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        初中英語總復習

        2008-09-28 07:40:40徐愛明
        中學生英語高效課堂探究 2008年7期
        關鍵詞:及物動詞介詞定語

        徐愛明

        一﹑初中英語易混詞辨析

        1.speak,tell,talk,say

        (1) speak表示“說話,講話”,著重開口發(fā)言,不強調說的內容,一般作不及物動詞。作及物動詞時,賓語只能是語言。

        (2) tell用作及物動詞,意為“告訴,告知;講(故事/謊言)”,后接名詞、代詞、雙賓語或復合賓語。

        (3) talk多用作不及物動詞,表示連續(xù)地說話,常用于talk about,talk to/with sb.。

        (4) say強調“說”的內容,其后可以直接加說話的內容、從句。另外說明書、報紙、書信、布告的“說”時,習慣用say 或read。

        【即時練習】

        Shall we go and______ hello to her?

        A.say B.speak C.shout D.talk

        2.put on,wear,dress,(be) in

        (1) put on表示“穿上、戴上”,穿著的對象可以是衣帽、鞋、襪子等,側重于穿戴這個短暫性動作,而不表示持續(xù)性狀態(tài);其反義詞為take off (脫下),是一個由“及物動詞 + 副詞”構成的動詞短語,它的賓語是名詞時,賓語可放在副詞on的前面或后面;如果賓語是代詞時,賓語必須放在副詞的前面。

        (2) wear 作“穿、戴”解時,其賓語可以是“衣帽”之類的物品,也可以是“項鏈”、“花朵”之類的裝飾品。注意:wear 還可以作“面露、面帶”解,其賓語多是“某種表情”(如微笑、氣憤等)。

        (3) dress 既可以指“穿著”的狀態(tài),也可以指“穿戴” 的動作;同時其“穿著”的對象只能為人,而非衣物。另外,可以用be dressed,get dressed 分別表示穿著的狀態(tài)和動作。

        (4) “be in + 服裝/顏色”也表示“穿著”的狀態(tài)。

        【即時練習】

        The woman______ the child quickly and took him to hospital.(2002 哈爾濱)

        A.put on B.dressed

        C.had on D.was wearing

        3.hope,wish,expect

        (1) wish后接不易實現的“愿望”;hope后往往表示可以實現的“希望”;expect指有把握、有信心的一種“期待”,常含有“等待發(fā)生”之意。三者都可接不定式作賓語,wish和expect還可接不定式作賓補,但hope不能。

        (2)三者都可接that從句,wish因為表示的愿望難以實現,所以從句中的謂語動詞通常用虛擬語氣。

        (3) wish可用來表示祝愿,而hope和 expect則不能。

        (4) hope和 expect可以和so或not連用,表示希望﹑期待某事會發(fā)生,而wish不能。

        (5) 作名詞時wish表示人的主觀愿望,hope表示客觀可能。

        【即時練習】

        ① I______ you success.

        A.wish B.hope C.expect D.may

        ②______ that he could come tomorrow.

        A.wish B.hope C.expect D.believe

        4.lots of,much,many,plenty of

        lots of表示“許多、大量”,相當于a lot of或plenty of ,既可修飾可數名詞,又可修飾不可數名詞,一般多用于肯定句中,在疑問句或否定句中常用much或 many代替。many 表示許多、大量,只能修飾可數名詞;much表示“許多、大量”,只能修飾不可數名詞;a lot 常用作狀語,表示“非常、相當”。

        【即時練習】

        So______ homework really makes the students feel tired.

        A.much B.many C.little D.few

        5.each,every

        each作形容詞時,用于修飾單數可數名詞;each作代詞時,用作單數,既可指人也可指物;each指兩個或兩個以上中的每一個,著重于指個體,如團體中的一個人或物。every。指三者或三者以上整體中的每一個,著重于整體,含有全體之意,只用作形容詞,不用作代詞。each可直接與of連用,而every要和 one,再加上of 連用。

        【即時練習】 ____ of them______ a new hat.

        A.Every;has B.Each;has

        C.Every;have D.Each;have

        6.want,would like

        (1) want表示“想,想要”,一般不用于進行時。其后接名詞、動詞不定式或不定式的復合結構,即want sth.,want to do sth.,want sb.to do sth.。

        (2) want表示“想要”,含有期盼的意思;而would like 常用于表達請求,語氣較委婉。

        【即時練習】

        She wants______ (go)______ (see) the film tonight.(動詞填空)

        7.also,too ,either ...

        (1) also表示“也”,比too更正式,通常用在肯定句中,位置緊靠動詞。

        (2) too與 also相比更口語化,一般用于句末,常常用于肯定句中。too 還可用來表示“太……”,常用于句型too + adj./adv.+to do sth.“太……而不能……”。

        (3) either 表示“也”,用于否定句中,常用于句末。

        【即時練習】

        If you dont want to go swimming,I wont,______.

