可持續(xù)建筑評(píng)估體系LEED的出現(xiàn)，對(duì)北美可持續(xù)建筑的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了快速的推動(dòng)作用。它標(biāo)志著可持續(xù)建筑已經(jīng)廣泛地從理論研究落實(shí)到了建筑實(shí)踐中。LEED評(píng)估體系不僅為建造可持續(xù)建筑提供了一些關(guān)鍵措施和方法，而且成功地在全球范圍內(nèi)促進(jìn)了整個(gè)建筑市場的轉(zhuǎn)變。在加拿大，目前可持續(xù)建筑評(píng)估采用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是加拿大LEEDNC 1.0，適用于新建和重大改建工程，它是在美國綠色建筑協(xié)會(huì)LEED－NC 2.1的基礎(chǔ)上，依據(jù)加拿大的氣候特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了改編的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

在本期加拿大可持續(xù)建筑專輯中，我們不僅介紹了一些最新的高投入、高性能表現(xiàn)的可持續(xù)建筑，如溫哥華會(huì)議中心和溫哥華冬奧會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員村，還介紹了一些所謂“低技術(shù)”的作品， 運(yùn)用傳統(tǒng)地方性手法、地方材料以及被動(dòng)式太陽能和地源熱泵等手段。尼科米普沙漠文化中心和克勞福德灣學(xué)校就是這樣的作品。 此外，隨著節(jié)能技術(shù)成本的不斷降低， 加拿大可持續(xù)建筑的發(fā)展也呈現(xiàn)出了一些新的、追求更高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的動(dòng)向，大學(xué)城托幼設(shè)施和不列顛哥倫比亞大學(xué)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展交互研究中心，都是力求做到零能耗和完全不依賴于市政管網(wǎng)的設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)例。這兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目也是以“生態(tài)建筑挑戰(zhàn)”這一零能耗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)的項(xiàng)目。

“所有評(píng)估體系的目的都是要促使市場的轉(zhuǎn)變”。中國在2006年頒布了自己的綠色建筑評(píng)估體系——綠色建筑評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)識(shí)認(rèn)證，三星標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。如何促使整個(gè)建筑行業(yè)和市場的轉(zhuǎn)變，是中國可持續(xù)建筑發(fā)展要解決的關(guān)鍵問題。缺少具有建筑整合設(shè)計(jì)能力的專業(yè)人才，缺少可信賴的可持續(xù)建材市場以及過高的建設(shè)成本投入，這些是中國發(fā)展可持續(xù)建筑面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)。通過學(xué)習(xí)加拿大可持續(xù)建筑發(fā)展的有益經(jīng)驗(yàn)，并試圖找到自己發(fā)展的解決方案是我們出版這期加拿大可持續(xù)建筑專輯的目的?！酰▽O捷）

Since the advent of LEED Green Building Rating System, the development of sustainable building has gained a rapid progress in North America. It indicates that sustainable buildings have widely developed from theory to industry practice. The LEED rating System has not only directed the industry some key measures and methods of sustainable building design, but also transformed the market successfully and globally. In Canada, the current rating system is LEED Canada－NC 1.0 Green Building Rating System for New Construction and Major Renovations and is adapted from the USGBC LEED－NC 2.1, but tailored specifically for Canadian climates.

In this Canada Sustainable Building special, we’ve introduced the newest high performance and high input projects like Vancouver Convention Centre and Vancouver Olympic Village, and also the‘low-tech’projects which are regional solutions using local materials, passive solar and geothermal heat etc, for individual sites.Projects like NK’MIP Desert Cultural Centre, Crawford Bay School are in this category. On the other hand, as renewable technologies become more cost effective, there are some new trends of the sustainable building development in Canada which are raising the bar. The UniverCity Childcare Facility and Centre for Interactive research on Sustainability at the University of British Columbia are two designs which are seeking net-zero energy and completely independent of municipal net services.

‘The goal of all the rating system is market transformation’. China has launched its national sustainable building rating system in 2007, Evaluation Standards of Green Building－the Three Star System. How to make the entire industry and the market transformed is the key of Chinese sustainable building development. Lacking of design talents who has the integrated building design capabilities, lacking of a reliable supply chain of sustainable building materials and the higher construction cost will be the big challenges that China has to face. Learning from the valuable experience of Canada, trying to find our own solutions are the purposes of this issue.□ (SUN Jie)