吳元培

對(duì)形容詞、副詞的考查是高考一項(xiàng)重要考查內(nèi)容，考查的方向主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：

一、考查形容詞、副詞的作用與位置

形容詞修飾名詞，說(shuō)明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。常放在被修飾的名詞前作定語(yǔ)，或放在系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)，放在賓語(yǔ)之后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。而副詞則用來(lái)修飾形容詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞或句子，一般位于形容詞之前，動(dòng)詞之后或句子之首。

1.形容詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)后置。

______ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.

A.Brave enough studentsB.Enough brave students

C.Students brave enoughD.Students enough brave Key：C

2.表語(yǔ)形容詞well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake等作定語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)后置；有些表身體健康狀況的形容詞，如：well，faint，ill只作表語(yǔ)；sick既可作表語(yǔ)又可作定語(yǔ)。

Tom sounds very much ______ in the job，but Im not sure whether he can manage it.

A.interested B.interesting C.interestingly D.interestedly Key：A

3.形容詞用作定語(yǔ)，修飾不定代詞時(shí)，通常后置。

There is something wrong with my computer.

4.else常放在疑問(wèn)代詞和不定代詞之后，作后置定語(yǔ)。

I will never know what was on his mind at the time，nor will ______.

A.anyone B.anyone else C.no one D.no one else Key：B

5.enough，nearby修飾名詞時(shí)前置或后置，enough修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)，必須后置。

If I had ______，Id visit Europe，stopping at all the small interesting places.

A.a long enough holiday B.an enough long holiday

C.a holiday enough long D.a long holiday enough Key：A

6.幾個(gè)并列的形容詞作定語(yǔ)，其語(yǔ)序通常為：限定語(yǔ)（the，a，an）+所有格名詞及其修飾語(yǔ)+序數(shù)詞+記數(shù)詞（two，several，other，many）+描繪性形容詞+大/小/新/舊+形狀+年齡/時(shí)間+顏色+國(guó)籍/來(lái)源+材料+目的+名詞。

______ students are required to take part in the boat race.

A.Ten strong young ChineseB.Ten Chinese strong young

C.Chinese ten young strong D.Young strong ten Chinese Key：A

7.形容詞用作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______ in his lectures.

A.interested B.interesting C.interest D.to interest Key：A

8.形容詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。

After the long journey，the three of them went back home，______.

A.hungry and tiredly B.hungry and tired

C.hungrily and tiredly D.hungrily and tired Key：B

9.副詞用來(lái)修飾形容詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞或句子，一般位于形容詞之前，動(dòng)詞之后或句子之首。

Although she did not know Boston well，she made her way ______ to the Home Circle Building.

A.easy enoughB.enough easy

C.easily enoughD.enough easily Key：C

10.副詞的排列順序。

（1）兩個(gè)同一性質(zhì)的副詞用作狀語(yǔ)放在一起，小單位放在前面，大單位放在后面。

My uncle lives ______ 103 Chaoyang Street in Beijing.His flat is ______ the tenth floor.

A.of；to B.on；at C.in；on D.at；on Key：D

（2）地點(diǎn)副詞作狀語(yǔ)一般放在前面，時(shí)間副詞作狀語(yǔ)放在后面。

Lincoln was shot at a theatre in Washington D.C on April 14th，1865.

二、考查對(duì)形容詞、副詞詞義的理解與辨析

1.close與closely。

close意思是“近”；closely意思是“仔細(xì)地”。

It was raining heavily.Little Mary felt cold，so she stood ______ to her mother.

A.close B.closely C.closed D.closing Key：A

Watch him closely.

2.almost與nearly。

兩者都可以修飾all，every，always等詞，都可以用于否定句；但在very，pretty，not后用nearly，不用almost；在any，no，none，never前用almost，不用nearly。

I almost never see her.

not nearly意思是“遠(yuǎn)非”。

Im not nearly ready.

3.late與lately。

late意為“晚、遲到”；lately 意思是“最近”。

You have come too late.

What have you been doing lately？

4.deep與deeply。

deep意思是“深”，表示空間深度；deeply時(shí)常表示感情上的深度，意思是“深深地”。

He pushed the stick deep into the mud.

Even my father was deeply moved by the film.

5.high與highly。

high表示空間高度；highly表示程度，相當(dāng)于much。

The kite is flying high.

I think highly of her opinion.

6.wide與widely。

wide表示空間寬度；widely意思是“廣泛地”、“在許多地方”。

He opened the door wide.

English is widely used in the world.

7.free與freely。

free的意思是“免費(fèi)”；freely 的意思是“無(wú)限制地”。

You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.

You may speak freely，say what you like.

三、形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)

1.原級(jí)的用法。

表示雙方在程度、性質(zhì)、特征等某方面相等時(shí)，用“as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as”的結(jié)構(gòu)；表示雙方不相等時(shí)，用“not so（as）+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as”的結(jié)構(gòu)；表示一方是另一方的若干倍時(shí)，用“倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as”的結(jié)構(gòu)。

He speaks English well indeed，but of course not ______ a native speaker.

A.as fluent asB.more fluent than

C.so fluently asD.much fluently than Key：C

2.比較級(jí)的用法。

（1）表示一方超過(guò)另一方時(shí)，用“比較級(jí)+than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。

The number of people present at the concert was ______ than expected.There were many tickets left.

A.much smallerB.much moreC.much largerD.many more Key：A

（2）表示一方不及另一方時(shí)，用“l(fā)ess+原級(jí)+than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。

Mary is less charming than Catherine.