        A.too B.also C.either D.neither

        8.across,over,through,cross

        (1) across 與over都有“越過”之意,但用法和含義上又有區(qū)別。對橫過道路、河流等“細長物”的表達時,兩個詞均可使用。但是,over 雖可用于指表面的接觸及跳(飛)越,但若指從水中渡過時則不能使用。從房間、原野、海洋等“平面延伸”的一端越到另一端時,不能使用over ,而需使用across。

        (2)就across 與through 來說,across著重指從一條線或一物體表面的一邊到另一邊,含義與on有關(有接觸的含義);through 意為“穿過,從……中通過”,著重指從空間的一頭縱穿到另一頭,含義與in有關(有在某個氛圍或范圍中的含義)。

        (3)從詞性上看across是介詞,而cross是動詞;在句子當中across 與動詞的某些搭配,常相當于動詞cross。

        【即時練習】

        The tourist______ the road when the traffic light was green.

        A.went along B.went through

        C.went across D.went over

        9.look,see,watch,read

        (1) look指“看”的過程,強調動作,是不及物動詞,跟賓語時要加at。

        (2) see指“看見”“看到”,強調“看”的結果,不能用進行時。它是及物動詞,可直接帶賓語,多用于“看電影、戲”等。

        (3) watch指為了欣賞或某種特定的目的而“觀看”,“注視”。它側重于目的性和動作過程,常用于“看電視、看球賽”等活動。

        (4) read多用于看文字性的東西,如“看書、看報”等。

        【即時練習】

        I______ around,but______ nobody.

        A.saw;looked B.read;saw

        C.looked;saw D.watched;read

        10.arrive,reach,get to

        (1) arrive用作不及物動詞,后接介詞表示到達某處。arrive后面的介詞,大體上按所到達的地點的大小來決定:at后接較小的場所,如鎮(zhèn)、家、店等;in后接較大的地方,如國家、大都市等;on后面則多接島嶼及現場等。

        (2) reach 是及物動詞,后直接接地點。

        (3) get to后接地點,若接地點副詞home/there/here時,短語中的介詞如at/in/on/to需省略。

        【即時練習】

        ① They will______ Guangzhou tonight.

        A.arrive B.get C.reach D.got

        11.join,take part in,attend

        (1) join指參加或加入某黨派、團體,并成為其中的一員,后面也可以接us/them/the young people 等表示一群人的詞或詞組,表示參與到這群人的活動中去。

        (2) take part in指參加群眾性的活動、會議、考試、競賽等,其中part 前可用an active 修飾,take an active part in 表示“積極參加”。

        (3) attend一般指出席會議。

        【即時練習】

        The children planted more trees and flowers after they______ Greener China.

        A.joined B.took part in

        C.became D.were

        12.large,big,great

        (1) large 意為“大的,寬大的,大規(guī)模的”,與small相對。在通常情況下,與big是同義詞,但large側重指面積、體積之大。

        (2) big意為“大的”,與little/small相對。big與large一樣,都可以指具體的事物。big多側重體積之大,還可表示“巨大的;偉大的;重要的”等意思。

        (3) great 意為“巨大的;偉大的;重大的”,與little/small相對,除可表示數量、體積之大外,還可指抽象程度的“偉大”。

        【即時練習】

        An elephant is a______ animal.

        A.big B.tall C.heavy D.large

        13.become,get,turn,go

        這四個詞用作連系動詞都可表示人或事物狀態(tài)、外貌等的變化??偟恼f來,become,turn 比 get,go 更正式。具體用法如下:

        (1) become 和 get 指一個人的暫時性的身心變化或永久性的自然變化。如:

        become (get) angry (famous,fat,ill,old,well,strong,deaf,etc.) 生氣(成名,發(fā)胖,得病,見老,痊愈,變聾,變強等)

        另外,become 和 get 還可指天氣的變化和社會的趨勢。

        (2) go主要指某人的肉體上或精神上由強到弱的變化。有時也指事物由強到弱(或由好變壞)。

        比較:come 多用于“好”的變化:

        注:go 一般不與 old,tired,ill 等連用,遇此情況要用其他連系動詞。

        (3) go和turn可用于人或事物顏色的變化。

        (4) turn后接名詞(短語),往往表示意想不到的變化,注意該名詞前通常不用冠詞。

        【即時練習】 選擇合適的詞填空。

        ① The radio has______ (gone;turned) wrong.

        ② Divorce is______ (becoming;going) more common.

        ③ He______ (went;became) deaf.

