Juno

紐伯瑞兒童文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，又稱紐伯瑞獎(jiǎng)?wù)?，每年由美國圖書館學(xué)會頒發(fā)，專門獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)上一年度出版的英語兒童文學(xué)優(yōu)秀作品。獲獎(jiǎng)書籍在圖書館、學(xué)校和書店受到廣泛關(guān)注，出版商也會在每本獲獎(jiǎng)書籍的封面上都印上閃亮的紀(jì)念章。盡管該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)本身引起了公眾的廣泛關(guān)注，但你知道這獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)背后的人物約翰·紐伯瑞嗎？

John Newbery， called “The Father of Children's Literature"， was an English publisher of books who first made children's literature a lsustainable and 2profitable part of the literary market. He also supported and published the works of Christopher Smart， Oliver Goldsmith and Samuel Johnson. In 3）recognition of his achievements the Newbery Medal was named after him in 1922.

John Newbery was born in 1713 in Berkshire， England. The son of a farmer， he saw to his own education and through his efforts became 4apprenticed to a printer when he was sixteen years old. In 1740， Newbery established a publishing business in Reading. The venture proved so successful thatjust a few years later， he was ableto move to London to open a shop.

It was during this time that his first children's book A Little Pretty Pocket Book was published. It was filled with rhymes and 5）adages and came bound in a colorful cover appealing to children. The book also came with a ball for boys and a 6pincushion for girls. Records indicated that these items werered on one side and black on the other. When children did a good deed， they got a pin in the red side. When they did a bad deed， they gota pin in the black side. By modern standards the book was a little heavy on 7moral instruction， but it nonetheless aimed to instruct children in proper conduct with playfulness rather than discipline.

A Little Pretty Pocket Book was so successful that it allowed Newbery to move his shop to a more 8prestigious location by 1747. He continued to publish for both adults and children， working in upcoming products into the stories in a way that allowed his books to serve as marketing as well as stories.

Throughout the course of his career， Newbery published over one hundred books for children， popularizing the mostly non-existent genre to the point that today it is one of the most popular and profitable publishing categories. He published alphabet books， picture books， fairy tales， novels， and magazines. Newbery passed away in 1767 at the age of fifty-four.

In 1922， the Association for Library Service to Children created the John Newbery Medal as a way of honoring the most distinguished contribution to American literature for children， name for him due to his role in popularizing andadvocating for books for children. The Newbery Medal is awarded annually and is considered one of the most prestigious children's book awards in the nation.

1） sustainable 【se'stelnabl】 adj.可持續(xù)的

2） profitable 【proftabl】 adj.有利可圖的

3） recognition 【rekeg'nJn】n.承認(rèn)

4） apprenticed 【e'prentust】 v.學(xué)徒

5） adage 【aedld3】n.諺語

7） moral 【moral】 adj.道德的

6） pincushion 【'pinkoJn】n.針墊

8） prestigious 【pre'std3es】 adj.受尊敬的

約翰·紐伯瑞被稱為“兒童文學(xué)之父”，他是一個(gè)英語書籍的出版商，他率先使兒童文學(xué)成為文學(xué)市場中可持續(xù)的、營利的部分。他支持并出版了克里斯托弗。斯瑪特、奧利弗。戈德史密斯和塞繆爾。約翰遜的著作。為了表彰他的成就，紐伯瑞獎(jiǎng)?wù)掠?922年以他的名字命名。

紐伯瑞于1713年出生于英國伯克郡。他是一個(gè)農(nóng)民的兒子，自學(xué)成才，16歲時(shí)通過自己的努力成為印刷廠的學(xué)徒。1740年，紐伯瑞在雷丁開設(shè)了一家出版公司。公司取得了成功，僅僅幾年后，他就搬到倫敦開設(shè)了一家商店。

就是這段時(shí)間，他的第一本兒童讀物《小巧的袖珍書》出版。這本書里面充滿了韻律和格言，并配有彩色的封面，吸引了孩子們。這本書還附帶了一個(gè)男孩專用的球和女孩專用的針墊。這些物品的一側(cè)是紅色，而另一側(cè)是黑色。當(dāng)孩子們做了一件好事時(shí)，他們在紅色一面插上針。當(dāng)他們做了壞事時(shí)，他們在黑色一面插上針。按照現(xiàn)代標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這本書在道德指導(dǎo)上有點(diǎn)繁重，但它的目的是通過嬉戲而不是紀(jì)律來指導(dǎo)孩子正確的舉止。

《小巧的袖珍書》如此暢銷，以致紐伯瑞得以在1747年之前將他的商店搬到更加享有盛名的位置。他繼續(xù)為成人和兒童出版圖書，并在故事中融入產(chǎn)品，從而使得書籍既可以玩又可以閱讀。

在整個(gè)職業(yè)生涯中，紐伯瑞出版了一百多本針對兒童的書籍，普及了原來幾乎不存在的這類書籍，以至于如今兒童書籍已成為最受歡迎和最賺錢的出版類別之一。他出版了字母書籍、圖畫書、童話、小說和雜志。

紐伯瑞于1767年去世，享年54歲。

1922年，美國兒童圖書館服務(wù)協(xié)會創(chuàng)建了約翰·紐伯瑞獎(jiǎng)?wù)?，以紀(jì)念紐伯瑞對美國兒童文學(xué)做出的最杰出貢獻(xiàn)，紐伯瑞獎(jiǎng)?wù)乱蚱湓谄占昂统珜?dǎo)兒童讀物方面的作用而得名。紐伯瑞獎(jiǎng)?wù)旅磕觐C發(fā)一次，被認(rèn)為是美國最負(fù)盛名的兒童讀物獎(jiǎng)之一。