（3）表示一方在程度或數(shù)量上超過(guò)另一方時(shí)，可在比較級(jí)前加程度副詞even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far，yet，by far等來(lái)修飾。

Youre driving too fast.Can you drive ______？

A.more slowly a bit B.slowly a bit more

C.a bit more slowly D.slowly more a bit Key：C

She is taller by far than her sister.

She is by far the taller of the two sisters.

（4）用“the+比較級(jí)+句子其他成分，the+比較級(jí)+句子其他成分”表示“越……越…… ”。

In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go，______.

A.our holiday will be better

B.our holiday will be the better

C.the better our holiday will be

D.the better will our holiday be Key：C

（5）用“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示自身程度的改變。

The weather is getting colder and colder.

The girl becomes more and more beautiful.

（6）某些以-ior結(jié)尾的形容詞如：inferior（劣等的，次的），superior（較好的，優(yōu)于……），junior（地位較低的、資歷較淺的、較年幼的），senior（年長(zhǎng)的、資格較老的、地位較高的、高級(jí)的）等進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，連接詞用to而不用than。

Mary is superior to Tom in physics.

（7）在比較從句中為了避免重復(fù)，我們通常用that（those）、one（ones）代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that指物，one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，而one只能代替可數(shù)名詞。

The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than ______ in the newspaper.

A.itB.thoseC.oneD.that Key：D

句中information是不可數(shù)名詞，用that 指代前面的information，以避免重復(fù)，故選D。

（8）倍數(shù)表達(dá)法。

a.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)+形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)+than+比較對(duì)象

The car runs twenty percent faster than the motor.

b.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)+than+比較對(duì)象+by+倍數(shù)

Line AB is longer than Line CD by twice.

c.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)+as+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as+比較對(duì)象

Ten years ago the population of our village was ______ that of theirs.

A.as twice large as B.twice as large as

C.twice as much as D.as twice much as Key：B

d.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)+the+度量名詞+of+比較對(duì)象

A rough estimate，Nigeria is ______ Great Britain.

A.three times the size as B.the size three times of

C.three times as the size ofD.three times the size of Key：D

3.最高級(jí)的用法。

（1）三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度時(shí)，用“the+形容詞或副詞最高級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語(yǔ)。

Tom is the tallest of the three.

He works （the） hardest in his class.

（2）最高級(jí)可被序數(shù)詞及much，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not quite，not really，nothing like等詞語(yǔ)所修飾。

This hat is by far/much/nearly/almost/not nearly/by no means/not quite/nothing like the biggest.

（3）favourite，excellent，extreme，perfect等表示“最高程度”的形容詞，本身就表示最高級(jí)，不能用比較級(jí)。

Whats your favourite sport？

（4）形容詞最高級(jí)修飾作表語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)的名詞、代詞時(shí)，被修飾的詞往往省略。

He is the tallest （boy） in his class.

（5）作狀語(yǔ)的副詞最高級(jí)前可以不加定冠詞。

Of all the boys he always leaves （the） latest.

（6）形容詞和副詞前面使用冠詞的情況。

a.形容詞最高級(jí)前一般要加定冠詞，副詞最高級(jí)前可加也可不加。

b.a most=very，表示“非?！薄?/p>

This is a most interesting book.

c.如果是兩個(gè)比較明確的比較對(duì)象，比較級(jí)前加the。

Of the two sisters，Betty is ______ one，and she is also the one who loves to be quiet.

A.a youngerB.a youngestC.the youngerD.the youngest Key：C

d.在same前一般要加the。

There at the door stood a girl about the same height as mine.

e.某些形容詞與定冠詞連用，可以泛指一類人或物。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the English，the Chinese。

The poor are losing hope.

The English have wonderful sense of humor.

（7）由as/so組成的形容詞或副詞短語(yǔ)。

a.as much as+不可數(shù)名詞

I like this jacket better than that one，but it costs almost three times ______.

A.as much B.as many C.so much D.so many Key：A

b.as many as+可數(shù)名詞

I have as many as sixteen reference books.

c.as early as早在

As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.

d.as far as遠(yuǎn)到；就……，據(jù)……

We might go as far as the church and back.

As far as I know，he has been there before.

e.may （might）as well 意為“最好，還是……好……”

You may as well value what you have.

四、注意下列詞語(yǔ)的用法

1.very和much的區(qū)別。

（1）可分等級(jí)的形容詞和副詞前使用very不用much。

（2）表示狀態(tài)的過(guò)去分詞前用very。如：a very frightened boy，a very tired child，a very complicated problem，一般情況下，以-ing，-ed結(jié)尾的分詞多用much，very much，greatly等修飾。

We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom.

I was much amused by Jacks attitude.

（3）已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的現(xiàn)在分詞前用very。如：very interesting/worrying/exciting。

（4）too前用much或far，不用very。

You are much/far/a lot too nice.

另外，在too many/much，too few/little前用far。

Theres far too little opportunity for adventure these days.

Weve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.

2.關(guān)于原級(jí)形容詞要記住下列固定的修飾結(jié)構(gòu)。

（1）修飾絕對(duì)意義的形容詞，一般不用very，而用quite，completely，well，entirely。如：quite wrong（mistaken，sure），completely dead，quite impossible，quite perfect等。

（2）修飾以a-開(kāi)頭的形容詞，多用特殊的修飾詞：quite alone，very much alone，wide awake，fast asleep，very much afraid。

（3）修飾一些特殊形容詞的修飾語(yǔ)有：be well worth，much the same，freezing cold，quite different，terribly cold/frightening，wide open。