        14.below與under

        (1) 兩者都可表示“低于”,under 主要表示垂直的正下方,而 below 則不一定表示正下方(即可以是正下方或非正下方)。換句話說,表示正下方,兩者都可用;不表示正下方,則通常用below。

        (2) 兩者均可表示數量方面的“少于”,但在現代英語中,以用 under 為多見。

        注:在現代英語中,below 表示“少于”,主要用于表示溫度、高度以及有縱向標準可比的情況。

        (3) 若表示一物被另一物所覆蓋,則通常用 under。

        (4) 表示職位、級別等關系時,用 under 表直接關系,用 below 表非直接關系。比較:

        Mr.A is under Mr.B.A 先生是 B 先生的部下。

        Mr.A is below Mr.B.__A 先生比 B 先生職位低。

        【即時練習】

        ① There were______ (under,below) forty people at the meeting.

        ② This place is______ (below,under) sea level.

        15.spend,take,cost,pay

        (1) spend的主語只能是人,賓語可以是金錢、時間、精力等。用于句型:Sb.spends money/time on sth./(in) doing sth.。

        (2) take的主語多用形式主語it,也可以是人或某項活動,賓語大多是時間、金錢。It takes sb.some time to do sth.表示花費某人多少時間去做某事。

        (3) cost的主語為物、事情或用it作形式主語,賓語主要是金錢或含抽象概念表示時間及其他事物的名詞短語。Sth.cost sb.some money 表示某物花某人錢。

        (4) pay的主語只能是人,賓語可以是人,通常與for連用。Sb.pays some money for sth.表示“某人花錢買某物”。

        【即時練習】

        —What a nice MP3! Is it yours?

        —Of course.I______ 300 yuan on it.

        A.cost B.spent C.paid D.take

        16.cause,reason

        表示“理由”時,兩者雖然常?;Q,但也有區(qū)別:

        (1) cause 是不可數名詞,而 reason 可用作可數或不可數名詞,因此當需要用復數或受 a,every,many 等修飾時,通常要用 reason。如:

        I have many reasons to fear him.我怕他是有很多理由的。

        (2) reason 之后可接 why 引導的定語從句,而 cause 不能。

        【即時練習】

        ① She had every______ (reason;cause) for thinking so.

        ② The reason______ (why;that) I didnt tell you was that I wanted it to be a surprise. 我沒有告訴你,是想讓它給你一個驚喜。

        17.affect,effect,influence

        (1) affect與effect均可表示“影響”,其區(qū)別是:前者是動詞(及物),主要指一時的影響,著重影響的動作,可指一般意義的影響(不分好壞),也可指不良影響;后者是名詞(可數或不可數),兩者的關系大致為:affect=have an effect on。

        注:effect 有時雖用作動詞(及物),但不表示“影響”,而表示“實現”或“產生”等。

        (2) influence 表示“影響”,主要指對行為、性格、觀點等產生間接的或潛移默化的影響??捎米鲃釉~(及物)或名詞(通常不可數,但有時可連用不定冠詞)。

        【即時練習】

        ① What you read______(influences;effect) your thinking.

        ② The news had no______ ( effect;influence) on her at all.

        18.alive,living,live

        三者均可表示“活著的”,區(qū)別如下:

        (1) alive 主要用作表語(有時可用作后置定語,但不用作前置定語),可用于人或動物。注意:若 alive 本身有修飾語,則也可用作前置定語。

        (2) living 可用作表語或定語,可用于人或物。

        alive 和 living 表示“活著的”,兩者含義很接近,只要句法適合,有時可互換。如:

        誰是當代最偉大的詩人?

        正:Who is the greatest living poet?

        正:Who is the greatest poet alive?

        若需嚴格區(qū)分,兩者仍有差別:living 通常是客觀描述某人“尚在人間”或“健在”,而 alive 則主要指生與死的“界限”。

        (3) live 通常只用作定語(前置),可用于動物或植物,但一般不用于指人。

        【即時練習】

        用live,living,alive填空

        ① He must be still______.他一定還活著。

        ② Hes the happiest man______.

        ③ He is a really______ student.

        ④ Both plants and animals are______ things.

        ⑤ He bought some______ fish.他買了幾條 活魚。

        19.because,since,as,for

        (1) because語氣最強,表示直接原因,可用于回答 why 提出的問題,引導表語從句,用于強調句等,而其余三者均不行。

        (2) since 與 as所表示的原因都是人們已知的,即對已知事實提供理由,而不是表示直接原因。since 比 as 語氣稍強,且比 as 略為正式,它們引導的從句通常放在主句之前,有時也放在主句之后。

        (3) for是并列連詞(其余三者為從屬連詞),它有時可表示因果關系(通常要放在主句之后,且可與 because 換用);有時不表示因果關系,而是對前面分句內容進行解釋或推斷(也要放在主句之后,但不能與because 換用)。

        (4)漢語習慣上說“因為……,所以……”,但是在英語里卻不能將 so 與because,since,as 等連用。例如:

        誤: Because it was fine,so we went swimming.

