Ｋｒｉｓｔｙｎ?。耍酰螅澹搿。蹋澹鳎椋?/p>

Success Stories

When you think 'millionaire,' what image comes to mind? For many of us, it's a flashy Wall Street banker type who flies a private jet, collects cars and lives the kind of decadent lifestyle that would make Donald Trump proud.

成功的故事

當(dāng)你想到“百萬富翁”,腦海中會(huì)浮現(xiàn)怎樣的形象呢?對(duì)于我們?cè)S多人來說,他的形象就是一個(gè)栩栩如生的華爾街銀行家,擁有私人飛機(jī),香車云集,過著唐納德?特朗普都羨慕的奢靡生活。

But many modern millionaires live in middle-class neighborhoods, work full-time and shop in discount stores like the rest of us. What motivate them arent material possessions but the choices that money can bring: "For the rich, it's not about getting more stuff. It's about having the freedom to make almost any decision you want," says T. Harv Eker, author of Secrets of the Millionaire Mind. Wealth means you can send your child to any school or quit a job you don't like.

但是,許多現(xiàn)代百萬富翁和我們一樣,住在中產(chǎn)階級(jí)社區(qū),有份全職工作,常常光顧折扣店。他們成功的動(dòng)力并不是擁有物質(zhì)財(cái)產(chǎn),而是財(cái)富可以帶來的選擇?！栋偃f富翁的思維秘密》的作者哈弗?艾克說:“對(duì)富人來說,這并不意味著占有更多的東西,而是意味著能夠擁有做任何決定的自由”。財(cái)富意味著你可以把你的孩子送到任何你喜歡的學(xué)校深造或者辭去你不喜歡的工作。

According to the Spectrem Wealth Study, an annual survey of America's wealthy, there are more people living the good life than ever before - the number of millionaires nearly doubled in the last decade. And the rich are getting richer. To make it onto the Forbes 400 list of the richest Americans, a mere billionaire no longer makes the cut. This year you needed a net worth of at least $1.3 billion.

據(jù)《Spectrem財(cái)富報(bào)告》(一份調(diào)查美國富人的年度報(bào)告)表明,越來越多的人比以往任何時(shí)候生活得美好。在過去十年里,百萬富翁的人數(shù)幾乎增加了一倍,且富者愈富。要在福布斯美國最富有400人的名單上榜上有名,僅僅有十億資產(chǎn)還不夠。今年你若想位列其中,至少需要凈資產(chǎn)13億美元。

If more people are getting richer than ever, why shouldn't you be one of them? Here, five people who have at least a million dollars in liquid assets share the secrets that helped them get there.

如果越來越多的人變得比從前更富有,為什么你不能成為其中之一?這里有五位至少擁有100萬美元流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)的富人跟你分享他們成功的秘密。

1.Set your sights on where you're going

高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚,設(shè)定財(cái)富目標(biāo)

Twenty years ago, Jeff Harris hardly seemed on the road to wealth. He was a college dropout who struggled to support his wife, DeAnn, and three kids, working as a grocery store clerk and at a junkyard where he melted scrap metal alongside convicts. "At times we were so broke that we washed our clothes in the bathtub because we couldn't afford the Laundromat." Now he's a 49-year-old investment advisor and multimillionaire in York, South Carolina.

20年前,杰夫?哈里斯看似致富無門。他大學(xué)肄業(yè),在雜貨鋪?zhàn)龅陠T,在垃圾場(chǎng)撿一些廢銅爛鐵,勉強(qiáng)能養(yǎng)活妻子丹安妮和3個(gè)孩子?！坝袝r(shí),我們窮得連去洗衣店洗衣服的錢都沒有,只能在浴缸里洗衣服?！爆F(xiàn)年49歲的他是一名投資顧問,也是南卡羅來納州約克市的一名千萬富翁。

There was one big reason Jeff pulled ahead of the pack: He always knew he'd be rich. The reality is that 80 percent of Americans worth at least $5 million grew up in middle-class or lesser households, just like Jeff.

