The Nobel committee announced the winners of this year's Nobel Prizes early in October. The Nobel Prize， awarded \"for the betterment of humanity，\" is considered the height of achievement in many fields， with an accompanying prize purse of 10 million Swiss kroner (approx. $1.3 million dollars). The prize is normally dominated by Europeans， Americans， and Japanese， although there have been six Chinese-born winners.

諾貝爾委員會(huì)在10月上旬宣布了今年的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者。諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)是為“改善人類(lèi)生活”而設(shè)，被看作不同領(lǐng)域中頂尖成果的證明，獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)咄瑫r(shí)還獲得1000萬(wàn)瑞士克郎（約合130萬(wàn)美元）獎(jiǎng)金。雖然已經(jīng)有6位華裔諾貝爾獲得者，但該獎(jiǎng)通常都是被歐洲人、美國(guó)人和日本人摘取。

The Medicine prize centered on unusual infectious diseases， with half the prize money going to the German scientist Harald zur Hausen for his work on the human papilloma virus (HPV) in the 1970s， and the rest going to two French scientists， Franccedil;oise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier， the discovers of the Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV) that causes AIDS. HPV is an unusual virus which can cause certain types of cervical cancer in women.

諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)側(cè)重于罕見(jiàn)的傳染病醫(yī)學(xué)研究。德國(guó)科學(xué)家哈拉爾德#8226;楚爾#8226;豪森在20世紀(jì)70年代對(duì)人類(lèi)乳突淋瘤病毒的研究做出杰出貢獻(xiàn)，獲得此獎(jiǎng)的一半獎(jiǎng)金，兩名法國(guó)科學(xué)家弗朗索瓦絲#8226;巴爾—西諾西和呂克#8226;蒙塔尼因發(fā)現(xiàn)引起艾滋病的人類(lèi)免疫缺陷病毒而獲得此獎(jiǎng)的另一半獎(jiǎng)金。人類(lèi)乳突淋瘤病毒是引發(fā)子女性宮頸癌的一種罕見(jiàn)病毒。

Yoichiro Nambu， Makoto Kobayashi， and Toshihide Maskawa， three Japanese-born scientists， split the Physics prize for their work on \"spontaneously broken symmetry\" and their successful prediction of undiscovered families of quarks， which deepened our understanding of how the universe was born. The Chemistry prize went to Osamu Shimomura， Martin Chalfie， and Roger Tsien for their work on green molecular protein， a glowing substance extracted from jellyfish that allows scientists to trace the processes of disease by attaching it to other cells.

南部陽(yáng)一郎、小林誠(chéng)和益川敏英這三名日裔科學(xué)家因他們發(fā)現(xiàn)“亞原子物理的對(duì)稱(chēng)性自發(fā)破缺機(jī)制”，以及對(duì)之前未曾發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)的夸克的成功預(yù)言而共同獲得諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)?？淇思由盍宋覀儗?duì)宇宙起源的理解。諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)由下村脩、馬丁#8226;查非和錢(qián)永健共同摘取。他們從水母身上分離出了綠色熒光蛋白（GFP），科學(xué)家通過(guò)將綠色熒光蛋白標(biāo)記在其它細(xì)胞上從而跟蹤疾病發(fā)展的過(guò)程。

Perhaps the most controversial award was in Economics， where the Nobel Memorial Medal was awarded to Paul Krugman， an American economist， for his work on international trade.Krugman has become a famous critic of the Bush administration， writing a weekly column for the New York Times which regularly excoriates the Republican party's economic， domestic， and international policies. Right-wing American commentators claimed the prize had been awarded because of anti-Bush feeling among the judges， but economists widely praised Krugman's work.

可能最具爭(zhēng)議的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)要數(shù)諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域，美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家保羅#8226;克魯格曼因在國(guó)際貿(mào)易方面的貢獻(xiàn)而榮獲諾貝爾紀(jì)念獎(jiǎng)?？唆敻衤恐転槎ㄆ诔庳?zé)共和黨在經(jīng)濟(jì)、國(guó)內(nèi)及國(guó)際等方面采取的政策的《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》撰寫(xiě)專(zhuān)欄文章，成為知名的布什政府批評(píng)者。美國(guó)右翼評(píng)論家稱(chēng)該獎(jiǎng)的頒發(fā)是因?yàn)樵u(píng)委中有反布什情緒，不過(guò)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們還是廣泛稱(chēng)贊克魯格曼所做出的貢獻(xiàn)。

The peace prize， often politically divisive， went to the Finnish ex-President Martti Ahtisaari.Many believed that the prize was likely to go to a political dissident from an authoritarian country this year， but the committee chose to avoid controversy， instead awarded Ahtisaari the prize for his traditional efforts in conflict resolution \"over three decades and five continents.\" Ahtisaari was a largely unsuccessful President， but has been widely acclaimed for his diplomatic work.Literature， meanwhile， went to French author JMG Le Clézio， cheering a nation where concerns about \"cultural decline\" have caused gloom in the past.

時(shí)常具有政治分歧性質(zhì)的諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)被頒發(fā)給了芬蘭前總統(tǒng)馬爾蒂#8226;阿赫蒂薩里。很多人認(rèn)為今年這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)很可能會(huì)被頒發(fā)給一名來(lái)自專(zhuān)制國(guó)家的持不同政見(jiàn)者，但是委員會(huì)選擇避免爭(zhēng)議，將此獎(jiǎng)?lì)C發(fā)給阿赫蒂薩，以表彰其三十多年來(lái)在五大洲為解決國(guó)際沖突而作出的卓越貢獻(xiàn)。阿赫蒂薩在很大程度上來(lái)說(shuō)不是個(gè)成功的總統(tǒng)，但他因其外交成果而被廣泛稱(chēng)贊。與此同時(shí)，法國(guó)作家讓#8226;馬瑞爾#8226;古斯塔夫#8226;勒#8226;克萊齊奧摘得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，使曾經(jīng)因擔(dān)憂(yōu)“文學(xué)枯竭”而沮喪的法國(guó)國(guó)民欣喜異常。