        正: Because it was fine,we went swimming.

        正: It was fine,so we went swimming.

        【即時練習】

        用as,since,because,for填空。

        ① Why didnt he come?______ he was ill.

        ② It is______ he is too busy that he didnt come last night.

        ③______ you are wrong,you should apologize.

        ④ It must have rained last night,______ the ground is wet this morning.

        20.bring,take,get,fetch,carry

        (1) bring 和 take 是一對反義詞。bring 表示從別處把某人或物“帶來”或“拿來”,而 take 則指把某人或物“帶走”或“拿走”(到別處)。注意:若在 bring 和 take 之后接副詞 out,則兩者同義,意為“拿出來”(=get out)。

        (2) fetch 與 get 大致同義,均指到別處把某人或物帶來,在意義上相當于 go and bring,口語中多用 get。

        注意:fetch 和 get 在意義上相當于 go and bring,所以從邏輯上說它們不宜再與 go 連用,但在實際運用中常可見到(或聽到)這樣的句子:

        Go and get your notebook.去把你的筆記本拿來。

        (3) carry 指“隨身攜帶”(如搬,提,拿,扛,抬,抱,背,帶等),不具體說明來去的方向,有時含有沉重或麻煩之意。

        【即時練習】

        用take,bring,get,fetch,carry填空

        ① He______ a box on his back.

        ② Please______ the empty cup away and ______me a cup of tea.

        ③ Shall I______ you your coat from the next room?

        21.accept 與 receive

        (1) receive 通常指被動地“收到”或“接到”,而 accept 則指主動地“接受”。比較并體會:

        She received his present,but she didnt accept it.__她收到了他的禮物,但是沒有接受。

        注意:有時用詞要視語言習慣而定,而不能簡單地認為 receive = 收到,accept = 接受。如“接受禮物”說成英語是 accept a gift,而“接受教育”卻是 receive education。

        (2) 表示“接見”、“接待”時,要用 receive 而不用 accept。如:

        She was warmly received.__她受到熱情地接待。

        【即時練習】

        選用receive和 accept的適當形式填空。

        ① We havent received his letter for a long time.

        ② She offered him a lift and he accepted (it).22.too much,too many,much too

        (1) too much一般相當于形容詞,修飾不可數名詞,表示“太多,過多”。相當于副詞,用來修飾動詞。too much還可以作代詞,可作主語、表語或賓語。

        (2) too many 的用法與too much類似,但需修飾或指代可數復數名詞;

        (3) much too意為“太、過于”,相當于副詞,多修飾形容詞或其他副詞。

        【即時練習】

        The dress on the right is nice,but it costs too much.(詞語釋義)

        A.is quite cheap B.is too small

        C.is too expensive D.is very popular

        23.little,a little,few,a few

        little(a little) ,few(a few)都表示“一些”;a little 與little修飾不可數名詞,a few與 few修飾可數名詞;a little,a few表示“有幾個”、“有一些”,含肯定意義,著重點在“有”上,強調雖然少,但是還有;few和 little表示“沒有幾個”、“幾乎沒有”,分別和not many,not much相對,著重點在“少”上,含否定意義。這四個詞都可在句中作定語、主語和賓語。

        溫馨提示:(1)當little不表示數量,而分別表示“小的”含義時,它們則可以修飾可數名詞,此時的little也不再表示否定含義,如指“一個”,前可加a。

        (2)few與little接近形容詞,都有比較級和最高級,分別為little → less → least 與few → fewer → fewest。

        【即時練習】

        The English novel is quite easy for you.There are______ new words in it .

        A.a little B.little

        C.a few D.few

        24.fall,drop,land

        (1) fall主要用作不及物動詞,側重于指由于重力的作用或失去平衡等而“落下;降落;跌下”。

        (2) drop 作及物動詞或不及物動詞皆可,側重指由于地心引力或沒有握住等原因而“落下;使落下”。 drop用作不及物動詞時和fall沒有什么區(qū)別。它還有“放棄”的意思。

        (3) land側重指“(從空中)降落;落下”,也能指從船上“登陸、卸下”。

        【即時練習】

        She______ the ball into the well.

        A.fell B.dropped C.landed D.took

        25.borrow,lend

        borrow指“借入”,其對應詞lend指“借出”。borrow常與from連用;lend后常接to。borrow sth.from sb.的意思是“向某人借某物”;lend sth.to sb.意思是“把某物借給某人”。

        【即時練習】

        —May I______ your CD player?

        —Certainly,but you cant______ it to others.

