姜經(jīng)志

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是中考英語的考查熱點(diǎn)之一。本文以近幾年全國部分省市的中考試題為例，對(duì)常考查的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)作一歸納，希望能對(duì)同學(xué)們的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。

[考點(diǎn)一] 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

[點(diǎn)撥] (1) 概念：表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或特征，還表示普遍真理或客觀事實(shí)。(2) 與之連用的時(shí)間狀語有always，often，usually，sometimes，every day，once a week等。(3) 適用的動(dòng)詞種類有：系動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞。(4) 注意：如果主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞末尾要加-s或-es；在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)間。例如：

1. Every year many foreigners________to China to learn Chinese.

A. have come B. comes

C. came D. come

[答案與簡(jiǎn)析] 答案為D。every year通常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用。主語many foreigners含復(fù)數(shù)意義，故謂語動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式。

2. Your teacher will be unhappy if you________to school late.

A. come B. will come

C. are coming D. came

[答案與簡(jiǎn)析] 答案為A。主句中will be表示將來時(shí)間，在if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)間。

3. —Is your father a doctor?

—Yes，he is. He________in Town Hospital.

A. has worked B. had worked

C. works D. worked

[答案與簡(jiǎn)析] 答案為C。由答語“Yes，he is.” 我們可知，接下來的句子中應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

4. A large number of students in this school________from the country. They work very hard.

A. come B. comes C. came D. coming

[答案與簡(jiǎn)析] 答案為A。后一句“They work very hard”說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，那么前一句也應(yīng)指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。主語a large number of students意為“許多學(xué)生”，含復(fù)數(shù)意義，故謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為come。

5. Tom is strong and he________to school every day.

A. walked B. walks

C. will walk D. has walked

[答案與簡(jiǎn)析] 答案為B。前一分句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是is，后一分句的時(shí)間狀語是every day，由此我們可以判斷，此句中的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，空白處填walks。

[考點(diǎn)二] 一般過去時(shí)

[點(diǎn)撥] (1) 概念：表示過去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，還表示過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或行為。(2) 與之連用的時(shí)間狀語有yesterday，last week，... ago，just now，in 1998等。(3) 適用的動(dòng)詞形式：系動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞的過去式。注意：動(dòng)詞過去式的不規(guī)則變化。例如：

1. —How was your weekend?

—Great! We________a picnic by the lake.

A. have B. are having

C. had D. will have

[答案與簡(jiǎn)析] 答案為C。根據(jù)常識(shí)，若別人問你“周末過得怎么樣?”，那一定是在問你已經(jīng)過去的那個(gè)周末。再看問句中的was，說明答句中要用一般過去時(shí)。

2. —Excuse me. You cant take photos here. Look at the sign! It says “NO PHOTOS”.

—Sorry，I________it.

A. dont see B. didnt see

C. wont see D. havent seen

[答案與簡(jiǎn)析] 答案為B。本句中雖沒有明顯的時(shí)間狀語，但從句意理解，顯然答話人沒看到“禁止拍照”的標(biāo)志是剛才發(fā)生的事，故空白處的行為動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為一般過去時(shí)的否定式。

3. —Wheres the cake I made this morning?

—We________it，mom. Can you make another one for us?

A. ate B. eat

C. will eat D. were eating

[答案與簡(jiǎn)析] 答案為A。媽媽問：“我今天早上做的蛋糕在哪里?”孩子答道：“媽媽，我們把它吃了。你能給我們?cè)僮鲆粋€(gè)嗎?”可見，吃蛋糕的事是過去發(fā)生的，空白處應(yīng)填ate。

[考點(diǎn)三] 一般將來時(shí)

[點(diǎn)撥] (1) 概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)以及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。(2) 與之連用的時(shí)間狀語有tomorrow，next week，in two hours，soon等。(3) 適用的動(dòng)詞形式為“will/shall + 動(dòng)詞原形”；“be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形”。(4) 注意：come，go，arrive，leave，start等動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)形式可以表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：

1. —Jim，can you help me to wash the dishes?

—Sorry，Dad. I________to the shop.

A. go B. went

C. am going D. have been

[答案與簡(jiǎn)析] 答案為C。爸爸問：“吉姆，你能幫我洗盤子嗎?”兒子答道：“對(duì)不起，爸爸，我要去商店?！庇纱丝芍?，“我要去商店”是將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

2. Frank________a film if hes free next Saturday.

A. see B. saw

C. has seen D. will see

[答案與簡(jiǎn)析] 答案為D。if從句中的時(shí)間狀語next Saturday是將來時(shí)間。依照邏輯推斷，主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為一般將來時(shí)。

3. —Do you know when Dr White________for dinner this evening?

—No，but I think he________when he is free.

A. will come；comes B. will come；will come

C. comes；comes D. comes；will come

[答案與簡(jiǎn)析] 答案為B。問句中when引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，this evening指將來時(shí)間；答句中when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句，其中的is free是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)間，據(jù)此，空白處應(yīng)填will come。

[考點(diǎn)四] 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

[點(diǎn)撥] (1) 概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。(2) 與之連用的時(shí)間狀語有now，these days，at this moment等。(3) 適用的動(dòng)詞形式為“助動(dòng)詞be (am，is，are) + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”。(4) 注意：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常與look或listen等提示詞連用，也可以通過上下文的情景來確定。例如：

1. —Whats your brother doing in his room now?

—He________a kite.