杰夫之所以成功有一個(gè)重要的原因:他堅(jiān)信自己會(huì)變富有。事實(shí)是, 80%擁有至少500萬財(cái)產(chǎn)的美國人都同杰夫一樣,來自中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭或者更小的家庭。

Wanting to be wealthy is a crucial first step. Says Eker, "The biggest obstacle to wealth is fear. People are afraid to think big, but if you think small, you'll only achieve small things."

渴望成為富人是成為富人是至關(guān)重要的第一步。艾克說:“阻礙人們致富的最大障礙是自身的恐懼。人們不敢計(jì)劃干大事,但是,如果你光考慮小事,你就永遠(yuǎn)成不了大事?！?/p>

It all started for Jeff when he met a stockbroker at a Christmas party. "Talking to him, it felt like discovering fire," he says. "I started reading books about investing during my breaks at the grocery store, and I began putting $25 a month in a mutual fund." Next he taught a class at a local community college on investing. His students became his first clients, which led to his investment practice. "There were lots of struggles," says Jeff, "but what got me through it was believing with all my heart that I would succeed."

杰夫的財(cái)富始于圣誕晚會(huì)上與一個(gè)股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人的相識(shí)?！芭c他交談你會(huì)感覺發(fā)現(xiàn)了新大陸,”杰夫說,“在雜貨店打工休息時(shí)我開始讀一些關(guān)于投資的書籍,開始每月花25美元投資共同基金?！彪S后杰夫在社區(qū)學(xué)校開辦了一個(gè)投資班,班上的學(xué)生成為他的第一批客戶,從此他步入了投資實(shí)踐。“這期間有很多思想掙扎”,杰夫說,“但是我堅(jiān)信自己一定會(huì)成功,這使我渡過了難關(guān)。”

2. Educate yourself

善于自學(xué)

When Steve Maxwell graduated from college, he had an engineering degree and a high-tech job - but he couldn't balance his checkbook."I took one finance class in college but dropped it to go on a ski trip," says the 45-year-old father of three, who lives in Windsor, Colorado. "I actually had to go to my bank and ask them to teach me how to read my statement."

大學(xué)畢業(yè)后,史蒂夫?麥克斯韋獲得了工程學(xué)學(xué)位和一份與高科技有關(guān)的工作,但他生活仍然入不敷出?！拔以趯W(xué)校修過金融課,但為了一次滑雪之旅我放棄了”,麥克斯韋說。現(xiàn)在,45歲的他已經(jīng)是三個(gè)孩子的父親,住在科羅拉多州的溫莎?！皩?shí)際上我不得不去銀行讓他們教我如何看懂借貸表?！?/p>

One of the biggest obstacles to making money is not understanding it: Thousands of us avoid investing because we just don't get it. But to make money, you must be financially literate. "It bothered me that I didn't understand this stuff," says Steve, "so I read books and magazines about money management and investing, and I asked every financial whiz I knew to explain things to me."

賺錢最大的障礙之一就是不理解:成千上萬的人不選擇投資就是因?yàn)椴涣私馔顿Y。但是,為了賺錢,你必須懂得財(cái)務(wù)知識(shí)?！拔艺娌幻靼走@類東西,這使我很困擾”,史蒂夫說:“所以我閱讀金融管理投資的書籍和雜志,咨詢每一個(gè)我認(rèn)識(shí)的金融高手,讓他們解釋給我聽。”

He and his wife started applying the lessons: They made a point to live below their means. They never bought on impulse, always negotiated better deals (on their cars, cable bills, furniture) and stayed in their home long after they could afford a more expensive one. They also put 20 percent of their annual salary into investments.

他和妻子開始學(xué)以致用:他們主張生活儉樸。他們從來不沖動(dòng)購買,總是商量購買性價(jià)比更好的產(chǎn)品(比如汽車、有線電視費(fèi)和家具),即使他們能夠買得起更加昂貴的房子,他們還在老房子里待了很長一段時(shí)間。他們用年收入的20%進(jìn)行投資。

Within ten years, they were millionaires, and people were coming to Steve for advice. "Someone would say, 'I need to refinance my house - what should I do?' A lot of times, I wouldn't know the answer, but I'd go find it and learn something in the process," he says.

