一、先讀問(wèn)題,弄清考查要點(diǎn),以便能帶著問(wèn)題看文章,這樣會(huì)心中有數(shù),有的放矢。
二、快速瀏覽全文,掌握全貌,注意發(fā)現(xiàn)與問(wèn)題有關(guān)的信息,如果時(shí)間緊,至少要掃視一下首段和尾段。再把標(biāo)題和文章內(nèi)容結(jié)合起來(lái)想一想,這樣全文大意便清楚了。此時(shí),不要忙于答題。
三、細(xì)讀原文,捕捉相關(guān)信息詞,掌握短文細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。這是解題的關(guān)鍵,應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點(diǎn):
1. 抓住四個(gè)“W”和一個(gè)“H”,就是邊讀邊用鉛筆做些標(biāo)記,把What (事件),When(時(shí)間),Where(地點(diǎn)),Why(原因),How(經(jīng)過(guò))畫(huà)出來(lái)。抓住了四個(gè)“W”和一個(gè)“H”,就抓住了文章的全貌,一些直接性的問(wèn)題便可解決。
2. 抓住連接詞及起關(guān)鍵作用的副詞、代詞、介詞、插入語(yǔ)等。因?yàn)檫@些詞具有因果,讓步,遞進(jìn),轉(zhuǎn)折,指代,列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下文的特殊功能。這對(duì)考生分清文章層次,辨明各種關(guān)系,了解人物心理,推斷作者意圖,進(jìn)行邏輯推理等手段來(lái)分析難點(diǎn),都具有舉足輕重的作用。
3. 注意領(lǐng)會(huì)文章的寓意。
4. 根據(jù)題意,初選答案。這一步須仔細(xì)審題,領(lǐng)會(huì)測(cè)試要求,確定解題方法。對(duì)那些明顯的,有把握的題可以斷然確定,不必把其余三個(gè)答案再作推敲而浪費(fèi)時(shí)間:有些略難的題,應(yīng)再查閱短文(不是重讀一遍),迅速找出依據(jù),予以排除。常用的解題方法有如下幾種:
① 直接解題法。即從原文中直接找出答案。
② 歸納解題法。對(duì)于不能從原文中直接找出答案的題,可在把握全文中心和線索的前提下進(jìn)行概括、歸納得出正確答案。
③ 綜合推理法。讀者需統(tǒng)觀全文,認(rèn)真分析,綜合推理乃至計(jì)算,最后歸納出正確答案。題干中有“suggest, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to”等字眼時(shí),屬于推斷概括型,考查內(nèi)容著眼于全篇,考生應(yīng)具備一定的分析、歸納和推理等邏輯思維能力。
④ 捕捉關(guān)鍵詞。在閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)該注意與問(wèn)題相關(guān)的同義詞,近義詞,反義詞或同位詞等信息詞來(lái)得出正確答案。
⑤ 轉(zhuǎn)換解題法。即原文是一種說(shuō)法,而在問(wèn)題和所給選項(xiàng)中則用另外的詞去轉(zhuǎn)換一種說(shuō)法,但仍表示同一含義。
⑥ 排除法。根據(jù)語(yǔ)言,句法結(jié)構(gòu),信息詞和常識(shí),在沒(méi)有把握的選項(xiàng)中用排除法得出正確答案。
四、重讀原文,仔細(xì)斟酌,核對(duì)答案。在解完最后一道題后,如果時(shí)間允許,再將原文讀一遍;用全文的主題思想統(tǒng)率各思考題,研究其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系,目的在于對(duì)所做答案進(jìn)一步審查,推出未解答的題,以便減少失誤。
典型例題分析:根據(jù)內(nèi)容,從短文后每題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳的一項(xiàng)。
Mr Brown first went to look at the underground fire when he was seven. “Through the hole(洞) in the earth you could see the orange fire, but you had to look fast because it was so hot,” said Mr Brown. In 1898, he saw the fire once more(再一次).
Now, we can only see the smoke. The fire Mr Brown saw is not the underground fire. In fact, there are 260 coal(煤) fires in the world. They are harmful(有害) and dangerous. Then how to put them out?
Scientists have tried to set(放置) fire to underground coal to speed up(加速) the fires. In this way, the burning(燃燒) of underground coal would be soon finished(被燒完).
1. Mr Brown first saw the underground fire ____.
A. at the age of sevenB. seven years old
C. in the year of 1898D. more than(超過(guò)) 80 years ago
2. Mr Brown said that we had to take a fast look at the fire because ____.
A. it was in the holeB. it was very hot
C. it was orange D. it was harmful
3. How many coal fires are there in the world? ____.
A. There’s only oneB. It’s hard to say
C. There are 260D. The article(文章) doesn’t tell us
4. What’s one of the best ways to put out(撲滅) the underground fire? ____.
A. To cover(覆蓋)the holes with stones(石塊)
B. To speed up the fires
C. To see the fires burning
D. To do some experiments(試驗(yàn))
5. What is the best title(標(biāo)題) for the article? ____.
A. Watching the Underground FireB. A Way to Put Out the Coal Fires
C. The Burning EarthD. Coal and Coal Fires
[分析] 1.在文章的第一段的第一句里可以找到依據(jù)。at the age of seven 等于when he was seven,故正確答案為A。2.這一題可以在第一段里直接找到答案,屬于直接回答題。正確答案為B。3.這一題可以在第二段里直接找到答案,屬于直接回答題。正確答案為C。4.在文章的最后一段提到了撲滅火的最好方法,那就是使火加速燃燒。正確答案為 B。5.完成這道題需作一定的歸納,因?yàn)槲恼轮袥](méi)有給出直接的回答。文章從Mr Brown兩次看火,然后說(shuō)出地下火的危害,最后提出如何滅火的方法。文章的前兩段是給為什么要滅火和如何滅火作鋪墊,如何滅火才是文章的中心。故正確答案為B。