王小英

◆詞匯、短語大看臺：

【易混詞語辨析】

1. say, speak, talk

(1) say, speak和talk均有“說”之意，但用法不同。

say一般作及物動詞，強調(diào)說話的內(nèi)容。例如：

Tom says, “I like art.”

(2) speak一般作不及物動詞，指說話的能力，不強調(diào)說話的內(nèi)容。speak也可作及物動詞，其后常接表示語言的名詞作賓語。例如：

The baby is only four months old and he cant speak. 這嬰兒只有四個月，他不會說話。

I can speak English. 我會說英語。

(3) talk一般作不及物動詞，著重指與人交談，不強調(diào)內(nèi)容。后跟介詞to或with時意為“與……談話”，后跟介詞about時意為“談?wù)撃呈隆?。例如?/p>

My mother is talking to / with our English teacher. 我媽媽正在和我們英語老師講話。

They often talk about movies. 他們經(jīng)常談?wù)撾娪啊?/p>

2. across, through

across 和through作介詞時都有“穿過”的意思，但二者的用法有區(qū)別。

(1) across 多表示從某一平面“橫過”，強調(diào)從一邊到另一邊。例如：

Look left and right before you go across the street. 過馬路前要左右看。

(2) through多表示從某一空間“通過”。例如：The river runs through our city. 這條河流經(jīng)我們市。

3. kind

kind作名詞時意為“種類”，但值得注意的是kind of = a little, 意為“有幾分，有點兒”，在非正式英語中(尤其是在美式英語中)常用作副詞，后接形容詞、動詞等。例如：

Im kind of tired. 我有點兒累。

She kind of hopes to go there. 她有點兒想去那兒。

而a kind of意為“……的一種，有點兒”，在非正式英語中表示不確切的事情。例如：

She has a kind of feeling that she will get a letter from her pen pal today. 她隱約感覺到她今天會收到筆友的信。

4. wear, put on

wear是及物動詞,表示“穿、戴”的狀態(tài)。put on是由“動詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的動詞短語,表示“穿、戴”的動作,當賓語是名詞時,名詞放在on的前后均可；當賓語是代詞時,代詞只能放在on的前面。例如：

He is wearing a red sweater. 他穿著一件紅色的毛衣。

Put on your hat. = Put your hat on. 戴上你的帽子。

This is your new shirt. Put it on. (不能說Put on it.) 這是你的新襯衫， 穿上吧。

5. wait

wait和 wait for都有“等待”的意思。wait為不及物動詞，不能直接帶賓語。若表示“等待某人或某物”時，要用wait for。例如：

Please wait at the bus station. 請在車站等。

Please wait for me at the school gate. 請在學校門口等我。

6. look at, see, watch

look, see和watch三個動詞都有“看”的意思。

(1) look表示有意識地看，強調(diào)“看”的動作，可以用進行時態(tài)。它是不及物動詞，如果表示“看……”，要和介詞at連用，后跟賓語。例如：

Look! Thats a car. 看！那是一輛小汽車。

May I have a look at your new book? 我可以看看你的新書嗎？

(2) see意為“看得見”， 強調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果，一般不能用進行時態(tài)。例如：

Its too dark. I cant see it. 太暗了，我看不見它。

Can you see the pictures? 你能看見那些畫嗎？

(3) watch意為“觀看；注視”，含有“注視”的意思，如收看電視、球賽、各種表演等。例如：

Do you watch TV every day? 你每天看電視嗎？

Watch what I do and how I do it. 仔細觀察我做些什么以及如何做的。

The students are watching a football game. 學生們正在看球賽。

【跟蹤訓練】

選用所給詞的正確形式填空。

say, speak, talk

1. Does Wang Lin ______ English?

2. Please ______ it in Chinese.

3. I want to _____ with your parents about your study.

across, through

4. Go ______ the bridge.

5. Lets walk ______ the village.

kind of, a kind of

6. It is ______ animal with long ears.

7. Tony ______ likes his new sweater.

wear, put on

8. Linda ______ a red hat today. She looks beautiful.

9. _______ the coat, Jack. Its cold outside.

10. In winter we need to ______ warm clothes.

wait, wait for

11. Time and tide ______ no man.

12. Dont ______ here.

look at, see, watch

13. ______ the blackboard, please.