不到十年,他們成為百萬富翁,于是人們開始紛紛向史蒂夫咨詢?！坝腥藭?huì)問:‘我需要更好的住房,應(yīng)該做些什么?很多時(shí)候,我都不知道答案,但我會(huì)去找尋答案并且在這個(gè)過程中學(xué)到更多”,他說。

In 2003, Steve quit his job to become part owner of a company that holds personal finance seminars for employees of corporations like Wal-Mart. He also started going to real estate investment seminars, and it's paid off: He now owns $30 million worth of investment properties, including apartment complexes, a shopping mall and a quarry.

2003年,史蒂夫辭去工作,成為某公司的合伙人。他的公司為一些大公司雇員開設(shè)私人理財(cái)班,如沃爾瑪。他還開始轉(zhuǎn)向房地產(chǎn)投資,并得到了回報(bào):他目前擁有價(jià)值3000萬美元的物業(yè)投資,包括公寓、購物商場(chǎng)和一個(gè)露天礦場(chǎng)。

"I was an engineer who never thought this life was possible, but all it truly takes is a little self-education," says Steve. "You can do anything once you understand the basics."

“作為一名工程師,這樣的生活對(duì)我來說曾經(jīng)就像天方夜譚一樣,但是這需要的只是一點(diǎn)自我培訓(xùn)”,史蒂夫說,“一旦理解了基本知識(shí)你就能成為投資高手?！?/p>

3. Passion pays off

激情回報(bào)

In 1995, Jill Blashack Strahan and her husband were barely making ends meet. Like so many of us, Jill was eager to discover her purpose, so she splurged on a session with a life coach. "When I told her my goal was to make $30,000 a year, she said I was setting the bar too low. I needed to focus on my passion, not on the paycheck."

1995年,吉爾?布拉沙克?斯特拉罕和她的丈夫經(jīng)常收不抵支,像我們中的許多人一樣,吉爾渴望發(fā)財(cái),所以花了一大筆錢跟著生活教練上培訓(xùn)課?！爱?dāng)我告訴她我的目標(biāo)就是每年掙3萬美元,她說我把標(biāo)準(zhǔn)定得太低了,我需要的是專注于自己愛好,而不是緊盯薪水?！?/p>

Jill, who lives with her son in Alexandria, Minnesota, owned a gift basket company and earned just $15,000 a year. She noticed when she let potential buyers taste the food items, the baskets sold like crazy. Jill thought. Why not sell the food directly to customers in a fun setting?

吉爾和她的兒子生活在明尼蘇達(dá)州亞歷山德里亞市,她有一家禮品花籃公司,每年掙1.5萬美元。她發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)她讓潛在的顧客品嘗可口茶點(diǎn)后,產(chǎn)品就被瘋狂搶購。吉爾想,為什么不以一種更加有趣的方式把食品直接賣給顧客呢?

With $6,000 in savings, a bank loan and a friend's investment, Jill started packaging gourmet foods in a backyard shed and selling them at taste-testing parties. It wasn't easy. "I remember sitting outside one day, thinking we were three months behind on our house payment, I had two employees I couldn't pay, and I ought to get a real job. But then I thought, No, this is your dream. Recommit and get to work."

吉爾用她6000美元的積蓄,銀行貸款以及朋友的投資,開始在自家后院包裝美食,出售給美食鑒賞派對(duì)。這并不是一件易事?！坝浀糜幸惶煳以谖萃庾?想到三個(gè)月沒付的房租,未支付兩個(gè)員工的工資,我想我應(yīng)該去找一份實(shí)在的工作。但我轉(zhuǎn)念一想,不,這是我的夢(mèng)想,收拾收拾,繼續(xù)工作吧?！?/p>

She stuck with it, even after her husband died three years later. "I live by the law of abundance, meaning that even when there are challenges in life, I look for the win-win," she says.

即使她的丈夫三年后去世了,她還繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持著?！拔曳钚形锩懒慷嗟慕?jīng)銷原則來謀生,雖然這意味著生活中會(huì)有許多挑戰(zhàn),但我會(huì)爭取雙贏”。

The positive attitude worked: Jill's backyard company, Tastefully Simple, is now a direct-sales business, with $120 million in sales last year. And Jill was named one of the top 25 female business owners in North America by Fast Company magazine.

