1. can; be able to
二者都可以表示“能”、“會”,當(dāng)表示現(xiàn)在和過去“力所能及”時,一般可以相互換用。例如:
I can/am able to speak a little English now. 我現(xiàn)在會說一些英語。
He was able to/could swim when he was eight years old. 他八歲就會游泳。
但它們也有區(qū)別:
1) be able to的過去時還可以表示一種“經(jīng)過努力做到了”的意思,can的過去時則沒有這種意義。例如:
He started late, but he was able to catch the eight o’clock train.
他出發(fā)晚了,但他努了一把力,還是趕上了八點鐘的火車。
2) can通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時,而be able to可用于各種時態(tài)。例如:
You will be able to learn another foreign language in two years.
兩年后你將能夠?qū)W會另一門外語。
He hasn’t been able to go to office for a month. 他已經(jīng)一個月沒能上班了。
3) be able to可用于不定式的后面,而can則不行。例如:
I hope to be able to go fishing with you. 我希望能和你一起去釣魚。
4) 在表示猜測時,只能用can, 而不能用be able to。例如:
Mr. Green can’t be at home now. 現(xiàn)在格林先生不可能在家。
[小試牛刀]請選用以上詞語的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. He tried hard and ____ swim across the river.
2. I ____ finish the work next week.
3. My little brother ____ ride a bike when he was only six years old.
4. I hope to ____ go to the movies with you.
Key:1.was able to 2.shall be able to 3.could/was able to 4.be able to
2. dress; put on; wear; in
這四個詞均有“穿、戴”之意,但用法不同:
1)dress可指穿衣服的動作,用作不及物動詞時,表示“穿好衣服”,用作及物動詞時,后面要接“人”,不接“衣服”,表示“給某人穿衣服”。例如:
She washed, dressed and went out. 她洗完臉穿好衣服就出去了。
My daughter is old enough to dress herself. 我的女兒長大了,可以自己穿衣服了。
Could you dress the child for me? 你能不能替我給孩子穿上衣服?
dress也可以指“穿著”衣服的狀態(tài)。例如:
She always dresses in red. 她總是穿紅色的衣服。
He dresses well. 他穿得體面。
2)put on意為“穿上、戴上”,指穿戴的動作,強調(diào)從沒穿戴到穿上、戴上這一動作的轉(zhuǎn)變。如:
This is your new shirt. Put it on, please. 這是你的新襯衣。請把它穿上。
3)wear意為“穿著、戴著”,強調(diào)穿戴的狀態(tài)。如:
She is wearing a red coat today. 今天她穿著一件紅色的上衣。
4)in是介詞,也可以用來表示“穿著、戴著”,be in相當(dāng)于be wearing?!癷n+表示顏色的詞”可以用來表示穿某種顏色的衣服。如:
The girl in the hat is Lucy. 戴著帽子的女孩是露西。
She is in white today. 今天她穿著白色的衣服。
[小試牛刀]請選用以上詞語的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. It’s much too cold today. Please ____ your new coat.
2. The boy is old enough to ____ himself.
3. What size shoes do you ____?
4. Do you know the girl ____ red?
Key:1.put on 2.dress 3.wear 4.in
3. so; such
so與such都表示“如此的”,“這么,這樣”,so用來修飾形容詞和副詞;而such常用作形容詞,用來修飾名詞。例如:
She is so young. 她這么年輕。
He works so hard. 他工作那么努力。
She is such a good girl. 她真是個好女孩。
請看記憶口訣:
名前such, 形、副so①,多多少少(many, much, few, little)仍用so②。
注:①名詞前面要用such。so后常跟形容詞或副詞。
He sings so well. 他唱得那么好。
They are such good teachers. 他們是多么好的老師。
如such后接單數(shù)名詞,a(an)應(yīng)放在such之后,不可放在前面。例如:
I have never seen such an interesting film. 我從未看過這么有趣的電影。
②如名詞前有 many, much, few, little修飾,應(yīng)用so,不用such。例如:
She has so many books. 她有這么多書。
There is so little time that we can’t finish the work on time.
時間那么少,我們不能按時完成那項工作。
[特別提醒]當(dāng)little不表示“少”的意思時,其前仍用such。例如:
They are such little children that they can’t do anything. 他們是小孩子,什么也不能做。
另外;“such a(an)+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞”可以轉(zhuǎn)換成:“so+形容詞+a(an)+單數(shù)名詞”。例如:
This is such an interesting story that we all want to listen to it.
=This is so interesting a story that we all want to listen to it.
請注意,so可用作代詞,用在諸如:I hope so.(我希望如此。) I don’t think so.(我不這樣想。)等等這類句型中。such不能用于此類句型。例如:
——Will it be fine tomorrow?明天會是晴天嗎?
——I hope so. 我希望如此。
[小試牛刀]請選用以上詞語的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. It was ____ a hot day that we didn’t want to move.
2. Where can we get ____ much money to buy the color TV set?
3. ____ few books are not enough for ____ many children to read.
4. Don’t swim in ____ cold weather.
Key: 1.such 2.so 3.So, so 4.such
4. besides; except; except for
besides, except, 與except for 都有“除外”的含義,但其用法有較大區(qū)別。
(1) besides 意為“除……外,還有……”(包括“除……外”的內(nèi)容),相當(dāng)于with或plus(加), 表示一種累加關(guān)系。例如:
There are three more visitors besides me. 除了我外,還有三名參觀者。(“我”也是包括在“參觀者”之內(nèi))
(2) except意為“除……外,不再有……”(不包括“除……外”的內(nèi)容),相當(dāng)于without或minus(減),表示一種排除關(guān)系。例如:
We go to school every day except Sunday and Saturday. 除周末外我們每天上學(xué)。(“周末”不包括在“每天”之內(nèi))
(3) except for與except的用法有所不同,except主要用來談?wù)撏悥|西,而except for則用來談?wù)摬煌悥|西,在說明情況后在細節(jié)上加以修正。例如:
We go there every day except Sunday.
除星期天外我們每天都去那兒。(every day 和Sunday都表示時間)
We had a pleasant time, except for the weather.
我們玩得很痛快,只是天氣不太好。(time表示時間,而weather表示天氣)
[小試牛刀]請選用以上詞語的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. Did he give you anything else ____ the book?
2. We have classes every day ____ Sunday.
3. ____ English, we study Chinese, math, physics, chemistry and other subjects.
4. I don’t like this cloth and, ____ it costs too much.
5. He is a polite student ____ his bad grades.
Key:1.besides 2.except 3.Besides 4.besides 5.except for