        A.borrow;keep B.lend;keep

        C.keep;borrow D.borrow;lend

        26.happen與take place

        happen為不及物動詞,意為“發(fā)生”。在用法上與漢語差別很大,漢語習慣說“發(fā)生了某事”,而英語中則說sth.happens。happen無被動語態(tài),泛指一切客觀事物或情況的發(fā)生,主語常為事件、情況等,與不定式連用時則表示偶然發(fā)生的行為;take place側重指按計劃按部就班地發(fā)生。

        【即時練習】

        I happened______ Mrs.Wang in the street yesterday.

        A.meet B.meeting C.to meet D.met

        27.besides,except,but

        (1) besides是介詞,“除……之外,還有……”,指除外的部分包括在內,相當于with和plus。

        (2) except與but都表示從整體中除去部分(不包括在內了),??蓳Q用。但but著重整體,常用在no,all,nobody,where,who 等詞后;except不受此限,且著重指除去的部分。

        【即時練習】 ____ English,we study Chinese,Politics,maths,physics and chemistry.

        A.Beside B.Besides

        C.except D.Except

        28.used to,be used to do sth.與be

        used to doing sth.

        used to是一個動詞詞組,后面接動詞原形,used to do sth.表示過去的習慣(過去經常反復發(fā)生的動作)或狀態(tài)(現在已不復存在),只有過去形式,可用于所有人稱。used to do sth.是指“過去經常做……”,be used to do sth.是被動結構“(某物)被用來做某事”;be used to doing sth.習慣于做某事(現在已經養(yǎng)成了的習慣)。

        溫馨提示:used to do sth.的疑問句和否定句有以下兩種變化:

        (1) Used + 主語 + to do sth.? 主語 + used not to do sth.

        (2) Did + 主語 + use to do sth.?主語+didnt use to do sth..

        【即時練習】

        I______ live in the village,so I know it very well.

        A.use to B.used to

        C.are used to D.were used to

        29.belong to,have

        (1) belong to是“屬于……;是……的成員”之意,belong是不及物動詞,一般用于“動詞 + 介詞”構成的詞組,表示主語屬于to之后的成分。例如:China belongs to the third world.中國屬于第三世界。

        (2) belong to是“屬于”,而have是“擁有”,如:The new bike belongs to Mary.這輛新自行車是瑪麗的。Mary has a new bike.瑪麗有一輛新自行車。belong to用物或人作主語,表示“某物是某人的”或“某人屬于某政黨、團體、階層等”;而have通常用人作主語,強調是誰擁有某物。

        【即時練習】

        The boy______ the singing group of Grade One.

        A.is belonging B.belongs

        C.is belonging to D.belongs to

        30.take after,look like

        take after指子女在長相、性格方面與父母相似;而look like意為“看起來像”,既可以指子女看起來像父母,又可以指一種東西看上去像另一種。

        look like指看上去像父母時,偏重于外貌、長相;take after則是指外貌和性格兩方面。當單指外貌上子女與父母相像時,look like可與take after換用。

        【即時練習】

        She is of medium height and a little bit quiet.I think she______ her mother a lot.

        A.look like B.looks like

        C.take after D.takes after

        31.give sb.a ride,pick up

        (1) give sb.a ride意為“讓某人搭便車”,sb.可以是人名,也可以是人稱代詞(賓格)。如:give Lucy a ride 讓露茜搭便車,give him a ride 讓他搭便車。

        (2) pick up也有“讓……搭車”之意,但其用法廣泛。pick up既可指(中途)搭人,又可指(中途)帶貨;此外還有“拾起”之意。pick sb.up 中的sb.為代詞時必須放在中間,為名詞時可放在中間或pick up之后。give sb.a ride 僅指讓人搭車。

        【即時練習】

        Thanks to a kind-hearted man,he______

        on my way here.

        A.pick me up B.give me a ride

        C.picked up me D.gave me a ride

        32.offer 與provide

        二者都有“提供”的意思,都用作及物動詞。

        (1) offer后帶雙賓語,即offer sb.sth.(= offer sth.to sb.)為某人提供某物。offer后接不定式,offer to do sth.表示“(主動)提出做某事”;offer sb.some money for sth.表示“向某人出價買某物”;offer sb.sth.for some money 表示“向某人索價賣某物”。

        (2) provide sb.with sth.意為“為某人提供某物”;provide sth.for sb.意為“把某物提供給某人”;provide + 從句意為“規(guī)定,約定”。

        【即時練習】

        Our teacher______ us many chances to practice English.