積極態(tài)度產(chǎn)生效用了:吉爾的后院公司Tastefully Simple,現(xiàn)在成了一個(gè)直銷型企業(yè),去年銷售額達(dá)1.2億美元。吉爾因此被北美的《快速公司》雜志評(píng)為25位最優(yōu)秀的女性企業(yè)家之一。

According to research by Thomas J. Stanley, author of The Millionaire Mind, over 80 percent of millionaires say they never would have been successful if their vocation wasn't something they cared about.

《百萬富翁的心路歷程》一書的作者托馬斯?J?斯坦利的通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn):百分之八十以上的百萬富翁承認(rèn)——如果他們不把職業(yè)放在心上,他們就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)成功。

4. Grow your money

投資生利

Most of us know the never-ending cycle of living paycheck to paycheck.. "The fastest way to get out of that pattern is to make extra money for the specific purpose of reinvesting in yourself,"says Loral Langemeier, author of The Millionaire Maker. In other words, earmark some money for the sole purpose of investing it in a place where it will grow dramatically—like a business or real estate.

我們大多數(shù)人生活在薪水復(fù)薪水的無盡循環(huán)中?！皵[脫這一模式最快的方式是把額外的錢專門用于投資”,《百萬富翁制造商》一書的作者勞拉?蘭格米爾說。換句話說,預(yù)留一些錢投資在特定領(lǐng)域,例如商業(yè)或房地產(chǎn)投資,你的資金會(huì)快速增長。

There are endless ways to make extra money for investing - you just have to be willing to do the work." Everyone has a marketable skill," says Langemeier. "When I started out, I had a tutoring business, seeing clients in the morning before work and on my lunch break."

投資賺取額外報(bào)酬的方式無窮無盡——只要你愿意?！懊總€(gè)人都有銷售技巧”,勞拉說:“剛開始的時(shí)候,我自己辦了個(gè)輔導(dǎo)班,所以我得在早上上班之前和午餐休息時(shí)輔導(dǎo)學(xué)生?！?/p>

A little moonlighting cash really can grow into a million. Twenty-five years ago, Rick Sikorski dreamed of owning a personal training business. "I rented a tiny studio where I charged $15 an hour," he says. When money started trickling in, he squirreled it away instead of spending it, putting it all back into the business. Rick's 400-square-foot studio is now Fitness Together, a franchise based in Highlands Ranch, Colorado, with more than 360 locations worldwide. And he's worth over $40 million.

零星資金都有可能積累成百萬財(cái)富。二十五年前,里克?西爾斯基夢(mèng)想擁有私人培訓(xùn)業(yè)務(wù),“我出租了一間小工作室,每小時(shí)收取15美元”,他說。賺到錢后,他沒有揮霍,而是儲(chǔ)存起來用于投資。里克400平方英尺的工作室現(xiàn)在叫做Fitness Together,特許經(jīng)營總部設(shè)在科羅拉多州的高地牧場(chǎng),在全世界擁有360個(gè)健身中心,他的身價(jià)超過四千萬美元。

When extra money rolls in, it's easy to think, Now I can buy that new TV. But if you want to get rich, you need to pay yourself first, by putting money where it will work hard for you—whether that's in your retirement fund, a side business or investments like real estate.

當(dāng)財(cái)富滾滾而來,人們很容易就會(huì)有這樣的想法:“現(xiàn)在我可以買新的電視機(jī)啦!”但是如果你想更加富有,你必須首先自己支付自己,應(yīng)當(dāng)讓錢為來為你工作——比如投資退休基金、商業(yè)或者類似房地產(chǎn)等的投資上面。

5. No guts, no glory

膽大才能賺大錢

Last summer, Dave Lindahl footed the bill for 18 relatives at a fancy mansion in the Adirondacks. One night, his dad looked out at the scenery and joked, "I can't believe we used to call you the black sheep!"

