院士風(fēng)采

吳學(xué)周

1902.09.20 ～1983.10.31

化學(xué)家。江西萍鄉(xiāng)人。1924年畢業(yè)于南京高等師范學(xué)校數(shù)理化部、同年冬畢業(yè)于東南大學(xué)化學(xué)系。1928年公費(fèi)赴美留學(xué)，1931年獲美國(guó)加州理工學(xué)院博士學(xué)位。1932年為德國(guó)達(dá)姆斯塔特高等工業(yè)學(xué)校訪問(wèn)學(xué)者。中國(guó)科學(xué)院長(zhǎng)春應(yīng)用化學(xué)研究所研究員、名譽(yù)院長(zhǎng)。早年從事多原子分子的紫外、遠(yuǎn)紅外光譜研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些新的光譜帶系，闡明了若干典型的重要多原子分子的結(jié)構(gòu)和化學(xué)反應(yīng)機(jī)理。親自領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核燃料前、后處理中的化學(xué)問(wèn)題的研究；開(kāi)展超純分析和痕量分析，以及后來(lái)的環(huán)保分析；主持光譜、波譜、結(jié)構(gòu)化學(xué)研究工作；晚年組建了激光化學(xué)研究室并應(yīng)用光譜法研究生物活性物質(zhì)的氧化機(jī)理。

1955年被選聘為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Chemist. Born in Pingxiang, Jiangxi Province. Graduated from the Department of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry of Nanjing Normal School and the Department of Chemistry of Southeastern University jin 1924. Went to the USA with financial support from the Chinese government to continue his education.Received Ph.D. from California Institute of Technology in 1931.Visiting scholar at the Darmstadt Higher Institute of Technology,Germany in 1932.Research professor , director, and honorary director, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In his early years, Wu was engaged in the research of ultraviolet and far-infrared spectra of polyatomic molecules and found some new band progressions to clarify the structure and reaction mechanism of many polyatomic molecules. He led and participated in the study of chemical problems in the preprocess of nuclear fuel. He developed ultrapure and trace analysis methlds and analytical methlds for environmental protection.He also led the reaearch on spectroscopy, spectral analysis and structural chemistry. In his late years, he founded the Laser Chemistry Laborotory and studied the oxidation mechanism of bioactive substance by spectroscopy.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

汪 猷

1910.06.07 ～1997.05.06

化學(xué)家。浙江杭州人。1931年畢業(yè)于金陵大學(xué)工業(yè)化學(xué)系。1937年獲德國(guó)慕尼黑大學(xué)博士學(xué)位。1984年當(dāng)選為法國(guó)科學(xué)院外國(guó)院士。中國(guó)科學(xué)院上海有機(jī)化學(xué)研究所研究員、所長(zhǎng)、名譽(yù)所長(zhǎng)。早期從事十四乙酰藏紅素的全合成和性激素、抗生素和碳水化合物化學(xué)等研究。是中國(guó)抗生素研究的奠基人之一，系統(tǒng)研究了鏈霉素和金霉素的分離、提純以及結(jié)構(gòu)和合成化學(xué)。參加領(lǐng)導(dǎo)并直接參加了人工合成胰島素的研究。在淀粉化學(xué)方面，創(chuàng)制了新型血漿代用品。所建立的石油發(fā)酵研究組，當(dāng)時(shí)在國(guó)際上居于前列，做出多項(xiàng)成果。參加并參與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)酵母丙氨酸轉(zhuǎn)移核糖核酸全合成工作，還參加和領(lǐng)到了天花粉蛋白化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)和應(yīng)用研究、模擬酶的研究和青蒿素的生物合成化學(xué)研究。

1955年被選聘為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Chemist. Born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Graduated from the Deparment of Industrial Chemistry, Nanjing Jinling University in 1931. Received Ph.D. from Munich University,Germany in 1937. Research professor, director and honorary director, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and foreign academician, France Academy of Sciences.

In his early stage, Wang was engaged in the study of total synthesis of tetradeca-acetylated zanghongsu, and in the study of sexual hormone, antibiotics and carbohydrate chemistry.He is one of the pioneers for the antibiotics research in China.He systematically investigated the separation, purification,structure, and synthesis of streptomycin and aureomycin. He co-supervised and took part in the research on the synthesis of insulin. In the area of starch chemistry, he developed new serum surrogate. His reaearch group of petrlleum oil fermentation has attained a lot of excellent results and is in the forefront in the world. He participated in and co-supervised the total synthesis of yeast alanine tRNA, the study on the structure and application of tricosanthin, the study on enzymimetics, and the study on biosynthesis of qinghaosu.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

李方訓(xùn)