14. Can you _____ the trees?

15. They often _____ a basketball match.

【重點短語小結(jié)】

1. like to do sth. / like doing sth. 喜歡做某事

兩者均意為“喜歡做某事”，區(qū)別在于前者意為“某一次喜歡做某事”，后者意為“經(jīng)常喜歡做某事或習慣性動作”。例如：

I like reading newspaper, but I dont like to read it today because I am too tired. 我喜歡看報紙，但今天不喜歡看，因為我太累了。

2. in front of / in the front of在……前面

in front of與in the front of 都表示“在……前面”，in front of指在物體外部的前面，而in the front of指在物體內(nèi)部的前面。例如：

The girl is standing in front of the bus. 這個女孩站在公共汽車前面。（在車外）

The girl is standing in the front of the bus. 這個女孩站在公共汽車的前部。(在車內(nèi))

3. have fun 玩得高興

have fun (in) doing sth. 意為“做某事很有意思/樂趣”，相當于have a good time。例如：

They have fun (in) swimming in the sea. 他們在海里游泳玩得很高興。

4. arrive in / at 到達

arrive in 后接大地點；arrive at 后接小地點。當后接副詞時，介詞應(yīng)省略。例如：

What time does the plane arrive in New York? 飛機何時抵達紐約？

We arrived at the station at 8 oclock last night. 我們昨晚八點鐘到達車站。

My parents arrived home at ten in the evening. 我父母晚上十點到家。（home可為副詞）5. take a walk散步

take a walk = have a walk = go for a walk = go out for a walk，注意此詞組walk前的a不能省略。例如：

We usually take a walk after meals. 我們通常飯后散步。

6. a few 少數(shù)的

a few修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示肯定意義，注意沒有不定冠詞a時，表示否定意義；而a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表示肯定意義，沒有不定冠詞a時則表示否定意義。例如：

She has a few books. 她有幾本書。

She has few books. 她幾乎沒有書。

Ann has a little money. 安有一點錢。

Ann has little money. 安幾乎沒有錢。

7. be afraid of對……害怕

be afraid of后可接名詞、代詞或動名詞，相當于be afraid to do sth.。例如：

The child is afraid of dogs. 那小孩怕狗。

The girl is afraid of swimming in the river. = The girl is afraid to swim in the river. 那女孩怕去河里游泳。

注意：be afraid that...是“恐怕”之意，后接從句，表示一種推測。例如：

Im afraid (that) she wont come here. 恐怕她不會來這里。

8. would like愿意

would like表示一種意愿,后可接名詞、代詞、不定式或不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，一般不接動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

Would you like some Coca-Cola? 你想要些可口可樂嗎？

Would you like to go to the movies? 你愿意去看電影嗎？

Id like to have you dance with me tonight. Are you free?我想約你今晚和我跳舞去，你有時間嗎？

注意：Would you like ...?一般不用would來回答，而用will，而后接不定式的回答時，必須是like / love to，不能省略to。例如：

—Would you like to join the art club?你愿意參加藝術(shù)俱樂部嗎？

—Yes, Id love / like to. 是的，我愿意。

【跟蹤訓練】

一、單項選擇。

16. They______ London very late that evening.

A. reach inB. arrived at

C. arrived inD. come down to

17. We have fun______ so many animals in

the zoo.

A. to seeB. seeingC. in seeD. saw

18. He can only speak______ French now.

A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. much

19. She is lonely, because she has______ friends.

A. a fewB. few C. a littleD. little

20. My father likes______ magazines, but today he likes______ movies.

A. reading; watching B. reading; to watch

C. to read; watchingD. to read; to watch

21. —Would you like something______?

—Yes, I______.

A. to drink; wouldB. drinking; would like C. to drink; will to

D. to drink; would love to

22. Would you like to go______?

A. walkB. for walk__

C. for a walkD. out a walk

23. Shes afraid______ alone at night.

A. of walkB. that walking

C. to walkingD. to walk

24. His cousin______ John were busy last weekend.

A. andB. as well as__

C. as wellD. with

25. I think penguins are______ lovely.

A. kind ofB. kind to__

C. a littleD. a few

二、用方框中所給短語的正確形式填空。

have fun, arrive at, take a walk, kind of,__in front of, like reading

26. There are some apple trees______ the house.

27. The girl______ drawing in the park.

28. I like koalas because theyre______ cute.

29. Mr Wang often______ after dinner.

30. We will______ Shanghai at seven oclock.

31. My little brother______ books.

◆重點句型秀風采：

【詢問語】

1. Wheres the hotel?

2. Is there a post office in the neighborhood?

3. How can I get to the pay phone?

4. Can you tell me the way to the post office?

5. Are there jazz CDs near where you live in?

6. Could you tell me where the supermarket is?

7. Is it the right way to the bank?

8. Wheres the clothing shop?

【參考答語】

1. Its over there.

2. Yes, there is.

3. Go straight and turn left. Its next to the video arcade.

4. Of course. Its on Fifth Avenue. Go straight. Turn left at the pop section. The post office is behind the supermarket.

5. Yes. Its down Bridge Street on the right.

6. Its across from the bank.

7. Yes. Its between the library and the supermanket.

8. Its on the fourth floor. Go upstairs and turn left.

【跟蹤訓練】

補全對話，根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容，完成下列空格，使對話完整。（每空一詞，含縮略詞）

A: Well, I dont think I want to buy__32__else.__33__go home.