去年夏天,戴夫?林達(dá)紐約阿第倫達(dá)克豪華大廈里為18個(gè)親戚買單。一天晚上,他的父親看著外面的風(fēng)景,開玩笑說:“真不敢相信我們?cè)?jīng)叫你敗家子!”

At 29, Dave was broke, living in a small apartment near Boston and wondering what to do after ten years in a local rock band. "I looked around and thought, if I don't do something, I'll be stuck here forever."

戴夫在29歲時(shí)破產(chǎn),住在波斯頓附近的一個(gè)狹小公寓里。他不知道離開他待了10年的當(dāng)?shù)負(fù)u滾樂隊(duì)后該何去何從。“我環(huán)顧四周,心想,如果我不做出點(diǎn)成就出來,我就會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)被困在這里”。

He started a landscape company, buying his equipment on credit. When business literally froze over that winter, a banker friend asked if he'd like to renovate a foreclosed home. "I'm a terrible carpenter, but I needed the money, so I went to some free seminars at Home Depot and figured it out as I went," he says.

他貸款添置設(shè)備,創(chuàng)辦了一家景觀設(shè)計(jì)公司。那年冬天生意冷冷清清,他的一個(gè)銀行朋友問他是否打算裝修一所被取消贖回權(quán)的房子?！拔沂且粋€(gè)蹩腳的木匠,但我需要錢,因此我就去Home Depot等免費(fèi)的研討會(huì)學(xué)習(xí),而后去翻修那個(gè)房子”,他說。

After a few more renovations, it occurred to him: Why not buy the homes and sell them for profit? He took a risk and bought his first property. Using the proceeds, he bought another, and another. Twelve years later, he owns apartment buildings, worth $143 million, in eight states.

翻修一段時(shí)間后,他突發(fā)奇想:為什么不買下這些房子來出售并賺取差價(jià)呢?他冒險(xiǎn)買了他的第一處房產(chǎn)。依靠著那些收益,他買了一座又一座的房子。十二年后,他在美國八個(gè)州擁有公寓樓,價(jià)值1.43億美元。

The Biggest Secret? Stop Spending

最大的秘訣是?不亂花錢

Every millionaire we spoke to has one thing in common: Not a single one spends needlessly. Real estate investor Dave Lindahl drives a Ford Explorer and says his middle-class neighbors would be shocked to learn how much he's worth. Fitness mogul Rick Sikorski can't fathom why anyone would buy bottled water. Steve Maxwell, the finance teacher, looked at a $1.5 million home but decided to buy one for half the price because "a house with double the cost wouldn't give me double the enjoyment."

與我們交談的百萬富翁有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn):絕不在不必要的事情上花錢。房地產(chǎn)投資商戴夫?林達(dá)駕駛一輛福特,據(jù)說,他的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的鄰居如果在得知他的身價(jià)后都會(huì)大吃一驚;健身大師享里克?斯基不明白人們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)買桶裝水;理財(cái)大師史蒂夫?麥克斯韋,看中了一處150萬美元的房子,但他最終買了一套價(jià)格只有這一半的房子,因?yàn)椤坝秒p倍價(jià)錢買來的房子肯定不會(huì)給我雙倍的快樂”。

It's not a fluke: According to the 2007 Annual Survey of Affluence & Wealth in America, some of the richest people 'spend their money with a middle-class mind-set.' They clip coupons, wait for sales and buy luxury items at a discount.

這并不是偶然的。2007年美國財(cái)富年度調(diào)查顯示,一些最富有的人“用中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的心態(tài)來消費(fèi)的”。他們剪下優(yōu)惠券,等待商家打折才購買奢侈品。

No kidding! Talk show host Tyra Banks calls herself the Queen of Cheap and keeps perfume samples from magazine ads in her purse for quick touch-ups.

這不是開玩笑,脫口秀主持人泰拉?班克斯自稱廉價(jià)女王,常常在錢包中存放從雜志廣告頁上取下的香水樣品,留到快速補(bǔ)妝中用。

Sara Blakely, founder of the $100 million shapewear company Spanx, gets her hair trimmed at Supercuts.