1902012.25 ～1962.08.02

化學(xué)家。江蘇儀征人。1925年畢業(yè)于金陵大學(xué)化學(xué)系。1930年獲美國(guó)西北大學(xué)博士學(xué)位，1948年獲美國(guó)西北大學(xué)榮譽(yù)科學(xué)博士學(xué)位。南京大學(xué)教授、副校長(zhǎng)。早期從事格利雅試劑在非水溶液中反應(yīng)機(jī)理的研究、電解質(zhì)溶液理論研究方面的工作，所提出的離子水化焓及水化絕對(duì)熵的理論、用于水溶液中離子物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)的計(jì)算公式，至今仍為該領(lǐng)域的專(zhuān)著所引用。50年代后，著重于混合電解質(zhì)的系統(tǒng)研究，并測(cè)定了格利雅試劑在非水溶液中組成的電池電動(dòng)勢(shì)，證明了在非水溶液中格利雅試劑仍具有電解質(zhì)的特性。驗(yàn)證了哈奈德規(guī)則對(duì)混合電解質(zhì)溶液中離子活度系數(shù)計(jì)算的適用性，并推導(dǎo)出一個(gè)優(yōu)于前人的計(jì)算公式，可應(yīng)用于具有不同離子的混合電解質(zhì)溶液。

1955年被選聘為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Chemist. Born in Yizheng, Jiangsu Province. Graduated form the Department of Chemistry, Jinling University 1925.Rececived Ph.D. from Northwestern University, USA in 1930, and honorary Ph. D. in 1948. Professror and vice president, Nanjing Uninersity.

Li studied the reaction mechanism of Grignard reagent in non-aqueous solution and theoretical work of electrolyte solution in his early years. He developed the theory of hydration enthalpy and the absolute hydration entropy of ions and deduced a formula used for the calculation of the physicochemical properties of ions in aqueous solution.His results are still cited by chemists working in this field.From the 1950s, he was engaged in the systematic research of mixed electrolytes. He determined the cell electromotive forces of Griganrd tragents in non-aqueous solution and proved the electrolytic properties of Grignard reagents in non-aqueous solution. He also proved that Harned rule could be used for the calculation of ion activity co-efficient of mixed electrolyte in solution and deduced an improved formula which can be used for the calculation of mixed electrolytes with defferent ions.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955

張大煜

1906.01.15 ～1989.02.20

化學(xué)家。江蘇江陰人。1929年清華大學(xué)化學(xué)系畢業(yè)，公費(fèi)留德。1933年獲德國(guó)德累斯頓大學(xué)博士學(xué)位。中國(guó)科學(xué)院大連化學(xué)物理研究所研究員、顧問(wèn)，感光化學(xué)研究所顧問(wèn)。早年從事膠體化學(xué)和表面化學(xué)的研究?？箲?zhàn)時(shí)期曾在云南宜良創(chuàng)辦利滇化工廠，從事褐煤低溫干餾。50年代初，組建起第一個(gè)石油研究所，開(kāi)展對(duì)石油、頁(yè)巖油和煤的加工工藝和化學(xué)基礎(chǔ)研究。60年代組建了中國(guó)科學(xué)院蘭州石油研究所和山西煤炭化學(xué)研究所，促進(jìn)了內(nèi)地科學(xué)事業(yè)發(fā)展。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了催化、色譜、化學(xué)激光和化學(xué)工程等領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)研究，促進(jìn)了中國(guó)石油煉制、石油化工、化肥工業(yè)、高能燃料方面的進(jìn)步；組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了合成氨原料氣凈化新流程的研究開(kāi)發(fā)，達(dá)到了當(dāng)時(shí)國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平，提供了科研與生產(chǎn)部門(mén)合作公關(guān)的重要經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

1955年被選聘為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Chemist. Born in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province. Graduated from the Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University in 1929 and continued his education by government support in Germany. Received Ph.D.from the University of Dresden in 1933. Research professor, director and advisor, Dalian Insititute of Physical Chemsitry, and advisor,Institute of Photographic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In his early years, Zhang was engaged in the research on colloid and surface chemistry. During the Anti-Japanese War, he set up the Lidian Chemical Plant in Yiliang, Yunnan Province to run dry distillation of lignitic coal under low temperature. He set up China’s first petroleum institute in the early 1950s to conduct research mainly on the processing technology and chemistry of crude oil, shale oil and coal. He also set up Lanzhou Institute of Petrloleum and Shanxi Institute of Coal Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in the 1960s and promoted the development of scientific reaearch in the inland. He organized and led the reaearch on catalysis,chromatography, chemical laser, chemical engineering and so on.All these have promoted the development of China’s oil refining,petrochemical engineering, chemical fertilizer and high energy fuel industries. He improved the flow process for the purification of gases used for ammonia synthesis. His work reached the then world advanced level and also set a good example for the research institutes and factories to work jointly to solve key problems in practical production.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.