        A.showed B.lent

        C.gave D.borrowed

        33.look for,discover,find out,search

        (1) look for表示“尋找”這一意思時,強調“找”的動作或過程。例如:

        I looked for the boy everywhere.我到處找那個男孩。

        (2) discover指有意或無意地發(fā)現已經存在但尚不為人所知的事物,發(fā)現物可以是物體等有形物或真理等無形物,后面一般不能接動詞不定式。

        (3) find out指經過詢問、調查、觀察、計算或研究等手段發(fā)現或找到,多用于復雜而不易直接查出的情況。

        (4) search是指對某一處所、容器或人進行搜查或指尋找想找到的人或物,比look for 的語氣更強,后面可接介詞for。

        【即時練習】

        Columbus______ America many years ago.

        A.looked for B.discovered

        C.searched D.found

        34.award,prize,honor,reward

        (1) award主要是指為鼓勵工作表現突出的人而頒發(fā)的獎品,往往強調榮譽而不在乎獎品或獎金的大小或多少,后面可以接雙賓語,可以用作動詞,也可以用作名詞。

        (2) prize表示“獎品、獎金”,多指在競爭、競賽或抽彩中獲得的獎,是可數名詞。

        (3) reward表示“酬謝、獎賞、報酬”,后面可以接介詞with,表示酬謝的物品時,常用被動語態(tài)。

        (4) honor可指官方承認的獎賞和榮譽,但往往指非官方的私人獎勵,可用作可數名詞和不可數名詞。作動詞時,表示“尊敬、給予榮譽”的意思。

        【即時練習】

        Who won the first______ in the surfing competition?

        A.prize B.honor C.award D.reward

        即時練習答案:

        1.A 2.B 3.①A ②A 4.A 5.B 6.to go;to see 7.C 8.C 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.D 13.①gone ②becoming ③became 14.① under ② below 15.B 16.①reason ② why 17.①influence ② effect 18.①alive

        ②alive ③alive ④living ⑤live 19.① Because ②because ③Since ④for 20.①carried ②take;bring ③ get/fetch 21.①received ②accepted 22.C 23.D 24.B 25.D 26.C 27.B 28.B 29.D 30.D 31.D 32.C 33.B 34.A

        二、初中英語重點短語歸納

        Ⅰ.選用下列方框中的短語并用其適當形式 填空。

        A

        1.Im sorry.Ill______ what I said.

        2.All the Chinese people______ Liu Xiang. He is our national hero.

        3.Lucy______ Lily,because they are twins.

        4.Lets hurry;the plane is going to______, or we will miss it.

        5.______;the bus is coming quickly.

        6.We always______ to clean our classroom.

        7.Please______ your books if you dont use them.

        8.Look,the picture is broken,please______ it______.

        9.Tom is very fit,because he often______.

        10.Great changes have______ in China in the past ten years.

        答案: 1.take back 2.take pride in 3.takes after 4.take off 5.Take care 6.take turns 7.take away 8.take;down 9.takes exercise 10.taken place

        B

        1.Could you lend me your bike,and Ill ______it______ to you soon.

        2.The little girl prefers to die rather than ______.

        3.Im going to______ ads at the supermarket.

        4.My brother has______ smoking already.

        5.Many people are______ their money and things to those homeless people in trouble. 答案:1.give;back 2.give in 3.give out 4.given up 5.giving away

        C

        1.Stop talking.Lets______ to business.

        2.Tim and his girlfriend______ two days ago.

        3.Well______ at the school gate,then well take a bus to the museum.

        4.The boy climbed up the tree,but he couldnt______.

        5.Twenty thousand people______ in the earthquake that happened in Sichuan.

        6.How are you______ with with your classmates?

        7.The children are______ for the coming exam.

        8.They got up early and______ quickly.

        9.I want to______ my pen from Tom.

        10.The train is moving.Lets______ it.

        答案:1.get down 2.got married 3.get together 4.get down 5.got hurt 6.getting on/along 7.getting ready 8.got dressed 9.get back 10.get on

        D

        1.My son is sleeping,please______ the radio a little.

        2.You must______ your homework tomorrow.

        3.Nothing can make me______ my country.

        4.Could you please______ the radio? I want to listen to the weather report.

        5.They enter the classroom______.

        6.Can you______ this passage______English?

        7.Its too hot in the room.Please______ the electric fan.

        8.You must______ the lights before you leave the room.

        9.Mary______ at the corner and saw me.

        10.______ that page,and youll find the answer.

        答案: 1.turn down 2.turn in 3.turn against 4.turn on 5.in turn 6.turn;into 7.turn up 8.turn off 9.turned around 10.Turn over

        E

        1.Your shoes are everywhere.You must______ them______.

        2.—Wheres the bird? —It has______.

        3.Many bridges have______ by the floods.

        4.You cant find Mr.Wang here.He has ______.

        5.Dont______ the waste paper.It can be recycled.

        6.We mustnt______ the books from the library.

        7.When the thief saw the police,he______ quickly.

        8.Is the village______ from your hometown?