法瑞兒服飾公司創(chuàng)始人薩拉?布萊克利身價(jià)千萬美元,卻在廉價(jià)美發(fā)店做頭發(fā)。

And Warren Buffett, the third richest person in the world, according to Forbes, lives in the same Omaha, Nebraska, home he bought four decades ago for $31,500.

福布斯富翁榜上世界排名第三的沃恩?巴菲特,居住在內(nèi)布拉斯州奧馬哈的老房子里,而這所房子是他四十年前花3.15萬美元所購買的。

Notes:

1、make the cut

美國俚語,有兩種意思:

1) To meet or come up to a required standard. “達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”。

例句:He could hardly make the cut to be on the list of a millionaire.

他遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)達(dá)不到百萬富翁的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

2)在美國口語里是“打折”的意思。

例句:Clothes of this Brand never makes the cut .

這個(gè)牌子的衣服從來不打折。

2、ahead of the pack

意思是 “ahead of the competitors”前幾位;前頭。

例句:Out of the contestants on this year's talent show, Akika is definitely ahead of the pack.

在今年的業(yè)余歌手演唱會(huì)參賽者之中,Akika絕對(duì)排在前幾位。

3、think big

意思是“野心勃勃;好高騖遠(yuǎn) ”。

例句:The secret to success is to start young, think big and stick to it

成功的秘訣是,趁年輕,有野心,堅(jiān)持。

4、feel like discovering fire

意為“feel like discovering something fantastic”。感覺像發(fā)現(xiàn)了極好的東西。

例句:His creative idea let me feel like discovering fire.

他的創(chuàng)意讓我感覺到了靈感的火花。

5、financial whiz

意思是“金融高手;金融怪杰”。

例句:He is really a financial whiz that he knows almost everything about the financial crisis.

他真是一位金融高手,他幾乎知道有關(guān)金融危機(jī)的一切。

6、Make ends meet

意思是“使收支相抵”。

例句:I can hardly make ends meet myself.

我?guī)缀跞氩环蟪觥?/p>

7、squirrel away

意思是“貯存;儲(chǔ)存”。

例句:They have squirreled away surplus grain.

他們已把余糧貯存起來。

8. quick touch-ups

意思是“快速補(bǔ)妝”。

Links:

Donald Trump唐納德?特朗普

畢業(yè)于賓夕法尼亞沃頓商學(xué)院,主修財(cái)務(wù),并跟著他父親開始自己的職業(yè)生涯。2006年8月,他被《商業(yè)周刊》評(píng)為了“全世界最具競爭力的商人”?！八莻€(gè)傳奇人物,一生起伏跌宕”,脫口秀主持人拉里?金在最近一次對(duì)特朗普的采訪中以這句話作了開場(chǎng)白。

在紐約,特朗普的名字是與這座城市最繁華的地段聯(lián)系在一起的,包括第五大道的特朗普摩天大樓,被Conde Nast Traveler(《康泰旅行者》)選為全美最好的特朗普國際旅館,座落于華爾街40號(hào)的特朗普世界大樓以及特朗普公園大廈。除了在地產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域的成就外,特朗普還和NBC電視網(wǎng)合作,有著世界三大選美賽事的直播權(quán):世界小姐,美國小姐和Miss Teen USA Pageants。 他也是目前熱播電視劇《學(xué)徒》的制片人,這部片子在全國范圍,甚至是全世界范圍內(nèi)都引起了廣泛關(guān)注。2004年夏天,他在Clear Channel的廣播節(jié)目初次開播,成績不俗。

特朗普先生著有7本暢銷書。2004年,特朗普雜志發(fā)行,2005年特朗普在線大學(xué)上線,唐納德?特朗普特許經(jīng)營項(xiàng)目開放。在2006年,發(fā)布在線旅游網(wǎng)站GoTrump.com。

Mutual fund共同基金

共同基金mutual fund的mutual意為joint(聯(lián)合),而fund有holding(控制)之意,即把許多人的錢集中起來進(jìn)行專業(yè)化投資的運(yùn)作。又稱為單位信托基金,在美國又稱為投資公司(Investment Company),在香港和臺(tái)灣一般翻譯為互助基金。在中國大陸,一般的投資者并不使用共同基金這個(gè)詞匯,而是以投資基金,證券投資基金等詞匯取代之,但是以上詞匯的內(nèi)涵和共同基金是有很大差別的。