A. make B. is making

C. made D. will make

[答案與簡(jiǎn)析] 答案為B。提問者說：“你弟弟正在房間里干什么?”回答者說：“他在做風(fēng)箏。”根據(jù)此句意我們可以推斷，答句中應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

2. —Shall we go shopping now?

—Sorry，I cant. I________my shirts.

A. wash B. washes

C. washed D. am washing

[答案與簡(jiǎn)析] 答案為D。問話者說：“我們?nèi)ベ徫锖脝?”回答者說：“對(duì)不起，我不能去。我正在洗襯衫?！备鶕?jù)句意我們可以推斷，空白處應(yīng)填am washing。

[考點(diǎn)五] 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

[點(diǎn)撥] (1) 概念：表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一階段內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。(2) 與之連用的時(shí)間狀語有at that time，at this time yesterday，from 8 to 10 last night等及由when等引導(dǎo)的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語從句等。(3) 適用的動(dòng)詞形式為“was/were + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”。例如：

1. I________my homework while my parents________TV last night.

A. did；have watched B. was doing；were watching

C. had done；were watching D. would do；were watching

[答案與簡(jiǎn)析] 答案為B。從句意看，while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中的動(dòng)作和主句中的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)進(jìn)行的，從時(shí)間狀語last night我們可以推斷，主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞都要用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

2. My sister________her book in the classroom when her teacher came in.

A. read B. reads

C. was reading D. is reading

[答案與簡(jiǎn)析] 答案為C。從句意看，when從句中的動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作進(jìn)行的過程中。從句中用一般過去時(shí)，主句應(yīng)該用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

3. I was too excited to fall asleep that night as I________of seeing Yang Liwei，the first Chinese astronaut.

A. am thinking B. thought

C. was thinking D. think

[答案與簡(jiǎn)析] 答案為C。主句用一般過去時(shí)，要表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的事情，從句中就應(yīng)該用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

[考點(diǎn)六] 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

[點(diǎn)撥] (1) 概念及時(shí)間狀語：表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，此時(shí)常與already，before，just，yet等副詞連用；表示開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，此時(shí)常與“for + 段時(shí)間”或“since + 點(diǎn)時(shí)間或從句”連用。(2) 適用的動(dòng)詞形式：“have/has + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”。(3) 注意：短暫性動(dòng)詞不能與“for + 段時(shí)間”或since引出的時(shí)間狀語連用，但有時(shí)也能根據(jù)意思上的需要將這些短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。此時(shí)，也能與這些時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：

1. —Kitty，will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evening?

—No，I wont. I________it already.

A. saw B. have seen

C. see D. will see

[答案與簡(jiǎn)析] 答案為B。根據(jù)答句句末的副詞already判斷，句子的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

2. Gone with the Wind is a well-known novel. She________it twice.

A. read B. is reading

C. reads D. has read

[答案與簡(jiǎn)析] 答案為D。該句意為“《飄》是一部非常著名的小說，她已經(jīng)看過兩遍了”。根據(jù)后面的twice可以判斷，句子的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

3. —Havent I told you to do your homework as carefully as you can?

—Yes，but I________fewer mistakes than I usually do.

A. was making B. have made

C. will make D. had made

[答案與簡(jiǎn)析] 答案為B。問話者說：“難道我沒有告訴你做作業(yè)時(shí)要盡可能地細(xì)心?”答話者說：“你說過，但我出的錯(cuò)誤已經(jīng)比平時(shí)少多了?！贝司鋫?cè)重于目前的情況，故空白處應(yīng)填have made。

4. —Has the match started?

—Started? Finished! Guo Yue________the match.

A. is winning B. wins

C. will win D. has won

[答案與簡(jiǎn)析] 答案為D。問話者說：“比賽開始了嗎?”答話者說：“開始?已經(jīng)結(jié)束了!郭躍贏了。”說明比賽發(fā)生在過去，現(xiàn)在郭躍已贏過球了。故此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

5. The life we were used to________greatly since 1992.

A. change B. has changed

C. changing D. have changed

[答案與簡(jiǎn)析] 答案為B。since引導(dǎo)的短語通常與動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。The life為句子的主語，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)形式has changed。we were used to是定語從句，修飾The life。

[考點(diǎn)七] 過去將來時(shí)

[點(diǎn)撥] (1) 概念：表示從過去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。(2) 適用的動(dòng)詞形式為“would + 動(dòng)詞原形”或“was/were going to + 動(dòng)詞原形”。(3) 與之連用的時(shí)間狀語有the next day，the following month等。例如：

—The train is leaving right now，but David hasnt arrived yet.

—Well，he said he________here on time.

A. came B. will be

C. would come D. can be

[答案與簡(jiǎn)析] 答案為C。答語是一個(gè)含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句，這是從主句he said表示過去的角度來描述他將要按時(shí)到這兒來。

[考點(diǎn)八] 過去完成時(shí)

[點(diǎn)撥] (1) 概念：表示過去某一時(shí)間以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或表示過去某動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或行為，即指“過去的過去”。(2) 與之連用的時(shí)間狀語有by the end of last year (week，month...)等介詞短語或before，when等引導(dǎo)的表示一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語從句。(3) 適用的動(dòng)詞形式為“had + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞”。例如：

—Why didnt you go to the movie yesterday?

—Because I________it before.

A. had watched B. have seen

C. have watched D. had seen

[答案與簡(jiǎn)析] 答案為D。“看電影”中的看，用see表示。see這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在went to the movie這一動(dòng)作之前，故用過去完成時(shí)。