        答案: 1.put;away 2.flown away 3.been washed away 4.moved away 5.throw away 6.take away 7.ran away 8.far away

        F

        1.Ill______ to your house tomorrow evening.

        2.We should______ all kinds of difficulties we face.

        3.If you dont feel well,Ill ask Dr.Smith to ______you______.

        4.This problem isnt a little difficult;you must______ it______.

        5.When Mr.Wang knew what happened,he ______quickly with a medicine box.

        6.When the old man was crossing the road, he______.

        7.If you want to get good grades,you must ______your lessons.

        8.The plane has______ a line of mountains.

        答案:1.come over 2.get over 3.look over 4.think;over 5.hurried over 6.fell off 7.go over 8.flown over

        G

        1.Edison liked______ new ideas when he was young.

        2.A terrible earthquake______ on May 12,2008.

        3.Im sorry that we have______ the shoes end.

        4.If he works hard like this,he will______ sooner or later.

        5.The burning cigarette end must be______ or it will cause a fire accident.

        6.We were doing our homework,suddenly the lights______.

        7.The problem is too difficult for me to ______.

        8.Our physics teacher always______ our mistakes.

        9.He______ the biggest among the apples in the basket.

        10.His money soon______.

        答案: 1.trying out 2.broke out 3.sold out 4.wear out 5.put out 6.went out 7.work out 8.points out 9.picked out 10.ran out

        H

        1.I hear a new play is going to______ tonight.

        2.All the students______ the children in trouble as their relatives.

        3.The CCP______ us to fight against the disaster caused by the terrible earthquake.

        4.______ to your dreams and one day they may just come true.

        5.The yellow dress is nice,can I______ it ______?

        6.If you meet a new word,dont always ______the dictionary.

        7.After having studied all the candidates (候 選人) weve______ this one.

        8.Mr.Smith is______ a new book about art.

        9.Dont give up,and______ working like this.

        答案:1.be put on 2.look on 3.calls on 4.Hold on 5.try;on 6.depend on 7.decided on 8.working on 9.go on

        I

        1.Dont______ late.Its bad for your health.

        2.Could you give me some money? Ive ______mine.

        3.They are going to______ the sick children in hospital.

        4.China will______ a new man-made satellite into space to learn more about the earth.

        5.He said he would come here early,but he didnt______ until ten oclock.

        6.—I dont know Marys telephone number. —You can______ it______ in the telephone book.

        7.Pour the milk into the juice and______ them______.

        8.Dont worry.Let me help you______ the bike.

        9.You cant______ a person who is pretending to be asleep.

        10.Ill______ my uncle as soon as I reach Beijing.

        答案:1.stay up 2.used up 3.cheer up 4.send up 5.show up 6.look;up 7.mix;up 8.fix up 9.wake up 10.call up

        J

        1.Time is money.We must______ it.

        2.Its good manners to______ the old on the bus or the train.

        3.Mary has______ with people from the west.

        4.She has______ to learn Japanese after graduation.

        5.I always______ to let the baby laugh.

        6.He did a part-time job in a KFC to______.

        7.The boy is naughty.He often______ in class.

        8.Now it is possible for us to______ on the Internet.

        9.Everyone in the world______.

        答案:1.make use of 2.make room for 3.made friends 4.made up her mind/made a decision 5.make faces 6.make money 7.makes trouble 8.make phone calls 9.makes mistakes.

        Ⅱ.根據漢語提示,用適當的短語完成句子。

        1.Look,everything__________________(被 ……覆蓋) snow everywhere.

        2.We have made great progress,so Mr.Wang ________________ (對……滿意) us.

        3.Our headmaster told us______________ (嚴格要求) ourselves in everything.

        4.He__________________ (生我的氣) me because I said dirty words.

        5.Little Tom studies very hard to________ (跟上,趕上) his classmates.

        6.Miss Zhao is patient and kind;she ________________(深受歡迎) us.

        7.Though he didnt feel well,he________ (繼續(xù)工作) his work.

        8.Im sorry.I dont____________ (同意) you.

        9.There is little time left;they____________ (忙于做作業(yè)) their homework.

        10.__________________(說完這些話),the tiger jumped into the river.

        11.Please ask and answer these questions ______________________(結對子)。

        12.You are just__________________ (及時) for the match.

        13.He is afraid to speak______________ . (在公眾場合)

        14.We are going to have a picnic________ . (在戶外)

        15.Some schools in Sichun are____________ (需要) teachers.

        16.She likes to sit____________________ (在……前部) the car.

        17.The rice should be harvested____________ (在適當的時候).

        18.______________ (在……初) this month, a traffic accident happened to Mary.

        19.He came to school very early____________ (像平常一樣).

        20.____________(至少) twenty thousand people were missing in the earthquake.