共同基金是由基金經(jīng)理管理的,向社會(huì)投資者公開募集資金以投資于證券市場(chǎng)的營利性的公司型證券投資基金。共同基金購買股票、債券、商業(yè)票據(jù)、商品或金融衍生工具,以獲得利息、股息或資本利得。

由于共同基金吸納的是公眾的資金,各國政府都對(duì)其實(shí)施比較嚴(yán)厲的管制,其組建、信息披露、交易、資金結(jié)構(gòu)變化和解散都受到法律法規(guī)限制,美國的管制尤其嚴(yán)格。

共同基金的種類,按證券投資基金組織形式可分為:契約型(Contract Type)和公司型(Company Type)。共同基金按交易方式可分為開放式基金、封閉式基金及股票交易所交易基金。按操作方式一般可分為主動(dòng)型基金及指數(shù)基金。依照資產(chǎn)類別,共同基金大致可分為股票型基金;債券型基金;貨幣型基金;平衡型基金;地產(chǎn)基金;原物料基金;避險(xiǎn)基金。除持有一般資產(chǎn)之外,經(jīng)理人可運(yùn)用更多的金融工具或手法,如期貨、選擇放空股票等手法來操作基金。

Fast Company 《快速雜志》

1995年11月由兩位前《哈佛商業(yè)評(píng)論》編輯艾倫?韋伯和比爾?泰勒創(chuàng)刊,秉承“世界的變革正在改變商業(yè),商業(yè)正在改變世界”的理念,為欲創(chuàng)造財(cái)富和變革商業(yè)的人士提供指南。被標(biāo)榜為“革命手冊(cè)”的《Fast Company》雜志提供有關(guān)規(guī)模管理、主導(dǎo)議題和技術(shù)的最新思想,如團(tuán)隊(duì)、參與性管理、信息技術(shù)的影響等。

該雜志由Mansueto Ventures LLC公司出版,充滿理念和策略,分析和評(píng)估的商業(yè)雜志伴隨著商業(yè)而發(fā)展著,告訴讀者如何在全球商務(wù)領(lǐng)域中競爭,它是美國最富盛名和最具影響力的商業(yè)雜志之一,與《財(cái)富》、《商業(yè)周刊》、《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》等媒體成為美國乃至世界商業(yè)(經(jīng)濟(jì))領(lǐng)域的主流媒體。該雜志每年會(huì)在全球范圍內(nèi)尋找具有創(chuàng)造性商業(yè)理念、增長速度快、具備一定社會(huì)公益性的企業(yè)(或個(gè)人),通過資深的專業(yè)記者的投票評(píng)選出50名年度企業(yè)或個(gè)人,稱為“Fast 50”。

Home Depot

The Home Depot公司成立于1978年,由Bernie Marcus, Arthur Blank, Ron Brill 和Pat Farrah組建。它是全球最大的家具建材零售商,是僅次于沃爾瑪?shù)拿绹诙罅闶凵?2005年財(cái)政年度銷售額達(dá)815億美金。The Home Depot銷售各類建筑材料、家居用品和草坪花園產(chǎn)品,而且提供各類相關(guān)服務(wù)。The Home Depot標(biāo)準(zhǔn)店平均室內(nèi)占地接近9,758平方米,另外還有2,138平方米的戶外花園產(chǎn)品區(qū)域。除了The Home Depot標(biāo)準(zhǔn)店之外,還有主要為家庭裝修和改建項(xiàng)目提供產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的EXPO Design Center,面對(duì)專業(yè)客戶服務(wù)的 Home Depot Supply和 The Home Depot Landscape Supply。截止至2005年財(cái)政年度末,The Home Depot共有1,984家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)店遍布于美國、加拿大和墨西哥,34家EXPO Design Center,3家Home Depot Supply和 11家 The Home Depot Landscape Supply。另外還有兩家地板專營店在德克薩斯州和佛羅里達(dá)州主要經(jīng)營地板類產(chǎn)品。