠、CCN和云粒子的譜分布及垂直分布；提出了混合云和暖云催化的概念模型；新建立了包含復(fù)雜催化劑核化過程的暖云催化播撒模式，發(fā)現(xiàn)催化劑的尺度對暖云催化非常關(guān)鍵，在暖云催化播撒中，需要半徑大于1μm的氣溶膠粒子，同時對播撒時間、播撒劑量和播撒位置也進行了研究。暖云播撒的吸濕性焰條也得到生產(chǎn)和試用。

2. 京津地區(qū)低能見度霧霾天氣監(jiān)測與預(yù)報研究

公益性行業(yè)（氣象）科研專項“京津地區(qū)低能見度霧霾天氣監(jiān)測與預(yù)報研究”由中國氣象科學研究院人影中心聯(lián)合有關(guān)科研院所、高校和省級氣象業(yè)務(wù)部門進行研究，該項目于2010年冬季開展了外場觀測試驗，觀測時間從2010年8月開始，地點在北京附近的涿州市，觀測儀器包括霧滴譜儀、能見度儀、氣溶膠儀、微波輻射計、露點儀以及基本氣象要素觀測儀。在外場觀測試驗中，舉辦了霧霾研討會，報告和交流了關(guān)于霧的最新研究進展。

Atmospheric Physics and Weather Modif cation

Research Progress in Atmospheric Physics and Weather Modif cation

1. Weather modif cation key technology and instrumentation

The key project “Weather modif cation key technology and instrumentation” in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period was completed at the end of 2010. The project aimed at investigating cloud structure and precipitation formation, atmospheric water resource surrounding Beijing urban region, and focusing on the mixed and warm cloud formation and rain enhancement, and new seeding tools such as the robot airplane for cloud seeding. The project also targeted on the fog formation and disposal technology in urban regions. Important progress of reestablishment and modif cation of wind tunnel of hailstone have been made in the aspect of cooling system.

The warm and mixed-phase cloud seeding techniques have been intensively investigated by both f eld observations and numerical models. Multi-aircraft measurements on the spectrum and vertical distributions of aerosol, CCN, and cloud particles were conducted in the project. The conceptual models such as cloud seeding for mixed-phase and warm cloud were proposed. New warm cloud seeding model coupled with sophisticated seeding agent nucleation processes has been established, and it is found that the size of seeding agent is critical to warm cloud seeding. Giant-size aerosols such as radii larger than 1 μm are necessary to enhance precipitation in warm cloud seeding. The seeding time, seeding amount and seeding location were also studied. The warm cloud seeding f are was produced and tested.

2. Observation and forecast of fog and haze in the regions of Beijing and Tianjin

The project“Observation and forecast of fog and haze in the regions of Beijing and Tianjin”sponsored by National Public Benefit Research Foundation and hosted by Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, and jointly cooperated with some research institutes, universities, and provincial meteorological services was conducting a f eld campaign in the winter of 2010. The observation started in August of 2010, and its site was located in Zhuozhou City near Beijing. Observational instruments include fog-monitor, visibility, aerosol, CCN, microwave radiometer, dew point temperature and basic parameters of meteorology. During the f eld campaign, a workshop on fog and haze was held, and recent progress in fog studies were reported and discussed.

無人駕駛飛機（a）和冰雹風洞（b）Unmanned cloud seeding aircraft (a) and cloud wind tunnel (b)

外場試驗： (a)室內(nèi)儀器，(b)外場儀器，(c)GPS系留氣球，(d)研究人員Field campaign∶(a) instruments in a room, (b) f eld instruments,(c) GPS captive balloon, (d) researchers

研究人員在安裝設(shè)備A researcher was installing the instrument

研究人員在實驗Researchers are in observation

在涿州召開的霧霾研討會Workshop on fog and haze in Zhuozhou City