B: But Im__34__for the pop CDs for my son. Do you know__35__I can buy them?

A: Im sorry I dont know. I__36__ask the way. (stopping a passerby) Excuse me, is there pop CDs__37__here?

C: Yes. Go straight and__38__right at No. 203 Central Street. Its__39__the post office and the library.

A:__40__a lot.

C: Youre__41.

32.______33.______34.______35.______ 36.______37.______38.______39.______ 40.______41.__

◆要點知識回放：

1. come from與be from是同義短語，但come from更強調(diào)動作。例如：

—Where do you come from? 你從哪里來？

—I come from the United States. 我來自美國。

2. 句型 “Where + be + sb. + from?”通常用來詢問“某人是什么地方的人/某人來自什么地方”。例如：

—Where are you from? 你來自哪里？

—Im from Shanghai. 我來自上海。

3. 句型 “Where + do/does + sb. + live?”用來詢問“某人住在何處”?；卮饡r，可以用完整的句子，也可以用“介詞+地名”，還可以直接回答地名。例如：

—Where does your pen pal live? 你的筆友住在哪里？

—He lives in New York. 他住在紐約。

4. there be句型和have都可表示“有”。there be 句型強調(diào)存在，表示“某處有某人或某物”；have強調(diào)擁有，表示“某人或某物擁有”或“某人或某物本身具有”。例如：

There is a girl near the pay phone. 公用電話附近有一個女孩。

There are two backpacks on my desk. 我的書桌上有兩個雙肩背包。

The table has four legs. 這張桌子有四條腿。

You have four apples, but she has only one. 你有四個蘋果，而她只有一個。

there be 句型各種句式的轉(zhuǎn)化都通過be來完成；含有have的句子需要借助助動詞do來實現(xiàn)句式的變化。

5. 由疑問副詞why引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句用來詢問原因，其答語常用because引導(dǎo)。漢語中通常說“因為……，所以……”，而英語中卻不能在一個句子中同時使用because和so，兩者只能用其一。例如：

Because he was ill yesterday, he didnt go to work. =He was ill yesterday, so he didnt go to work. 因為他昨天病了，所以沒有去上班。

6. Isnt he cute? 是一般疑問句的否定形式，但在語義上相當于一個肯定陳述句，表示對美好事物的贊嘆。此句可譯為“他多可愛??！”，相當于He is really cute.

一般疑問句的否定形式還常用來表示驚訝、懷疑等感情色彩。注意：回答時yes應(yīng)譯為“不”，no應(yīng)譯為“是的，對”。

7. 對某人現(xiàn)在的工作進行提問時常用下列句型：

①What+do/does+主語+do?

②What+is+ones+job?

③What+be+主語？

對以上三種句型回答時都可用“主語(I/He/She/We/They)+be+職業(yè)名詞”。例如：

—What does she do? 她是做什么工作的？

—Shes an English teacher. 她是位英語教師。

8. 對某人理想中的工作進行提問時常用句型 “What+do/does+主語+want to be?”，對此句型進行回答時常用“主語+want(s) to be +職業(yè)名詞”。例如：

—What does she want to be? 她想做什么工作？

—She wants to be a policewoman. 她想當警察。

9. 詢問某人的工作地點時常用句型“Where + do/does+主語+work?”，對此回答時常用 “主語+work(s) +地點狀語”。例如：

—Where does your elder sister work?你姐姐在哪里工作？

—She works in a shop. 她在一家商店工作。

10. Im watching TV. 是現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)的典型例句，表示說話的瞬間或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的活動或發(fā)生的動作。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：助動詞be+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。現(xiàn)在進行時經(jīng)常與表示現(xiàn)在的時間狀語連用。

【跟蹤訓練】

一、按要求完成下列句子，每空一詞。

42. Where is your good friend from? (改為同義句)

Where______ your good friend________________?

43. He livesin Nanjing. (對劃線部分提問)

______ ______he______?

44. There are some books on the desk. (改為一般疑問句)

______there______ books on the desk?

45. There is a new park across from the hospital. (改為否定句)

There______ ______ a new park across from the hospital.

46. He does itbecause he likes it