        答案:1.is covered with 2.is pleased/satisfied with 3.to be strict with 4.was angry/annoyed with 5.keep/catch up with 6.is popular with 7.went on with/doing 8.agree with 9.are busy with/doing 10.With these words 11.in pairs 12.in time 13.in public/in public places 14.in the open air 15.in need of 16.in the front of 17.at the right/proper time 18.At the start/beginning of 19.as usual 20.At least

        三、初中英語重點句型歸納

        1.Its time for sb to do sth.是某人做某事的時候了。

        2.Its + adj.+ for sb to do sth.做某事對某人而言……

        3.How far is it from A to B? 從甲地到乙地有多遠?

        4.It takes sb.some time to do sth.做某事花了某人多長時間。

        5.Thank sb.for doing sth.謝謝某人做了某事。

        6.How many + n.(pl) + does + sb.need? 某人需要多少……?

        7.Could you please (not) do ...? 請問您能(不)……嗎?

        8.Why dont you do sth? (= Why not do sth?) 你為何不做某事?

        9.There is/are going to be .../There will be ...__將有……

        10.So + 主語 + 助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be動詞。 某人確實是這樣。

        11.So + 助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be動詞 + 主語。某人也一樣。

        12.Sb.has been to some place.某人曾去過某地。

        13.What would you do if you had a million dollars?__如果你有一百萬美元,你會做什么?

        14.I would rather do sth.than do sth.我寧愿做……也不愿做……

        15.I prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.比起做某事來說,我更愿意做……

        16.Sth.must be ones.某物肯定是某人的。

        17.Sth.belongs to sb.某物屬于某人。

        18.Sb.has trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.某人做某事有困難。

        19.Sb.has a chance/an opportunity to do/of doing sth.某人有機會做某事。

        20.What +a/an + adj.+ n.+ 主語 + 謂語 +! 一位多么……的……!

        21.How + adj./adv.+主語+謂語+! ……是多么地……!

        22.Whats the matter/trouble/wrong with you? 你怎么了?

        23.Would you mind (not) doing sth.? 你介意(不)做某事嗎?

        24.It seems that ...__似乎……

        25.By the time I got there,the train had already left.在我到那兒時,火車已經離開了。

        26.Could you tell me where the rest rooms are? 你能告訴我公共廁所在哪兒嗎?

        27.He is so young that he cant look after himself.他太小了,不能夠照顧自己。

        28.She isnt old enough to go to school.她還不到上學的年紀。

        29.主語 + see/hear/watch/notice/feel sb.do/doing sth.……看見/聽見/觀察/注意到/感覺到某人做/正在做某事

        30.You used to play football,didnt you? 你以前常踢足球,是嗎?

        31.Sb.should be allowed to do sth.應該允許某人做某事。

        32.If I were you,Id take a small present.__如果我是你,我將帶一件小禮物。

        33.What if I dont know anyone? 如果我一個人也不認識,該怎么辦?

        34.What do you think I should tell her? 你認為我應該告訴她什么?

        35.I like music that I can dance to.我喜歡我能隨其節(jié)奏跳舞的音樂。

        36.Sb.is supposed to do sth.某人應該做某事。

        37.Sb.is made to do sth.某人被迫做某事。

        【即時練習】

        用所給單詞的適當形式填空。

        1.Its impossible for me______ (finish) the work in such a short time.

        2.How many______ (sheep) are there on your farm?

        3.There______ (be) a new movie at the Town Theatre.

        4.What would you buy if you______ (win) the lottery?

        5.She prefers______ (watch) TV to______ (play) football on the playground.

        6.That new book must be______ (her), ______(be not) it?

        7.Do you have trouble______ (work) out the math problem?

        8.Would you mind______ (help) me repair the TV set?

        9.Listen! Can you hear Wei Hua______ (sing) an English song?

        10.If I______ (be) your teacher,I______ (ask) you not to copy others homework.

        11.Could you please______ (not sweep) the floor now? We are having lunch.

        12.By the time I______ (enter) the classroom, the class______ (begin).

        13.You are not supposed______ (talk) loudly in class.

        14.Linda has a chance of______ (do) volunteer work in Sichuan.

        15.What if nobody______ (come) to the party?

        16.Tom always makes trouble,so he is often made______ (stand) in class.

        17.How______ (wonder) that girl is singing!

        18.Im sorry I didnt take enough money ______ (buy) those books.

        19.They used______ (come) late to school, but now they get to school on time.

        20.Liu Hunan preferred______ (die) rather than______ (give) in.

        答案:1.to finish 2.sheep 3.is going to be/will be 4.won 5.watching;playing 6.hers;isnt 7.working 8.helping 9.singing 10.were;would ask 11.not sweep 12.entered;had begun 13.to talk 14.doing 15.comes 16.to stand 17.wonderfully 18.to buy 19.to come 20.to die;give ★

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